Art History: Paul Cézanne
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Questions and Answers

What is the title of Dorothea Lange's famous photograph from 1936?

Migrant Mother

Which artist created the mural titled Guernica?

  • Pablo Picasso (correct)
  • Jackson Pollock
  • Salvador Dalí
  • Frida Kahlo

    • Picasso considered Guernica to be purely a political statement against fascism.

    False

    What artistic device did Picasso use in Guernica to convey a nightmarish scene?

    <p>Cubism and Surrealism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technique involves allowing the hand to move randomly across the paper?

    <p>Automatic drawing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is photomontage?

    <p>A photograph in which prints are combined to form a new image.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a readymade in art?

    <p>An ordinary object transformed into art by an artist's context and title.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A cantilevered construction is a projecting beam or member supported at only one ______.

    <p>end</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Oppenheim's work?

    <p>To trigger the unconscious and evoke associations related to eroticism, sensuality, desire, and anxiety.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who designed the Robie House?

    <p>Frank Lloyd Wright</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What year was the Robie House designed?

    <p>1908-1910</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable feature of Frank Lloyd Wright's architecture?

    <p>Integration with nature and organic growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What architectural style is associated with Gerrit Rietveld's Schröder House?

    <p>De Stijl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the names of the three wings of the Bauhaus building designed by Walter Gropius?

    <p>Shop Block, classrooms, auditorium/theater.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Villa Savoye known for?

    <p>Its embodiment of Le Corbusier's five points of architecture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What innovative photographic technique did Man Ray popularize?

    <p>Photogram.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What artistic movement is Piet Mondrian associated with?

    <p>Geometric abstraction and De Stijl.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What theme does Jacob Lawrence highlight in his Migration Series?

    <p>The reasons for black migration and their experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Frida Kahlo's painting 'The Two Fridas', what does the European Frida represent?

    <p>Her father's Hungarian Jewish ancestry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major style of art emerged in the new century under Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque?

    <p>Cubism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which work did Picasso unveil in 1907 that shocked his contemporaries?

    <p>Les Demoiselles d'Avignon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Matisse and Picasso maintained a friendly rivalry until Picasso's death in 1954.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What medium did Picasso use for 'Les Demoiselles d'Avignon'?

    <p>Oil on Canvas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Pablo Picasso's intellectual partner that helped him develop Cubism?

    <p>Georges Braque</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the title of Braque's painting from 1911 that exemplifies Analytic Cubism?

    <p>The Portuguese</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What innovative technique did Picasso and Braque employ in their later works, particularly in collages?

    <p>Synthetic Cubism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main theme explored in Picasso's 'Guitar, Sheet Music, and Wine Glass'?

    <p>Music and abstraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which year did Kandinsky begin his series of paintings called 'Compositions'?

    <p>1910</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant motif appears frequently in Kandinsky's early works?

    <p>A rider on a horse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Boccioni's 'States of Mind: The Farewells' capture in terms of art style?

    <p>Motion and dynamic energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artist is known for developing the abstract language that includes geometric shapes and colors, as seen in 'Airplane Flying'?

    <p>Kazimir Malevich</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Duchamp's notable technique in 'Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2'?

    <p>Sequential movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Duchamp believed that the title of a work is as important as the artwork itself.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What year was 'Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2' created?

    <p>1912</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is the artist of 'Unique Forms of Continuity in Space'?

    <p>Boccioni</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What medium was used for 'The Traveler' by Lyubov Popova?

    <p>Oil on Canvas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What year was 'Mystery and Melancholy of a Street' created?

    <p>1914</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a collage?

    <p>A piece of art made by sticking various different materials onto a backing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are nonobjective paintings?

    <p>Abstract art</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year was Duchamp's 'Fountain' created?

    <p>1917</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who created 'Cut with the Kitchen Knife Dada Through the Last Weimar Beer Belly Cultural Epoch of Germany'?

    <p>Hannah Höch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medium of 'The Persistence of Memory' by Salvador Dalí?

    <p>Oil on Canvas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the title of Meret Oppenheim's Surrealist piece made with fur?

    <p>Object (Luncheon in Fur)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The artist Boccioni is known for the piece Unique Forms of Continuity in ______.

    <p>Space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Boccioni used ______ism in the application of his artwork in States of Mind I: Farewells.

    <p>Division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is the artist of the piece 'Still Life with Apples in a Bowl'?

    <p>Paul Cézanne</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What medium was used for 'Still Life with Apples in a Bowl'?

    <p>Oil on Canvas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What year was 'Still Life with Apples in a Bowl' created?

    <p>1879-1883</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who created 'Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte'?

    <p>Georges Seurat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What medium was used for 'Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte'?

