Art Elements and Principles Quiz

HUM 101 Arts Appreciation

• Course instructor: Jacques Axid A. Rosello, MSDC

Visual Arts: Painting

• Learning Objectives:
  • Identify the elements of painting
  • Understand the importance of the color wheel
  • Grasp the symbolism and meaning of colors
  • Demonstrate knowledge of painting mediums and their characteristics

Painting

• Colors on a flat surface, like linen, glass, wall, leaf, paper, or wood, express emotions
• Harmony and connection between components make a painting lovely

Painting: Elements

• Line, color, texture, perspective, form, and symbols are prevalent in all art forms

1. Line

• The shortest distance between two points

• Connects points

• Can be implied when points are near

• Suggests direction and meaning

• Vertical lines: convey strength, dynamism, and evoke emotion

• Horizontal lines: signify repose, serenity, calmness, stability, and quiescence

• Diagonal lines: suggest action, tension, and movement, animating compositions

• Curve lines: suggest grace, joyousness, softness, flexibility, and gentleness. They never convey harshness or sternness

• Zigzag lines: signify confusion, nervousness, danger, and destruction

2. Color

• A property of light, relating to an object's wavelength of reflected light
• Scientifically, the eye and brain associate colors with descriptive words like "red," "blue," or "yellow"
• Color theory provides data for visual art, categorizing properties, behaviors, and effects

3. Texture

• The sense of touch, related to the look, coarseness, or smoothness of a material.

• Can be built into materials or created by manipulating surfaces.

• Two or three-sided pattern elements distinguished by their visual and physical appearance.

  • Abstract Texture: Modifies actual texture to achieve aesthetic and decorative purposes.
  • Real Texture: The actual touch and look of an object's surface (combines how paint looks and feels).
  • Simulated Texture: Creates a visual representation of a surface texture, but isn't the actual texture
  • Invented Texture: Creative way to add materials to create an intriguing texture, similar to abstract artwork

4. Perspective

• Deals with how distance affects the appearance of objects
• Used to show spatial relationships
• Creates a three-dimensional illusion with depth and space
• Goals include providing viewers with the best perspective of the subject and its message.

  • Foreground: Areas closer to the viewer

  • Middle Ground: Region between foreground and background

  • Background: Region appearing furthest from the viewer

  • Linear perspective: Appearance of distance through converging lines

  • Aerial perspective: Relative distances of objects, through gradations of tone and color

5. Shapes

• Flat areas formed when lines meet
• Enclosed space defines a shape
• Surrounding shapes define areas in a composition
• Physical form or figure; implying weight or volume
  • Geometric shapes: Remain virtually unchanged when moved or flipped.
  • Organic shapes: Have natural curves and shapes
  • Biomorphic shapes: Non-representational forms akin to living organisms

6. Symbols

• Visual representations of intangible ideas, qualities, or concepts.
• Employed in art to provide objects, events, and conditions with meaning

Color Wheel and Classification

• Colors are arranged achromatically (without regard to hue) in a circular, 12-part wheel, showcasing varied colors by value

  • Primary colors: Red, yellow, and blue (cannot be mixed from other colors)

  • Secondary colors: Orange, green, and violet (formed by mixing two primary colors)

  • Tertiary colors: Formed by mixing one primary color with one secondary color (e.g., blue-green, blue-violet, red-orange)

  • Warm colors: Red, orange, and yellow (evoke warmth, brightness, and advancement towards the viewer)

  • Cool colors: Blue, green, and violet (evoke calmness, peace, and cause objects to recede)

  • Neutral colors: Black, gray, white, and brown (often referred to as "earth tones" and dont appear on a color wheel)

Color Wheel Classifications

- Complementary colors: Located directly opposite each other; often look
  lively and vibrant together (e.g., red and green)
- Analogous color ranges: Colors adjacent to one another (e.g., yellow,
  yellow-orange, and orange)

Painting Mediums

• Mediums refer to the materials used in creating a work of art.

  • Oil: Slow-drying paint using pigment suspended in drying oils.
  • Pastel: Sticks or crayons made of pure powdered color and a binder.
  • Acrylic: A fast-drying water-resistant paint.
  • Watercolor: Transparent paint made of pigments suspended in water.
  • Ink: Liquid colors/dyes for drawing and writing.
  • Encaustic: Heated beeswax to which colored stains are added; applied to a wood-based surface.
  • Gouache: Water-based paint; opaque technique
  • Enamel: Durable, glossy paint usually used for outdoor surfaces
  • Spray Paint: Paint released from a pressurized bottle as a fine spray.
  • Tempera: Permanent, fast drying paint made of pigments mixed with a water-soluble binder

Western Style Painting

• Diverse styles (e.g., Abstraction, Expressionism; Baroque, Impressionism, Modernism, Realism; Symbolism, Fauvism, Cubism, Surrealism) used for painting portray unique methods of communicating art concepts.