Articulatory Phonetics Study Guide
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Questions and Answers

Define the term natural class.

A natural class is a group of sounds that have common phonetic features

Define the term pulmonic.

Pulmonic -Airstream thru lungs

Define the term ejective.

Ejectives are sounds that are regressive,glottalic and non-pulmonic

Define the term implosive.

<p>Implosives are sounds that are ingr</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define the term click.

<p>Clicks are sounds that are produced by creating a suction in the mouth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three major phonetic features of consonants?

<p>The three major phonetic features of consonants are place of articulation, manner of articulation, and voicing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four major phonetic features of vowels?

<p>The four major phonetic features of vowels are height, backness, rounding, and tenseness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do you find a consonant's place of articulation on the IPA Chart?

<p>A consonant’s place of articulation is found along the horizontal axis of the IPA Chart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do you find out if a consonant is voiced on the IPA Chart?

<p>If a consonant symbol is on the right side of the IPA chart (the portion containing the voiced consonants), it is voiced. If the consonant symbol is on the left side of the IPA chart, it is voiceless.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do you find a vowel's height on the IPA Chart?

<p>Vowel height is found along the vertical axis of the IPA Chart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do you find a vowel's backness on the IPA Chart?

<p>Vowel backness is found along the horizontal axis of the IPA Chart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do you find out if a vowel is rounded on the IPA Chart?

<p>The IPA Chart uses diacritics to indicate rounding for vowels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do you find out if a vowel is lax on the IPA Chart?

<p>If a vowel symbol appears in parentheses on the IPA Chart, it is lax.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a word in English ends in a voiceless stop, like the word 'talk', the stop will sometimes be pronounced as a(n) ______.

<p>glottal stop</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the natural class of Spanish fricatives?

<p>The natural class of Spanish fricatives is the phonemes /f/, /θ/, /s/, and /x/.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the natural class of Spanish voiceless stops?

<p>The natural class of Spanish voiceless stops is the phonemes /p/, /t/, and /k/.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the natural class of Spanish high vowels?

<p>The natural class of Spanish high vowels is /i/, /e/, /u/, and /o/.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the natural class of Spanish nasal consonants?

<p>The natural class of Spanish nasal consonants is /m/, /n/, and /ɲ/.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the natural class of French voiced consonants?

<p>The natural class of French voiced consonants is /b/, /d/, /g/, /v/, /z/, /ʒ/, /l/, /m/, /n/, /ɲ/, /r/, and /w/.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the natural class of French nasal vowels?

<p>The natural class of French nasal vowels is /ɑ̃/, /ɛ̃/, /œ̃/, /ɔ̃/, and /ỹ/.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the natural class of French rounded vowels?

<p>The natural class of French rounded vowels is /y/, /ø/, and /u/.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the natural class of Mandarin aspirated consonants?

<p>The natural class of Mandarin aspirated consonants is /pʰ/, /tʰ/, /kʰ/.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the natural class of Mandarin affricates?

<p>The natural class of Mandarin affricates is /t͡ʃ/, /t͡ʂ/, /t͡s/.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the natural class of Mandarin back vowels?

<p>The natural class of Mandarin back vowels is /u/, /o/, /ɑ/, and /ə/.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the natural class of Mandarin approximants?

<p>The natural class of Mandarin approximants is /j/, /w/, /ɥ/, and /l/.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is vowel tone? What are the four vowel tones of Mandarin?

<p>Vowel tone is the variation in pitch that is used to distinguish different words in a language. The four vowel tones of Mandarin are high, rising, dipping, and low.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do nasal vowels differ from oral vowels? What are the four nasal vowels of French?

<p>Nasal vowels are produced with the soft palate lowered, allowing air to escape through both the nose and mouth. Oral vowels are produced with the soft palate raised, allowing air to escape only through the mouth. The four French nasal vowels are /ɑ̃/, /ɛ̃/, /œ̃/, and /ɔ̃/.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What articulatory phonetic feature do all Spanish vowels share in common?

