Topic 6: Automation Systems & Emerging Technologies

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An expert system is an example of artificial intelligence. One component of an expert system is a knowledge base. Explain why an expert system needs a knowledge base.

An expert system needs a knowledge base because it contains the facts, rules, and relationships that the system uses to solve problems or make decisions. The knowledge base acts as a repository of expertise, providing the system with the necessary information to understand and respond to specific situations.

Robots are used in a factory to build cars. One characteristic of a robot is its mechanical structure. State two other characteristics of a robot.

Two other characteristics of a robot are its ability to perform tasks autonomously or semi-autonomously, and its use of sensors to gather information about its environment and respond accordingly. Robots are often programmed with specific instructions or algorithms to guide their actions and interactions.

Suggest two advantages of using robots, instead of humans, to build cars in the factory.

Two advantages of using robots in a car factory are increased efficiency and improved precision. Robots can perform tasks faster and more consistently than humans, minimizing errors and maximizing output. They also provide a more controlled and predictable work environment, leading to greater accuracy and less waste.

Give one disadvantage to the company's owners of using robots to manufacture cars.

One disadvantage of using robots in manufacturing is the initial high cost of investment. Robots, along with their programming and maintenance, require a significant financial outlay, which might be a major barrier for some companies. Signup and view all the answers

State two main components of an automated system.

Two main components of an automated system are a microprocessor and actuators. The microprocessor is the brain of the system, processing information and controlling the actions of the actuators. Actuators, on the other hand, are the physical components of the system that perform tasks, such as opening doors, controlling temperature, or moving objects. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the role of a microprocessor in an automated system.

The microprocessor in an automated system serves as the central control unit, receiving input from sensors, processing data according to pre-programmed rules, and sending output signals to actuators to control the system's operation. It acts as the system's brain, making decisions and directing the flow of information. Signup and view all the answers

Give one advantage and one disadvantage of using automated systems in industry.

An advantage of using automated systems in industry is increased productivity. Automation can significantly speed up processes and reduce the need for human intervention, leading to higher output and reduced costs. However, a major disadvantage is the potential for job displacement, as automated systems can replace some traditional jobs. Signup and view all the answers

Jamelia has a greenhouse that she uses to grow fruit and vegetables. She needs to make sure the temperature in the greenhouse stays between 25°C and 30°C (inclusive). A system that has a temperature sensor and a microprocessor is used to maintain the temperature in the greenhouse. The system will: open a window and turn a heater on if it gets too hot close a window and turn a heater on if it gets too cold. Describe how the system uses the temperature sensor and the microprocessor to maintain the temperature in the greenhouse.

The temperature sensor continuously monitors the temperature inside the greenhouse and sends this information to the microprocessor. The microprocessor then compares the received temperature reading with the desired range of 25°C to 30°C. If the temperature falls below 25°C, the microprocessor sends a signal to activate the heater. Conversely, if the temperature rises above 30°C, the microprocessor will trigger the opening of the window and deactivate the heater to allow cooler air in. This continuous feedback loop ensures that the temperature remains within the desired range. Signup and view all the answers

A theme park has a game where a player tries to run from the start to the finish without getting wet. The system for the game uses sensors and a microprocessor to spray water at a player as they run past each sensor. Describe how the sensors and the microprocessor are used in this system.

Sensors are positioned along the player's path, and each sensor is connected to the microprocessor. When a player passes a sensor, it triggers a signal to the microprocessor. The microprocessor then sends a command to the water spray mechanism, causing water to be sprayed at the player as they run past. This continuous cycle of sensor activation, microprocessor command, and water spray creates the intended effect. Signup and view all the answers

A factory uses an automated system to control the temperature of its storage rooms. The system consists of temperature sensors, a microprocessor, and actuators connected to heaters and cooling units. The sensors monitor the temperature and send the data to the microprocessor. The microprocessor processes the data and activates the heaters or cooling units based on pre-programmed rules. Explain how the automated system maintains the desired temperature in the storage rooms.

