CPAR 3rd Quarterly

Post-War Architecture and Literature

• Post-war era saw a blend of traditional structures with sanitary principles and modern materials like steel to ensure protection from calamities like earthquakes
• Emphasis on sanitation redefined architecture in commercial buildings, real estate development, and residential houses
• Upper-class houses were characterized by their large size and gardens

Marcos Era (1965-1986)

• Construction of expressways, convention centers, hospitals, hotels, malls, high-rise buildings, and amusement centers
• Introduction of escalators, elevators, air-conditioning systems, and computers
• Growing demand for commercial buildings, two-story houses, multi-story tenements, and government housing projects

Cultural Heritage

• Eco-tourism was introduced, with the development of themed parks and resorts in tourist spots like Palawan, Davao, Bohol, and Batangas
• Cultural heritage was given attention, with notable architects like Pablo S. Antonio, Leandro Locsin, Juan Nakpil, and Ildefonso P. Santos contributing to the preservation of cultural landmarks

Literature

• Post-war literature was dominated by writers educated and trained in the US or England
• Main goals of writers' guilds were to produce the finest literary writers in the English language
• Literary awards like the Don Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature (1950) and the PEN Center of the Philippines (1958) were established

Characteristics of Post-War Literature

• Focus on self-consciousness and self-expression of the writer
• Use of vernacular language (mother tongue) to depict the life of the working class
• Writers like Nestor Vicente, Madali Gonzales, Nick Joaquin, Alejandro Roces, Francisco Arcellana, and Gregorio Brillantes were prominent during this period

Martial Law Literature (1972-1986)

• Period of political unrest and strict control
• Campus newspapers showed rebellious emotions, with writers expressing distaste, disagreement, or transgression against the government
• Themes dealt with patience, regard for native culture, customs, and the beauties of nature and surroundings

Types of Martial Law Literature

• Protest Literature: expresses distaste, disagreement, or transgression against the government
• Proletarian Literature: written by working-class authors about the working class
• Prison Literature: written by authors who are incarcerated or confined in secluded areas
• Circumvention Literature: uses metaphors, allegories, symbolism, etc. to express social and political transgression

Post-EDSA Literature

• The "Bagay" Movement: poetry that uses colloquial language and concrete images to describe experiences
• Writers like Jose F. Lacaba, Rolando Tinio, Bienvenido Lumbera, and Antonio Samson contributed to this movement

Modern Day Literature

• Literary works nowadays are gender-sensitive, exploring plurality of culture and challenging social activities

• Technology plays an important role, with blogs and online stories being materialized into books

• Women, lesbian, and gay writings continue to flourish and become recognized and accepted

• Writers embark on translating their work into other languages or dialects, and translating foreign works into Filipino### Dance

• Filipinescas Dance Company: founded by a modern dance pioneer, blending ballet with tap and jazz

• Folk Dance: traditional social dances of ethnic groups, often performed at weddings and parties

• Street Dance: vernacular dance that developed organically within a community

• Social Dance: performed at social gatherings, such as weddings and parties

Theater

• Representational Style: realistic, linear structure, and actors do not interact with the audience
• Presentational Style: non-linear structure, and actors interact with the audience
• Documentary Style: presents real-life events, inspiring critical questions about history, memory, and justice
• BODABIL: a stage show popular during the Japanese era, featuring comedy, music, and acrobatics
• Traditional Theater forms:
  • SARSWELA: lyric theater drama, comical, and incorporates singing, dancing, and dialogue
  • KOMEDYA: a colorful theatrical tradition used to spread Christianity
  • SINAKULO: stage re-enactment of Christ's passion and death

Film

• The Birth of Philippine Cinema: 1890-1900s, introduced by Spanish and American occupation
• First Film: "Panorama de Manila Fiesta de Quiapo Puwente de Espana Escenas Callejeras" (1897)
• Dalagang Bukid: the first movie made and shown by a Filipino filmmaker, Jose Nepomuceno (1919)
• PRE-WAR YEARS (1930s): stories from theater and literature, with melodrama and romantic fantasies dominating
• WAR YEARS (1940s): filmmaking struggled, with patriotic movies emerging
• POST-WAR YEARS (1950s): Philippine Film Industry thrived, with four major studios producing 350 films a year
• Decline and Struggle (1960s): contact artists established studios, and bomba movies emerged
• Martial Law (1970s): freedom of expression was suppressed, and "bomba" movies proliferated
• THE SECOND GOLDEN AGE OF PHILIPPINE MOVIES (1970s-1980s): quality films emerged, despite censorship
• 1980s: the Philippines ranked among top 10 film producers in the world
• 1990s: the "Decade of the Dying Cinema," with mass-produced, low-quality films and the rise of "pito-pito" films
• 2000s to present: Philippine Cinema struggled, with the rise of independent cinema and digital filmmaking