    <p>Oil on Canvas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What year was 'Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte' created?

    <p>1884-1886</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artist is known for the piece 'La Goulue'?

    <p>Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What year was 'La Goulue' created?

    <p>1891</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary medium used in 'La Goulue'?

    <p>Colored Lithographic Poster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who painted 'Starry Night'?

    <p>Vincent van Gogh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What medium was used for 'Starry Night'?

    <p>Oil on Canvas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What year was 'Starry Night' created?

    <p>1889</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the title of Paul Gauguin's painting that features women after a sermon?

    <p>The Vision after the Sermon (Jacob Wrestling with the Angel)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What medium was used for 'The Vision after the Sermon'?

    <p>Oil on Canvas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What year was 'The Vision after the Sermon' created?

    <p>1897</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the bronze sculpture created by Auguste Rodin?

    <p>The Thinker</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What year was 'The Thinker' created?

    <p>1879-1887</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is the artist behind 'City of Ambition'?

    <p>Alfred Stieglitz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What year was 'City of Ambition' created?

    <p>1910</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'Primitivism' in the context of art?

    <p>The appropriation of non-Western art styles by Modern era artists.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'lithography' refer to?

    <p>The process of printing from a flat surface treated to repel ink.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Post-Impressionism?

    <p>Form, Symbolism, and Abstraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is the artist of 'Le Bonheur de Vivre (The Joy of Life)'?

    <p>Henri Matisse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What year was 'Le Bonheur de Vivre' created?

    <p>1905-06</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Frank Lloyd Wright and the Robie House

    • Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959) studied engineering at the University of Wisconsin and worked for architect Louis Sullivan.
    • Known for domestic architecture, Wright's Prairie Houses accentuate the relationship between nature and structure.
    • The Frederick C. Robie House, designed between 1908-1910 in Chicago, is considered a significant example of modern architecture.
    • Characterized by its horizontal lines and integration with the landscape, the house features an abstract play of space.
    • Dramatic cantilevered roofs and lack of traditional walls allow for fluid movement between interior and exterior spaces.
    • Wright’s design philosophy was inspired by organic growth, where architecture evolves like nature or a crystal.

    Gerrit Rietveld and the Schröder House

    • Gerrit Rietveld (1888-1964), a self-taught architect and furniture maker, contributed to the De Stijl movement.
    • The Schröder House, built in 1924 in Utrecht, exemplifies Neo-Plasticism through its floating rectangles and dynamic spaces.
    • Designed with sliding panels, the interior allows for adaptable spaces, embodying the principles of fluidity and harmony.
    • The house fuses elements of Mondrian's aesthetic and Wright's architectural fluidity, creating a three-dimensional interpretation of De Stijl.

    Walter Gropius and the Bauhaus

    • Designed by Walter Gropius in 1925-26, the Bauhaus building in Dessau represents High Modernist architecture.
    • The complex consists of three wings, including the glass-walled Shop Block, symbolizing lightness and geometric precision.
    • The aesthetic emphasizes floating structures, encapsulated in thin membranes, challenging previous architectural norms.
    • Gropius’s work symbolizes a social movement aiming to enhance life through design, intertwining form with functional philosophy.

    Le Corbusier and Villa Savoye

    • Villa Savoye (1928-1929) in Poissy-sur-Seine is a key example of Le Corbusier's "Five Points of a New Architecture."
    • Features include pilotis (columns), a flat roof with a terrace, and ribbon windows promoting openness and light.
    • The design merges classic geometry with modernist ideals, illustrating Le Corbusier's vision of architecture as a "machine for living."
    • Emphasizes the balance between technology and human-centered design, promoting an organic interaction with light and space.

    Man Ray and Untitled from Champs délicieux

    • Man Ray (1890-1976) was an innovative American artist within the Dada movement, known for his photographic experimentation.
    • Popularized the photogram, producing unique cameraless images by placing objects on photographic paper.
    • His work challenged traditional photography, merging Dada's randomness with Surrealism's evocative qualities.
    • The "rayographs" demonstrate a dreamlike quality, where solid objects create ghostlike silhouettes in a poetic interplay of light and shadow.

    Piet Mondrian and Composition with Red, Blue, and Yellow

    • Mondrian (1872-1944) pursued geometric abstraction, achieving a signature style by 1919.
    • "Composition with Red, Blue, and Yellow" (1930) exemplifies his asymmetrical balance, with equal weight given to lines and rectangles.
    • Each element exists independently, contributing to a sense of harmony and spiritual unity, a concept he termed "dynamic equilibrium."
    • The painting reflects the complexity of the universe while maintaining a visually balanced aesthetic.