<p>All Spanish vowels are unrounded.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which language(s) that we studied is it true that all back vowels are rounded vowels and all rounded vowels are back vowels?

<p>In French, all back vowels are rounded vowels, and all rounded vowels are back vowels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between an implosive and a click?

<p>Implosives are created by sucking air into the mouth, while clicks are made by creating a suction in the mouth and then releasing it quickly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between an ejective and an implosive?

<p>Ejectives are produced by trapping air in the mouth and then suddenly releasing it, while implosives are made by sucking air into the mouth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a word was spelled with a single ‘r' in English, Spanish, French, and Mandarin (pinyin), what IPA symbols would each language use respectively?

<p>In English the ‘r’ would be represented by the symbol /ɹ/. In Spanish it would be /r/. In French it would be /ʁ/. In Mandarin it would be /r/ or /l/ depending on the tone used.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Write the word jarra in Spanish IPA.

<p>/xara/ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Write the word otoño in Spanish IPA.

<p>/otoɲo/ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Write the word rue in French IPA.

<p>/ʁy/ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Natural Class

A group of sounds that share one or more features and behave alike in phonological rules.

Pulmonic

A type of airflow used in speech production, where air is expelled from the lungs.

Non-Pulmonic

A type of airflow used in speech production, where air is not expelled from the lungs.

Ejective

A consonant produced by expelling air from the mouth by raising the larynx, creating a pressure buildup.

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Implosive

A consonant produced by drawing air into the mouth by lowering the larynx, creating a pressure decrease.

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Click

A consonant produced by creating a suction in the mouth by quickly separating the tongue from the roof of the mouth.

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Place of Articulation

The point where the airstream is obstructed in the vocal tract to produce a consonant.

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Manner of Articulation

The type of obstruction used to produce a consonant.

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Voicing

Whether vocal cords vibrate during consonant production.

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Vowel Height

How high or low the tongue is positioned in the mouth to produce a vowel.

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Vowel Backness

How far back or forward the tongue is positioned in the mouth to produce a vowel.

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Vowel Rounding

Whether the lips are rounded or spread to produce a vowel.

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Vowel Laxness

The degree of muscular tension used to produce a vowel.

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Allophone

A variation of a phoneme that doesn't change the meaning of a word.

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Spanish Fricatives

The sounds /f/, /s/, and /x/ in Spanish.

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Spanish Voiceless Stops

The sounds /p/, /t/, and /k/ in Spanish.

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Spanish High Vowels

The vowel sounds /i/ and /u/ in Spanish.

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Spanish Nasal Consonants

The sounds /m/, /n/, and /ɲ/ in Spanish.

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French Fricatives

The sounds /f/, /v/, /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, and /ʁ/ in French.

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French Voiced Consonants

Consonants in French that involve vocal cord vibration.

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French Nasal Vowels

The vowels /ɑ̃/, /ɛ̃/, /ɔ̃/, and /œ̃/ in French.

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French Rounded Vowels

The vowels /u/, /y/, /ø/, and /o/ in French.

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Mandarin Aspirated Consonants

Consonants in Mandarin that involve a puff of air released after the sound.

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Mandarin Affricates

Consonants in Mandarin that are made by combining a stop and a fricative sounds.

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Mandarin Back Vowels

The vowels /u/, /o/, /ɑ/, and /ɤ/ in Mandarin.

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Mandarin Approximants

Consonants in Mandarin where the airstream is only partially obstructed.

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Vowel Tone

The way the pitch of a vowel changes over time, creating different meanings in languages like Mandarin.

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Nasal Vowel

A vowel sound produced with air flowing through both the mouth and the nose.

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Spanish Vowel Feature

All Spanish vowels are unrounded, meaning the lips aren't rounded during their production.

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'R' Sound Variation

English uses /r/, Spanish uses /ɾ/, French uses /ʁ/, and Mandarin uses /ɻ/ to represent the 'r' sound.

