Arthropoda Subphyla Overview

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Questions and Answers

What feature distinguishes the Chelicerata subphylum from others in Arthropoda?

  • Presence of antennae
  • Jointed legs with segmented bodies
  • Two pair of antennae
  • Cephalothorax and chelicerae (correct)

Which of the following is true about the respiratory structures of Arachnids?

  • They breathe through gills.
  • They do not respire.
  • They respire using book lungs or tracheal tubes. (correct)
  • They have spiracles leading to tracheae.

Which characteristic is unique to centipedes compared to millipedes?

  • They have more legs per segment.
  • They often role into a ball for protection.
  • They possess a pair of poison claws. (correct)
  • They are primarily detritus feeders.

What defines the primary diet of Crustacea?

<p>Carnivores, filter feeders, and parasitic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical feature do crayfish lack that is present in many other Arthropods?

<p>Pedipalps (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of Echinodermata sets them apart from other animal phyla?

<p>Radial symmetry (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of an insect's body is responsible for holding the legs and wings?

<p>Thorax (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the tracheal tubes in insects?

<p>Respiration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do brittle stars primarily acquire food?

<p>Detritus feeding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which echinoderm group is known for having tube feet used for movement?

<p>Asteroidea (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which reproductive strategy is exhibited by some starfish?

<p>External fertilization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of circulatory system is found in mollusks like squid and octopus?

<p>Closed circulatory system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in gastropods is primarily used for feeding?

<p>Radula (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do sea cucumbers primarily use their tube feet?

<p>For feeding and movement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of skeleton do Echinodermata possess?

<p>Endoskeleton (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mollusk has two shells hinged together?

<p>Bivalvia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is true about the nervous system of Echinodermata?

<p>Simple nerve net with no head (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary means of locomotion in starfish?

<p>Tube feet (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of echinoderms is known for its filter-feeding mechanism?

<p>Crinoidea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<h1>=</h1> <h1>=</h1> Signup and view all the answers

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Flashcards

Chelicerata

A subphylum of arthropods characterized by having a cephalothorax (fused head and thorax) and abdomen, with a pair of chelicerae (pincers) and pedipalps (sensory appendages). Examples include spiders, scorpions, and mites.

Arachnids

A large group within Chelicerata that includes spiders, scorpions, mites, and ticks.

Chelicerae

The first pair of appendages in Chelicerates, used for grasping prey, injecting venom, or sensory purposes.

Pedipalps

The second pair of appendages in Chelicerates, used for sensing, manipulating prey, or walking in some species.

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Crustacea

A subphylum of arthropods that includes crustaceans, like crabs, lobsters, and shrimp. They are typically aquatic and have a hard exoskeleton, two pairs of antennae, and specialized appendages for various functions like feeding and locomotion.

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Insects

A group of animals with three body segments: head, thorax, and abdomen.

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Insect Head

The first body segment of an insect, containing the mouth, antennae, and eyes.

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Insect Thorax

The middle body segment of an insect, where legs and wings are attached.

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Insect Abdomen

The last body segment of an insect, containing the reproductive organs and digestive system.

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Tracheal Tubes

A network of tubes in insects that allows them to breathe air directly.

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Insect Wing Muscles

Special muscles in insects that allow them to flap their wings rapidly.

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Echinodermata

A phylum of marine animals with radial symmetry and an internal skeleton.

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Radial Symmetry

The symmetry where body parts are arranged around a central axis, like the spokes of a wheel.

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Endoskeleton

A skeleton on the inside of the body, made of bony plates.

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Asteroidea (Starfish)

A class of echinoderms known for their five-pointed arms and tube feet used for movement.

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Ophiuroidea (Brittle Stars)

A class of echinoderms known for their long, flexible arms and ability to shed arms when attacked.

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Echinoidea

A class of echinoderms that includes sea urchins and sand dollars, known for their spiny shells and radial symmetry.

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Holothuroidea (Sea Cucumbers)

A class of echinoderms with elongated bodies and modified tube feet that they use for movement and feeding.

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Crinoidea

A class of echinoderms that includes sea lilies and feather stars, known for their filter feeding lifestyle.

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Water Vascular System

A system of fluid-filled canals and tube feet in echinoderms that helps with movement, feeding, and respiration.

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Mollusca

A phylum of invertebrates with a muscular foot, a mantle, and a shell.

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Study Notes

Arthropoda (Subphyla)

  • Trilobita:

    • Oldest (Cambrian Period)
    • Extinct

  • Chelicerata:

    • Cephalothorax: Anterior region—brain, eyes, mouth, esophagus; Posterior region—front of digestive system, pairs of legs
    • Abdomen: Internal organs
    • Mouthparts: First pair—chelicerae; Second pair—pedipalps (longer)
    • No "feelers" on head
    • Respiration: Book gills, book lungs, tracheal tubes
    • Eurypterids: Extinct, 3 meters long
    • Horseshoe Crabs: 5 species
    • Arachnids:
      • Cephalothorax: 4 pairs of legs
      • Pedipalps for capturing prey
      • Chelicerae for biting
      • Respiration: Book lungs, tracheal tubes

  • Crustacea:

    • Aquatic
    • Carnivores, filter feeders, parasitic
    • Appendages:
      • 1st 2 pairs: Feelers, sensory hairs
      • 3rd pair: Mandibles (mouthparts)

Arthropoda (Subphyla)

  • Insects:
    • 3-part body (head, thorax, abdomen)
    • 3 pairs of legs (on thorax)
    • 1 pair antennae, 1 pair compound eyes
    • 2 pairs of wings (on thorax)
    • Tracheal tubes for respiration
    • Bees: Hair collects pollen; saliva changes nectar to honey (easier to digest); special large muscle for wings; require ATP (energy) via mitochondria.
    • Centipedes: Carnivores; pair of poison claws; 1 pair of legs per segment (except first 3)
    • Millipedes: Detritus feeders; 2 pairs of legs per segment; live under decaying logs (moist)

Echinodermata (Spiny-Skin)

  • Radial symmetry
  • Endoskeleton
  • Respiration: Diffusion through thin walls
  • Digestion: Solid food through tube feet and thin digestive layer
  • Excretion: Ammonia release through tube feet
  • Movement: Tube feet and muscles
  • Reproduction: Some monoecious, others release gametes externally.

Mollusca

  • Polyplacophora (chitons):

    • Shell; radula
    • Open circulatory; simple nervous system; external fertilization

  • Gastropoda (snails and slugs):

    • Shell (some have no shell); radula
    • Open circulatory; simple nervous system; external fertilization

  • Bivalvia (clams, oysters, scallops):

    • 2 shells; no radula
    • Open circulatory; simple nervous system; external fertilization; siphons

  • Cephalopoda (squids, octopuses, nautiluses):

    • No shell (except nautiluses); radula
    • Closed circulatory; well-developed nervous system; internal fertilization; squids and octopuses have chromatophores (color-changing skin cells).

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