Questions and Answers
What is Contrapposto?
Contrapposto is an Italian term meaning 'counterpoise' used in the visual arts to describe a human figure standing with most of its weight on one foot so that its shoulders and arms twist off-axis from the hips and legs.
What is Sfumato?
Sfumato is the Italian term for a painting technique which overlays translucent layers of color to create perceptions of depth, volume, and form.
What is Chiaroscuro?
Chiaroscuro is a term in art for a contrast between light and dark.
What is iconography?
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How is Jesus often identified in art?
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How is John the Baptist often identified?
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What is mannerism?
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What is idealism?
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What idealistic features are shown in Pieta by Michelangelo?
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What is humanism?
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What is shown in Sistine Madonna by Raphael?
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What does the Transfiguration by Raphael show?
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What is classicism?
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Who created cubism?
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What is Primitivism?
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What is analytical cubism?
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What is synthetic cubism?
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What is futurism?
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What is abstract expressionism?
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What is common iconography in New Zealand art?
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What artworks are associated with Kasimir Malevich and Suprematism?
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What artworks are associated with Mondrian and De Stijl?
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What does feminism look like in Jaqueline Fahey's artwork?
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Study Notes
Art Movements and Techniques
- Contrapposto: An Italian term meaning "counterpoise," depicting a figure with weight on one foot, leading to a twist in the shoulders and arms.
- Sfumato: A painting technique involving translucent layers to create depth and blending colors seamlessly, exemplified in Da Vinci's Mona Lisa.
- Chiaroscuro: Refers to the stark contrast between light and dark in artwork, enriching the visual experience.
- Mannerism: An art style characterized by distortion and vibrant, acidic colors, as seen in works by El Greco and Michelangelo.
- Classicism: Incorporates ideas of Humanism and Idealism, reflecting the balance and form of classical art.
Iconography and Religious Art
- Iconography: The study of symbols and images in art that convey deeper meanings.
- Jesus Christ: Typically depicted in red and blue robes, representing blood and heaven, respectively. Often features long hair, a beard, a halo, and a crown of thorns.
- John the Baptist: Identified by his crucifixion stick, symbolizing his role in Christian tradition.
Notable Artworks and Their Features
- Pietà by Michelangelo: Represents Idealism with a youthful and beautiful portrayal of Mary, pyramidal composition, and softness in stone.
- Sistine Madonna by Raphael: Combines High Renaissance elements (symmetry, harmony, idealization) with Mannerist elements (shallow space, theatrical setting).
- Transfiguration by Raphael: Exhibits heightened color, drama, movement, and use of intense Chiaroscuro.
Modern Art Movements
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Cubism: Developed by Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso, breaking forms into fragmented pieces viewed from multiple perspectives.
- Analytical Cubism: Involves deconstructing forms into fragments using monochromatic colors, as seen in Braque's Violin and Candlestick.
- Synthetic Cubism: Constructs compositions through collage techniques, exemplified in Picasso's Still Life with Violin and Fruit.
- Futurism: Celebrates speed, technology, and youth, highlighting humanity's triumph over nature, as demonstrated in works by Balla and Severini.
- Abstract Expressionism: A movement focusing on the emotional state of the artist conveyed through abstract forms.
Cultural and Feminist Perspectives
- Primitivism: Used to describe influences from primitive art forms, represented in Picasso's Les demoiselles d'Avignon.
- Common Iconography in New Zealand Art: Elements such as red, green, Koru, fern motifs, and landscapes are prevalent.
- Feminism in Art: Represents women’s experiences and challenges to patriarchy, evidenced in Jaqueline Fahey’s work highlighting female identity and oppression.
Significance of Specific Works
- Black Square by Kasimir Malevich: This artwork can be interpreted as a black square on a white background or as a black hole, reflecting Suprematism's conceptual depth.
- Composition with Yellow, Blue, and Red by Piet Mondrian: A key work in the De Stijl movement, evidencing the principles of abstraction and geometric forms.
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Description
Explore essential concepts in Art History with our flashcards covering key terms like Contrapposto and Sfumato. Gain insights into how these techniques are used by master artists such as Michelangelo and Da Vinci. Perfect for art students and enthusiasts alike!