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Questions and Answers
Which characteristic is NOT associated with all arthropods?
Which characteristic is NOT associated with all arthropods?
- Exoskeleton made of chitin
- Bilaterally symmetrical and segmented body
- Three distinct body regions (correct)
- Presence of jointed appendages
The exoskeleton of terrestrial arthropods provides resistance to which environmental factor?
The exoskeleton of terrestrial arthropods provides resistance to which environmental factor?
- Predation
- Ultraviolet radiation
- Extreme temperatures
- Desiccation (correct)
Molting in arthropods is directly required for which of the following?
Molting in arthropods is directly required for which of the following?
- Regeneration of lost appendages
- Camouflage
- Sexual maturity (correct)
- Finding a mate
The tagmata of an arthropod refers to the:
The tagmata of an arthropod refers to the:
Which subphylum of arthropods contains the spiders, scorpions, ticks, and mites?
Which subphylum of arthropods contains the spiders, scorpions, ticks, and mites?
Which of the following subphyla contains organisms that are predominantly marine?
Which of the following subphyla contains organisms that are predominantly marine?
What is a key characteristic that distinguishes Class Chilopoda from Class Diplopoda?
What is a key characteristic that distinguishes Class Chilopoda from Class Diplopoda?
Which of the following describes the body of a centipede?
Which of the following describes the body of a centipede?
In Class Insecta, which body segment is responsible for locomotion?
In Class Insecta, which body segment is responsible for locomotion?
What is the function of cerci in cockroaches?
What is the function of cerci in cockroaches?
What is the pedicel in spiders?
What is the pedicel in spiders?
The chelicerae of arachnids are primarily used for:
The chelicerae of arachnids are primarily used for:
Which of the following orders of Class Insecta contains the beetles?
Which of the following orders of Class Insecta contains the beetles?
What is the function of the halteres in the order Diptera?
What is the function of the halteres in the order Diptera?
Which order of insects has mouthparts adapted for piercing and sucking and legs adapted for jumping?
Which order of insects has mouthparts adapted for piercing and sucking and legs adapted for jumping?
What is a key morphological feature of insects in the order Hemiptera?
What is a key morphological feature of insects in the order Hemiptera?
In what way does metamerism enhance evolutionary success in arthropods?
In what way does metamerism enhance evolutionary success in arthropods?
Which feature is a critical adaption that allows arthropods to thrive in diverse terrestrial environments?
Which feature is a critical adaption that allows arthropods to thrive in diverse terrestrial environments?
How does the presence of jointed appendages contribute to the ecological diversity and success of arthropods?
How does the presence of jointed appendages contribute to the ecological diversity and success of arthropods?
What role does metamorphosis play in reducing intraspecific competition among arthropods, especially insects?
What role does metamorphosis play in reducing intraspecific competition among arthropods, especially insects?
Compared to other arthropod groups, what unique challenge do small insects face, and how does their physiology help them overcome it?
Compared to other arthropod groups, what unique challenge do small insects face, and how does their physiology help them overcome it?
Consider the ecological roles arthropods play. Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the impact of widespread arthropod decline on an ecosystem?
Consider the ecological roles arthropods play. Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the impact of widespread arthropod decline on an ecosystem?
How does the presence of an exoskeleton impact an arthropod's growth, and what process is essential to allow for growth and development?
How does the presence of an exoskeleton impact an arthropod's growth, and what process is essential to allow for growth and development?
Arthropods in this subphylum possess two pairs of antennae, comprise mostly marine species, and include crabs and shrimp. Which subphylum is described?
Arthropods in this subphylum possess two pairs of antennae, comprise mostly marine species, and include crabs and shrimp. Which subphylum is described?
How do the specialized mouthparts of Diptera (flies and mosquitoes) contribute to their role as vectors of diseases?
How do the specialized mouthparts of Diptera (flies and mosquitoes) contribute to their role as vectors of diseases?
What unique adaptations do parasitic arthropods, such as fleas (Siphonaptera), possess that enable them to efficiently exploit their hosts?
What unique adaptations do parasitic arthropods, such as fleas (Siphonaptera), possess that enable them to efficiently exploit their hosts?
Considering the diverse feeding strategies among arthropods, how does the structure of an arthropod's mouthparts specifically correlate with its diet?
Considering the diverse feeding strategies among arthropods, how does the structure of an arthropod's mouthparts specifically correlate with its diet?
Many arthropods undergo complete metamorphosis, transitioning through distinct larval, pupal, and adult stages. What is a significant ecological consequence of this life cycle strategy?
