Art History and Modern Art Overview

Prehistoric Art: Cave paintings, carvings (e.g., Lascaux, Venus figurines).
Ancient Civilizations: Egyptian hieroglyphs, Greek sculptures, Roman mosaics.
Middle Ages: Religious themes, Gothic architecture, illuminated manuscripts.
Renaissance: Humanism, perspective, notable works by Michelangelo, Da Vinci.
Baroque: Dramatic use of light and shadow, emotional intensity (e.g., Caravaggio).
19th Century: Realism, Impressionism, Post-Impressionism (e.g., Monet, Van Gogh).

Definition: Art produced from the late 19th century to the mid-20th century, characterized by a break from traditional styles.
Key Characteristics: Experimentation with form, abstraction, and new materials.
Important Movements:
- Fauvism: Vivid colors, simplified forms (e.g., Henri Matisse).
- Cubism: Fragmented subjects, multiple viewpoints (e.g., Pablo Picasso).
- Surrealism: Dream-like scenes, bizarre imagery (e.g., Salvador Dalí).
- Abstract Expressionism: Emphasis on spontaneous, automatic, or subconscious creation (e.g., Jackson Pollock).

Drawing: Use of graphite, charcoal, ink; techniques include hatching, cross-hatching.
Painting: Various mediums such as oil, acrylic, watercolor; techniques like glazing, impasto.
Sculpture: Methods include carving (stone, wood), modeling (clay), casting (metal).
Printmaking: Techniques like etching, lithography, screen printing.
Digital Art: Use of digital technology for creation; includes graphic design, digital painting.

Leonardo da Vinci: Renowned for "Mona Lisa" and "The Last Supper"; master of realism.
Vincent van Gogh: Influential post-impressionist; known for "Starry Night" and expressive use of color.
Pablo Picasso: Co-founder of Cubism; notable works include "Guernica" and "Les Demoiselles d'Avignon."
Frida Kahlo: Known for self-portraits and themes of identity, pain, and femininity.
Georgia O'Keeffe: Important figure in American Modernism; famous for large-scale flower paintings.

Impressionism: Focused on light and color; painted en plein air (e.g., Claude Monet).
Expressionism: Emphasized emotional experience over physical reality; vibrant colors and distorted forms.
Dadaism: Reaction against war and bourgeois values; embraced absurdity and anti-art.
Pop Art: Draws from popular culture and mass media; iconic figures include Andy Warhol.
Postmodernism: Questions traditional narratives and embraces multiple perspectives; often characterized by irony and playfulness.

Prehistoric art includes cave paintings and carvings, notable examples are Lascaux caves and Venus figurines.
Ancient civilizations contributed significantly with Egyptian hieroglyphs, Greek sculptures, and Roman mosaics.
Middle Ages art emphasized religious themes; characterized by Gothic architecture and illuminated manuscripts.
The Renaissance introduced humanism and perspective, featuring masterpieces by Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci.
Baroque art is known for its dramatic use of light and shadow, showcasing emotional intensity, with artists like Caravaggio.
The 19th century saw movements like Realism, Impressionism, and Post-Impressionism, with artists such as Claude Monet and Vincent van Gogh.

Modern art spans from the late 19th century to the mid-20th century, representing a departure from traditional styles.
It is marked by experimentation with form, abstraction, and the use of innovative materials.
Fauvism is recognized for vivid colors and simplified forms, with leading artist Henri Matisse.
Cubism, co-developed by Pablo Picasso, features fragmented subjects and multiple perspectives.
Surrealism explores dream-like scenes and bizarre imagery, prominently represented by Salvador Dalí.
Abstract Expressionism focuses on spontaneous and subconscious creation, exemplified by artists like Jackson Pollock.

Drawing techniques include the use of graphite, charcoal, and ink, employing methods such as hatching and cross-hatching.
Painting encompasses various mediums like oil, acrylic, and watercolor, with techniques like glazing and impasto.
Sculpture techniques vary, including carving (in materials like stone and wood), modeling (using clay), and casting (in metal).
Printmaking uses methods like etching, lithography, and screen printing to create reproductions.
Digital art utilizes technological tools for creative expression, encompassing graphic design and digital painting.

Leonardo da Vinci, celebrated for "Mona Lisa" and "The Last Supper," is a master of realism.
Vincent van Gogh is known for his post-impressionist influence, particularly seen in "Starry Night" and his vivid color application.
Pablo Picasso, a co-founder of Cubism, is recognized for seminal works like "Guernica" and "Les Demoiselles d'Avignon."
Frida Kahlo is noted for her self-portraits that delve into themes of identity, pain, and femininity.
Georgia O'Keeffe, a pivotal figure in American Modernism, is famous for her large-scale paintings of flowers.

Impressionism prioritizes light and color, often painted en plein air, with Claude Monet as a key figure.
Expressionism conveys emotional experiences over reality, using vibrant colors and distorted forms.
Dadaism emerged as a reaction against war and conventional values, embracing absurdity and anti-art sentiments.
Pop Art draws inspiration from popular culture and mass media; notable figures include Andy Warhol.
Postmodernism challenges traditional narratives, embracing irony and multiple perspectives in its expression.