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Study Notes

Articulatory Phonetics Study Guide

  • Definitions:

    • Natural Class: Group of sounds sharing similar phonetic properties
    • Pulmonic: Sounds produced using breath from the lungs
    • Non-pulmonic: Sounds produced using air from sources other than lungs (e.g., clicks)
    • Ejective: Sounds produced with a simultaneous release and a glottal constriction
    • Implosive: Sounds produced with an ingressive airflow and a glottal closure
    • Click: Sounds produced with a constriction or closure at some point in the vocal tract combined with a release of air from other parts

  • Consonant Features:

    • Three major phonetic features: Place, Manner, Voicing

  • Vowel Features:

    • Four major phonetic features: Height, Backness, Rounding, Tenseness

  • Using the IPA Chart:

    • Consonant Place: Locate on the chart based on articulation point
    • Consonant Manner: Locate on the chart by how air flows
    • Consonant Voicing: Determine if vocal cords vibrate
    • Vowel Height: Locate on the chart by tongue position (high, mid, low)
    • Vowel Backness: Locate on chart by tongue position in the front, center, or back of the mouth
    • Vowel Rounding/Non-Rounding: Locate on chart by whether lips are rounded or not
    • Vowel Lax/Tense: Determine the laxness or tenseness of a vowel based on characteristics

  • Stop Consonant Release:

    • English stops in word-final positions like 'talk' may be devoiced (lost their voicing).

Natural Classes of Sounds

  • Spanish Fricatives: Specify the natural class of Spanish fricative sounds.
  • Spanish Voiceless Stops: Specify the natural class of Spanish voiceless stop sounds
  • Spanish High Vowels: Specify the natural class of Spanish high vowel sounds
  • Spanish Nasal Consonants: Specify the natural class of Spanish nasal consonant sounds
  • French Fricatives: Specify the natural class of French fricative sounds
  • French Voiced Consonants: Specify the natural class of French voiced consonant sounds
  • French Nasal Vowels: Specify the natural class of French nasal vowel sounds
  • French Rounded Vowels: Specify the natural class of French rounded vowel sounds
  • Mandarin Aspirated Consonants: Specify the natural class of Mandarin aspirated consonant sounds
  • Mandarin Affricates: Specify the natural class of Mandarin affricates
  • Mandarin Back Vowels: Specify the natural class of Mandarin back vowels
  • Mandarin Approximants: Specify the natural class of Mandarin approximants

IPA Symbols & Descriptions

  • Provides IPA symbols, descriptions, and associated languages (English, etc.).

IPA Symbols and Their Languages Further Breakdown

Includes information on voiced bilabial stop, high front unrounded tense vowel, mid central unrounded lax vowel, voiced alveolar nasal, voiceless postalveolar fricative, nasal mid lax front unrounded vowel, voiced palatal approximant, voiced alveolar lateral approximant and voiceless dental fricative, and detailed descriptions. Further information on how Mandarin distinguishes certain consonant pairs.

Vowel Tone and Nasal Vowels

  • Vowel Tone (Mandarin):

    • Description of Mandarin vowel tones, including the four tones.

  • Nasal Vowels (French):

    • Identification of four nasal vowels in the French language.

  • Spanish Vowel Features:

    • Common features of Spanish vowels.

  • Differences Between Sounds:

    • Distinction (differences) between implosives and clicks
    • Distinction (differences) between ejectives and implosives
    • IPA symbols for English, Spanish, French, Mandarin words that use a single “r”

  • Writing Words in IPA:

    • Instructions for writing Spanish and French words using IPA (phonemic notation)

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Articulatory Phonetics Unit Study Guide PDF

Description

This quiz covers key concepts in articulatory phonetics, including natural classes of sounds, methods of sound production like pulmonic and non-pulmonic, and the major features of consonants and vowels. It also provides insights into using the IPA chart for identifying consonant characteristics. Test your understanding of these fundamental phonetic principles.

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