Many arthropods undergo complete metamorphosis, transitioning through distinct larval, pupal, and adult stages. What is a significant ecological consequence of this life cycle strategy?
Which statement explains the phenomenon of “Convergent Evolution” of adaptations in insects and mammals?
Which statement explains the phenomenon of “Convergent Evolution” of adaptations in insects and mammals?
Based on the characteristics, which one of the following arthropod groups can be considered most vital for medical studies?
Based on the characteristics, which one of the following arthropod groups can be considered most vital for medical studies?
While examining the features of varied arthropod species, a student observes an organism which is mostly terrestrial, comprising one pair of antennae, and a segmented body. It shows similarity to which class in arthropods?
While examining the features of varied arthropod species, a student observes an organism which is mostly terrestrial, comprising one pair of antennae, and a segmented body. It shows similarity to which class in arthropods?
While studying the ecological interactions of various classes of arthropods, a researcher observed an arthropod with a segmented body, an exoskeleton made of chitin, and jointed appendages, and its lifecycle involves molting. How do these features work together in environmental conditions?
While studying the ecological interactions of various classes of arthropods, a researcher observed an arthropod with a segmented body, an exoskeleton made of chitin, and jointed appendages, and its lifecycle involves molting. How do these features work together in environmental conditions?
Based on the information in the text, which feature is critical in enabling ticks and mosquitoes to consume blood from warm-blooded hosts?
Based on the information in the text, which feature is critical in enabling ticks and mosquitoes to consume blood from warm-blooded hosts?
If a new species of arthropod is discovered and it is determined to have two distinct body regions (a cephalothorax and an abdomen), no antennae, and chelicerae, to which class does it most likely belong?
If a new species of arthropod is discovered and it is determined to have two distinct body regions (a cephalothorax and an abdomen), no antennae, and chelicerae, to which class does it most likely belong?
In an ecosystem heavily affected by pesticide use, certain arthropod populations have drastically declined, while others remain relatively stable. What is a likely reason for the differential impact on arthropod populations?
In an ecosystem heavily affected by pesticide use, certain arthropod populations have drastically declined, while others remain relatively stable. What is a likely reason for the differential impact on arthropod populations?
How does the ability to undergo metamorphosis contribute to the success and diversification of insects, particularly in competitive environments?
How does the ability to undergo metamorphosis contribute to the success and diversification of insects, particularly in competitive environments?
Researchers are evaluating different arthropod specimens from a tropical rainforest. Which specimens do the researchers classify under the class Arachnida and what characteristics provide a logical rational behind that decision?
Researchers are evaluating different arthropod specimens from a tropical rainforest. Which specimens do the researchers classify under the class Arachnida and what characteristics provide a logical rational behind that decision?
Flashcards
Arthropods
Arthropods
Largest phylum in the animal kingdom; 84% of known animal species.
Common Arthropod Traits
Common Arthropod Traits
Bilaterally symmetrical, segmented body, jointed appendages, hardened exoskeleton of chitin.
General Insect Body Regions
General Insect Body Regions
Head, thorax, and abdomen.
Examples of Chelicerata
Examples of Chelicerata
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Examples of Crustacea
Examples of Crustacea
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Examples of Hexapoda/Insecta
Examples of Hexapoda/Insecta
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Examples of Myriapoda
Examples of Myriapoda
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Centipede Morphology
Centipede Morphology
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Millipede Morphology
Millipede Morphology
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Crab Morphology
Crab Morphology
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Spider Morphology
Spider Morphology
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Scorpion Morphology
Scorpion Morphology
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Insect Morphology
Insect Morphology
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Mite morphology
Mite morphology
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Beetle Morphology
Beetle Morphology
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Fly/Mosquito Morphology
Fly/Mosquito Morphology
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Flea Morphology
Flea Morphology
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Bug Morphology
Bug Morphology
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Grasshopper/Cockroach Morphology
Grasshopper/Cockroach Morphology
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Class Chilopoda
Class Chilopoda
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Class Diplopoda
Class Diplopoda
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Class Crustacea Characteristics
Class Crustacea Characteristics
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Class Arachnida
Class Arachnida
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Class Insecta
Class Insecta
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Study Notes
- Arthropods belong to the Phylum Arthropoda.
- They represent 84% of the animal kingdom.
- Arthropods have bilaterally symmetrical and segmented bodies.
- Jointed appendages facilitate feeding and enhance dispersal.
- A hardened exoskeleton made of chitin provides resistance to desiccation.
- Arthropod development involves growth and metamorphosis through molting.
- Adult stages may differ significantly from immature stages.
- The generalized insect body is divided into three distinct regions: head, thorax, and abdomen.