The temperature sensors continuously monitor the temperature within each storage room and transmit the readings to the microprocessor. The microprocessor compares the received temperature data with the desired set point for each room, which is defined in its pre-programmed rules. If the temperature falls below the set point, the microprocessor activates the corresponding heating unit for that room. Conversely, if the temperature rises above the set point, the microprocessor activates the cooling unit to bring the temperature down. This closed-loop system ensures that the temperature within each storage room remains stable and within the desired range. Signup and view all the answers

Discuss two advantages and two disadvantages of using such an automated system in the factory.

Two advantages of using an automated temperature control system in a factory include increased energy efficiency and reduced labor costs. By precisely regulating temperature, the system can minimize energy waste and optimize heating and cooling processes. It can also automate tasks that would otherwise require human intervention, leading to cost savings for the factory. However, two disadvantages include potential equipment failures and higher initial investment costs. Like any complex system, automated temperature control systems are susceptible to malfunctions or failures, which might require costly repairs or maintenance. Additionally, the initial purchase and installation of such a system represent a significant financial investment, which may not be feasible for all businesses. Signup and view all the answers

A sensor and a microprocessor are used to monitor the pH of the cleaning products. The system records each reading that is taken. If the reading is greater than 7 a warning message is displayed on a monitor. Explain how the sensor and microprocessor are used in the system.

A pH sensor continuously measures the acidity or alkalinity of the cleaning products and sends this data to the microprocessor. The microprocessor then analyzes the received pH readings. If the reading exceeds 7 (indicating that the cleaning solution is too alkaline), the microprocessor triggers a warning message to be displayed on the monitor, alerting the operator to the potential issue. Signup and view all the answers

A security light system is used by a factory. The light only comes on when it is dark and when movement is detected. The light will stay on for 1 minute before switching off. Sensors and a microprocessor are used to control the security light system. (a) Identify two sensors that would be used in the security light system. Sensor 1 Sensor 2

Sensor 1: A light sensor to detect darkness and trigger the light to turn on. Sensor 2: A motion sensor to detect movement and keep the light on. Signup and view all the answers

Describe how the sensors and the microprocessor control the security light system.

The light sensor continuously monitors the ambient light level. When darkness is detected, the light sensor sends a signal to the microprocessor. The microprocessor then activates the security light. At the same time, the motion sensor is activated, and it starts monitoring for movement in the designated area. If movement is detected, the motion sensor sends a signal to the microprocessor, which resets the timer for the security light. This keeps the light on for an additional minute. If no movement is detected within the minute, the microprocessor deactivates the security light. The system continues to operate in this cycle, turning the light on at night and when movement is detected, ensuring that the area is illuminated only when needed. Signup and view all the answers

A farmer uses an automated robot to plant seeds in the field. (a) State what is meant by the robot being automated.

A robot being automated means that it can perform actions and tasks without direct human intervention. It is programmed to follow specific instructions or algorithms, enabling it to operate independently. Signup and view all the answers

Give three characteristics of a robot.

Three characteristics of a robot are its ability to perform tasks autonomously, its use of sensors to gather information and make decisions, and its mechanical structure designed for specific tasks. Signup and view all the answers

The robot plants seeds and stops when it reaches a fence. It then turns and continues planting seeds. The robot uses sensors and a microprocessor to know when it reaches a fence. Explain how the robot uses sensors and a microprocessor to know it has reached a fence

The robot is equipped with sensors, such as proximity sensors or touch sensors, that detect obstacles in its path. When the robot encounters a fence, its sensors register this information and send a signal to the microprocessor. The microprocessor then processes this data and, based on the pre-programmed instructions, commands the robot to stop planting and turn around. After turning, the robot resumes its planting operation, continuing to use its sensors and the microprocessor to navigate the field and avoid obstacles. Signup and view all the answers

Give two advantages of the farmer using an automated robot to plant seeds.