    Jacob Lawrence and In the North the Negro Had Better Educational Facilities

    • Jacob Lawrence (1917-2000) is renowned for his Migration Series, exploring the Black experience in America.
    • Piece number 58, depicting schoolgirls in bright dresses, emphasizes education's uplifting potential and collective spirit.
    • Lawrence's work utilizes abstraction to convey emotions, with a focus on the human experience rather than individual identity.
    • The geometry of the composition reinforces a disciplined approach to education and the hope for a better future.

    Frida Kahlo and The Two Fridas

    • "The Two Fridas" (1939) reflects Frida Kahlo's dual heritage and personal struggles during her divorce from Diego Rivera.
    • The painting contrasts her two identities: the European Frida, adorned in Victorian dress, and the Mexican Frida, dressed as a peasant.
    • It symbolically depicts the emotional and cultural disconnect from her indigenous roots, with the bleeding connection to Rivera portraying personal loss.### Paul Cézanne: Still Life with Apples in a Bowl
    • Artist Paul Cézanne created "Still Life with Apples in a Bowl" between 1879 and 1883 using oil on canvas.
    • Cézanne's work features a balance of elements, such as apples in a compote and dish, and folds of cloth.
    • The piece exhibits a tension between physical presence and spatial disorientation; the tabletop tilts forward rather than receding.
    • Cézanne's approach combines abstraction with personal aesthetic order, emphasizing the medium of paint over realistic depiction.

    Georges Seurat: Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte

    • Georges Seurat's "Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte" was painted from 1884 to 1886, using oil on canvas.
    • Seurat sought to elevate Impressionism, reflecting a monumental and historical artistic approach while echoing the styles of Manet and Monet.
    • The painting features recognizable middle-class figures engaging in leisure, rendered in a stylized, icon-like manner influenced by Vitruvius’ principles of form.
    • It marked the transition from the Impressionist era to Post-Impressionism, as Seurat meticulously planned and studied each element.

    Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec: La Goulue

    • "La Goulue," created in 1891, is a colored lithographic poster by Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec depicting dancer Louise Weber, famed for her cancan performance.
    • Toulouse-Lautrec's work embodies caricature, showcasing the bohemian nightlife of Montmartre with a contrast between La Goulue’s energy and the eerie presence of other figures.
    • His style features flat silhouettes influenced by Japanese art and Edgar Degas but moves towards abstract minimalism.
    • The poster reflects the decadence of fin-de-siècle Paris and critiques the vacuity of modern life through visual rhythm.

    Vincent van Gogh: Starry Night

    • Painted in 1889 while in a mental institution, "Starry Night" embodies Van Gogh's longing for harmony and connection to universal forces.
    • The painting juxtaposes serene rural homes with a vibrant, expressive night sky filled with swirling stars and a towering cypress tree.
    • Van Gogh's use of color and brushwork emphasizes emotion and personal symbolism, creating an otherworldly vision distinct from Realism and Impressionism.
    • Despite its beauty, the work emerges from Van Gogh's turbulent mental state and foreshadows his tragic end.

    Paul Gauguin: The Vision after the Sermon

    • "The Vision after the Sermon," painted in 1897, showcases Gauguin's stylistic influences from medieval glass and Japanese prints.
    • The painting features Breton women engrossed in a spiritual vision of Jacob wrestling an angel, presented on a striking red background.
    • Gauguin captures an ethereal quality where elements appear to float, invoking a sense of mysticism and religious fervor.
    • The composition reflects Gauguin's exploration of spirituality in mundane scenarios, emphasizing flat planes of color and curvilinear forms.

    Auguste Rodin: The Thinker

    • "The Thinker," created between 1879 and 1887 in bronze, originated from a sculpture detail of The Gates of Hell.
    • Rodin favored molding over carving, resulting in figures with organic quality and rough textures, emphasizing their emotional depth.
    • His works challenge Classical ideals by presenting distorted forms that convey primordial human experiences and inner turmoil.
    • The Thinker's heavy limbs and pose symbolize profound contemplation and struggle, exemplifying Rodin's expressive sculptural approach.

    Alfred Stieglitz: City of Ambition

    • "City of Ambition," a 1910 photogravure by Alfred Stieglitz, depicts New York’s skyline with Romantic atmospheric qualities amidst modernity.
    • Stieglitz, a Pictorialist photographer, emphasized the city’s grandeur while capturing its essence through soft focus and meteorological effects.
    • He positioned New York as an emblem of American superiority through its towering skyscrapers amidst nature’s elements.
    • The composition integrates light and shadow to convey the city's monumental scale while suggesting a harmony with natural forces.