CLASSIFICATION OF ARTHROPODS
- Arthropod bodies consist of numerous segments that may be fused.
- Medical entomology focuses on four subphyla of extant arthropods.
- The division of the body region, known as tagma (plural tagmata), distinguishes each class.
Subphyla
- Chelicerata includes spiders, scorpions, ticks, and mites, all within the class Arachnida.
- Crustacea includes crabs, copepods, lobsters, and shrimps, mostly marine species.
- Hexapoda/Insecta is the class to which all insects belong, including cockroaches, silverfish, bees, and butterflies.
- Myriapoda (including Diplopoda and Chilopoda) has only a few representatives significant to medical entomology, such as millipedes and centipedes.
Class Chilopoda - Centipede
- Body is elongated, segmented, and dorsoventrally flat.
- 15 to 170 segments, each with a pair of tracheal openings and jointed legs.
- Distinct head has one pair of antennae, a strong mandible, and two pairs of maxillae.
Class Diplopoda - Millipede
- Long cylindrical body with many segments.
- Each has two pairs of legs and two spiracles for most segments.
- Short and inconspicuous legs and antennae.
Class Crustacea
- Includes crabs, shrimp and copepods.
- Have 2 pairs of antennae.
- Have at least 5 pairs of walking legs.
Class Crustacea: Crabs
- Segmented cephalothorax and adbomen.
- Cephalothorax is covered in carapace
- Abdomen segments have swimmerets
- One pair of eyes and antennae
- 5 pairs of legs the first of which is modified into chelae (large pincers)
Class Arachnida
- Consists of scorpions, spiders, mites and ticks
- Lack antennae
- Have 2 body segments, cephalothorax and abdomen
- Primary appendages arising from the cephalothorax are called chelicerae.
- Secondary pair of appendages are called pedipalps
- Have 4 pairs of legs
Class Arachnida: Order Araneida
- Body regions include the cephalothorax and abdomen joined by a pedicel/stalk.
- Cephalothorax bears 8 anterior eyes.
- Six pairs of appendages on the cephalothorax: chelicerae (claw-like) and pedipalpi (leg-like).
Class Insecta
- Largest and most important arthropod class.
- There are 3 body regions: head, thorax, abdomen.
- They have 6 pairs of legs, 1 pair of antennae and simple eyes.
Important Orders
- Hymenoptera
- Lepidoptera
- Coleoptera
- Diptera
- Siphonaptera
- Hemiptera
- Anoplura
- Orthoptera
Class Insecta: Order Anoplura
- Males are 2-3mm and females are 3-4mm
- Dorsoventrally flattened
- Antennae have 5 segments
- Short and stout clinging-type legs
Order Acarina: Mites
- Round and oval shaped with dorsoventrally flattened
- Head, thorax, and abdomen are fused
- Lack body segmentation
- Modified anterior part form capitulum
- Capitulum consists of a hypostome and pair of chelicerea and palpi
- Adults have 4 pairs of legs
Order Hymenoptera
- Usually has 2 pairs of wings
- Membranous and smaller hind wings
- Mothparts designed for chewing or chewing-lapping
- Antennae made up of 10+ segments
- Some are geniculate
- Females have a piercing organ that's saw-like structure called sting
Order Lepidoptera: Butterflies and Moths
- 4 Large wings
- Membranous and covered with overlapping scales
- Body and appendages are covered in scales
- Mothparts for sucking
- Antennae is long and slender
Order Coleoptera: Beetles
- Can be winged or wingless.
- Those with wings include the Elytra that are thorny and horny without veins or a hind wing that is membranous
- Stout body
Order Diptera: Mosquitoes and Flies
- With 1 pair of membranous wings
- Halteres - the hind wings are small like structures
- Antennae are variable, often soft, segmented and inconspicuous
- Has compound eyes
- Tarsi mostly have 5 segments
Order Siphonaptera Fleas
- Wingless
- Laterally compressed
- Mothparts adapted for piercing and sucking
- Has clubbed antennae
- Legs are adapted for jumping
Order Hemiptera Bugs
- Has 2 pairs of wings
- Hemi-elytra, the front wings which thickened at the base of the apical portion of the membranous overlapped when not in use
- Mothparts designed for piercing-sucking type without the palpi
- Bodies are usually broad and flattened dorsoventrally
- Thorax and abdomen are broadly joined
Order Orthoptera
- Has 2 pairs of wings
- Front wing long with prominent venation, others absent
- Hind wing are membranous
- Mothparts designed for chewing
- Antennae - with many segments
- Maybe filamentous or setaceous type
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