Two advantages of the farmer using an automated robot are increased speed and accuracy. Robots can plant seeds much faster than humans while maintaining consistent spacing and depth, leading to improved plant growth and higher yields. They also reduce the risk of human error, ensuring proper seed placement and optimal conditions for germination. Signup and view all the answers

The robot is adapted to have machine learning capabilities. Explain how this will improve the robot.

Machine learning enables the robot to learn from its experiences and improve its performance over time. By analyzing data gathered from its sensors and previous planting operations, the robot can identify patterns and optimize its planting technique. For example, it might learn to adjust its planting depth or spacing based on soil type, weather conditions, or the type of seeds being planted. This continuous learning process allows the robot to become more efficient, accurate, and adaptable in various field conditions. Signup and view all the answers

A garage uses an expert system to help diagnose any problems with cars that need repair. (a) The expert system is an example of artificial intelligence (AI). Describe what is meant by AI.

Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the development of computer systems that can perform tasks typically requiring human intelligence, such as learning, problem-solving, and decision-making. These systems are designed to process information, learn from experience, and adapt to new situations, mimicking the cognitive abilities of humans. Signup and view all the answers

A car has a problem with its braking system, so it is brought into the garage. Explain how the expert system operates and how it is used to help diagnose the problem.

The expert system for diagnosing car problems utilizes a knowledge base containing information about various car components, common issues, and repair procedures. When a car with a braking system problem is brought in, the mechanic enters relevant data, such as symptoms observed, car model, and diagnostic test results. The expert system then analyzes this data and compares it with its knowledge base. It then applies the rules and logic stored within the knowledge base to identify potential causes for the braking problem and offers possible solutions or repair steps. The mechanic can then use this information to guide their diagnosis and repair process, making it more efficient and accurate. Signup and view all the answers

Jamelia has a greenhouse that she uses to grow fruit and vegetables. She needs to make sure the temperature in the greenhouse stays between 25°C and 30°C (inclusive). A system that has a temperature sensor and a microprocessor is used to maintain the temperature in the greenhouse. The system will: • open a window and turn a heater on if it gets too hot • close a window and turn a heater on if it gets too cold. Describe how the system uses the temperature sensor and the microprocessor to maintain the temperature in the greenhouse.

The temperature sensor measures the temperature in the greenhouse and sends this data to the microprocessor. The microprocessor compares the temperature reading with the desired range (25°C to 30°C). If the temperature is too high, the microprocessor activates the actuator to open the window and turn on the heater. Similarly, if the temperature is too low, the microprocessor will close the window and turn on the heater. This creates a feedback loop to ensure that the greenhouse stays at a consistent temperature. Signup and view all the answers

A security light system is used by a factory. The light only comes on when it is dark and when movement is detected. The light will stay on for 1 minute before switching off. Sensors and a microprocessor are used to control the security light system. (a) Identify two sensors that would be used in the security light system.

The system would use a light sensor to detect when it gets dark, and a motion sensor to detect movement. Signup and view all the answers

A robot vacuum cleaner uses sensors to navigate around obstacles in a room. (a) Tick (3) one box to show which sensor would be the most suitable for this purpose.

Proximity (D) Signup and view all the answers

An expert system can be used to diagnose an error with a robot vacuum cleaner. Circle three components that are part of an expert system.

Rule base (C), Knowledge base (D), Inference engine (F) Signup and view all the answers

Explain how the robot vacuum cleaner can make use of machine learning.

Machine learning can be used to train the robot vacuum cleaner to recognize different types of obstacles and surfaces. The robot could analyze data from previous cleaning sessions and learn to identify and navigate around obstacles more effectively. This could include learning to identify specific shapes, textures, or colors associated with obstacles, allowing it to avoid them more efficiently. Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Expert System

A computer system that mimics human decision-making.

Knowledge Base

A collection of facts and rules used by an expert system.