    Eadweard Muybridge: Untitled (sequence of photographs of the trot and gallop)

    • In 1878, Eadweard Muybridge studied animal locomotion, producing sequential photographs that confirmed all four horse legs leave the ground.
    • His methods, facilitated by a setup of 12 cameras, captured motion, influencing artists like Degas in their depictions of movement.
    • Muybridge later produced extensive studies capturing dynamics, highlighting the evolving tempo of life in the industrial age.
    • His work laid the groundwork for future explorations in motion and modern photographic techniques.

    Primitivism

    • Primitivism involves modern artists' adoption of non-Western art forms, such as African and tribal influences, to innovate within avant-garde movements.
    • This artistic appropriation extends to children’s art and expressions of the mentally ill, emphasizing raw, authentic forms.

    Lithography

    • Lithography is a printing technique that utilizes a flat surface, treated to repel ink except where printing is desired, allowing for detailed image creation.

    Post-Impressionism: Form, Symbolism, and Abstraction

    • Post-Impressionism aims to explore deeper emotional and symbolic meanings through form and color, diverging from the fleeting effects typical of Impressionism.

    Henri Matisse: Le Bonheur de Vivre (The Joy of Life)

    • "Le Bonheur de Vivre," painted in 1905-06, reflects Matisse’s intention to use color abstractly to evoke beauty, peace, and sensuality, marking a step away from Fauvism.### Influence of Derain and Gauguin on Matisse
    • Matisse's work shows influence from Derain's curvilinear patterns and a firsthand experience with Gauguin's paintings.
    • Gauguin's estate was stored in Collioure, where Matisse visited the collection twice.
    • In "Le Bonheur," color is intense and graceful, contained within arabesques.
    • Matisse rejected logical space and scale, opting for increased abstraction.
    • Figures overlap, blurring boundaries between elements, leading to an abstract orchestration of color influenced by Classical themes.

    Emergence of Cubism

    • Cubism, led by Picasso and Braque, redefined the purpose of art beyond depiction.
    • The movement focused on analyzing the language of painting rather than typical still lifes or portraits.
    • Picasso synthesized elements from Cézanne's abstract treatment of volume and space, pushing abstraction's limits.

    Pablo Picasso's Background and "Les Demoiselles d'Avignon"

    • Born in Malaga, Spain, Picasso trained under his father and moved to Paris at age 15.
    • "Les Demoiselles d'Avignon" (1907) shocked audiences with its radical departure from traditional styles.
    • The painting was influenced by French history art and Matisse's avant-garde works.
    • It references male desire and fears, with a confrontational depiction of nudes resembling a brothel scene.

    Georges Braque and Analytic Cubism

    • Braque and Picasso collaborated, their styles merging, leading to Analytic Cubism.
    • "The Portuguese" (1911) exemplified structured geometric patterns with a focus on abstraction.
    • Braque's work reflected a grid system and visual punning characteristic of Cubism.

    Synthetic Cubism and Collage

    • Synthetic Cubism, pioneered by Picasso and Braque, involved constructing images from cut paper pieces.
    • "Guitar, Sheet Music, and Wine Glass" (1912) utilized wallpaper to blur lines between illusion and reality.
    • The use of visual puns highlighted the contrast between solid and negative space.

    Kandinsky's Abstract Art Evolution

    • Kandinsky moved toward complete nonobjective art by 1911, initiating a series of "Compositions."
    • Early works featured recognizable shapes; later pieces, like "Sketch I for 'Composition VII'," embraced total abstraction.
    • His art aimed to convey universal spiritual forces, embodying both chaos and cosmic landscapes.

    Umberto Boccioni and Futurism

    • Initially an activist Futurist, Boccioni shifted focus to art by 1911, influenced by Cubism.
    • "States of Mind: The Farewells" depicted motion and energy, reflecting the dynamism of modern life.
    • The notion of "plastic dynamism" emphasized the fusion of object with surrounding energy in a fractured world.

    Kazimir Malevich and Suprematism

    • Malevich used geometric shapes and colors in "Suprematist Painting: Airplane Flying" (1915) to express movement.
    • The work explored a new relationship with the universe through air travel, maintaining a human touch despite geometric forms.

    Marcel Duchamp's Iconoclastic Approach

    • Duchamp's "Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2" (1912) combined Impressionism, Cubism, and sequential movement inspired by chronophotographs.
    • He challenged conventional art meanings by emphasizing the title's role in defining and contextualizing the artwork.
    • Duchamp's exploration highlighted the interplay between titles and artworks, questioning art's essence and meaning.

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    Description

    Explore the works of Paul Cézanne, focusing on his still life piece 'Still Life with Apples in a Bowl' created between 1879-1883. Learn about the techniques and themes present in his art, which navigate the conflicts and suppression of tension in various genres. This quiz is perfect for art history enthusiasts.

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