Article 1305 - Contracts

A contract that meets all legal requirements and is enforceable.

The steps involved in creating, agreeing upon, and completing a contract.

A contract made by someone without proper authority.

Approval of an unauthorized contract by the person on whose behalf it was made.

I give so that you may give; an example of an innominate contract.

I give so that you may do; an example of an innominate contract.

I do so that you may give; an example of an innominate contract.

I do so that you may do; an example of an innominate contract.

Contracts that require a specific form, such as a written document, to be valid.

A contract where both parties are obligated to do something, typically exchange goods or services.

A contract where one party gives a gift without expecting anything in return.

All essential elements of the contract are present, meeting legal requirements.

The reason or purpose behind a contract, motivating both parties to agree.

When interpreting a contract, the literal meaning of the words should prevail unless it contradicts the parties' clear intent.

Determining the meaning of the terms and words the contract uses.

The personal or private reasons why parties enter into a contract.

Consent of contracting parties, object certain which is the subject matter of the contract, and cause of obligation established.

The mutual agreement of the parties to the contract. It involves a meeting of the minds on the terms of the agreement.

The specific subject matter of the contract, which must be certain, lawful, and possible.

The reason or purpose behind the contract, which must be lawful and real.

Usually not considered a definite offer but rather an invitation to make an offer.

Unemancipated minors, insane or demented persons, and deaf-mutes who cannot write.

Periods of sanity for individuals with mental illness; contracts made during these intervals are valid.

A legal term meaning 'by operation of law'; parents are the legal guardians of their children.

A legally binding agreement where one party agrees to give or do something for another.

A contract with a specific name and predefined rules.

A contract without a specific name, based on agreed terms.

A contract where only one party is obligated.

A contract where both parties are obligated to the agreement.

The crucial components needed for a contract to be valid (Consent, Object, Cause).

Mutual agreement between parties in a contract.

The reason or purpose behind entering the contract.

The meeting of the minds between contracting parties, agreeing on the terms of the agreement.

The specific thing or subject matter of the contract. It must be clear, legal, and possible.

The reason or purpose behind entering the contract. It must be legal and real.

A contract that exists independently and does not rely on another contract for its existence, serving as a foundation for other related contracts.

A contract that depends on another (principal) contract for its existence and validity, adding extra conditions or terms.

A contract where each part is dependent upon the others for satisfactory performance. If one part fails, the entire contract fails.

A contract where one part can be performed independently of the others. If one part fails, the other parts can still be fulfilled.

A contract perfected by the mere consent of the parties regarding the subject matter and the cause of the contract.

A contract perfected by the delivery of the subject matter of the contract.

A contract requiring specific formalities prescribed by law to be valid. Missing these formalities renders the contract invalid.

The principles and laws that ensure public safety and well-being, including public health and morality, that contracts cannot violate.

A contract that can be canceled by one or both parties due to a problem with consent, like mistake, violence, or fraud.

Consent is valid when it is intelligent, free and voluntary, and conscious or spontaneous. It means the parties understand the terms, aren't forced, and make a deliberate choice.

A proposal made by one party to another indicating a willingness to enter into a contract. It must be certain and seriously intended.

The manifestation by the offeree that they agree to all terms of the offer. It must be absolute and clear.

These are problems that can affect the validity of consent in a contract. They include: error/mistake, violence/force, intimidation/threat/duress, undue influence, fraud/deceit.

A misunderstanding about the terms of the contract that can make it voidable if it relates to the main substance of the contract or the conditions that influenced the parties to agree.

Things that may or may not exist in the future, but have the potential to become real. These can be valid objects of a contract if their existence is possible.

No, future inheritance is generally NOT a valid object of a contract EXCEPT in cases specifically allowed by law.

The object of a contract must be legal, possible, and certain. This means it cannot violate laws, be impossible to fulfill, or be vague or unclear.

If a contract is based on a false reason, it is void unless another true and lawful reason can be proven.

Cause is the valid reason for a contract. Lack of cause means there is NO valid reason, making the contract void. It's different from inadequate cause (not enough reason).

Services are work or actions that can be the object of a contract, as long as they are legal and not against public order.

Not revealing important facts when there's a duty to do so, like in confidential relationships, is considered fraud.

Inchoate Rights are rights that are not yet fully formed or realized but have the potential to become actual rights in the future.

An example of Inchoate Rights is the right of inheritance, where someone has the potential to inherit property in the future but the right is not yet established.

'Illegality of Cause' means that the reason or motivation behind a contract is unlawful or illegal. This makes the contract invalid.

Falsity of Cause means that the contract states a valid reason or purpose, but that reason is not actually true.

Lesion is a significant disparity between the value of a contract's subject matter and the agreed price, resulting in a substantial loss for one party.

The two types of Impossibility in contracts are: 1) Physical Impossibility: The subject of the contract cannot be performed, either absolutely or relatively. 2) Legal Impossibility: The contract is against the law.

The 'form of contracts' refers to the manner in which a contract is executed or manifested. This includes how it is written, signed, and witnessed.

Formal contracts require a specific form or formality for validity while Informal contracts are valid regardless of the form being used, as long as all essential requirements are in place.

An error in a contract caused by ignorance of a law, its interpretation, or its legal effect. This does not usually void a contract, as the saying goes, "ignorance of the law excuses no one from compliance therewith."

A threat or force strong enough to overwhelm someone's will to make them enter into a contract. It must be serious or irresistible to be considered violence.

Entering into a contract due to fear of a serious harm to yourself, your family, or your property. The harm must be imminent and grave.

When someone not involved in the contract provides false information, potentially causing a mistake in the agreement. The mistake must be substantial and mutual (both parties involved) to affect the contract's validity.

Providing false information unknowingly. It is not considered fraudulent, but it still may cause an error in a contract.

Deliberately giving false information to trick someone into a contract. This can make the contract voidable if it's serious and not used by both parties.

A major deception that makes someone agree to a contract incorrectly. It can lead to the contract being annulled or result in a damage claim.

To be valid, causal fraud must be severe, not known by the other party, and used by only one party. If both parties participate in fraud, it is not grounds to void the contract.