Arquitectura de Computadoras y Dispositivos Móviles

Computer and Mobile Device Architecture

• Computer architecture encompasses the conceptual design and fundamental operational structure of a computer system. This includes the design of central processing units (CPUs), memory hierarchies, input/output (I/O) systems, and the interconnections between these components.
• Mobile device architectures differ from traditional computers primarily in the constraints of size, power consumption, and performance. These devices often employ specialized processors, smaller memory capacities, and optimized power management units.

Software

• Software encompasses the set of instructions that tell a computer what to do.
• System software includes operating systems, device drivers, and utility programs. These manage the hardware and provide a platform for application software.
• Application software includes productivity tools, games, and specialized programs designed to solve specific problems or perform specific tasks.
• Software development methodologies describe the processes used to create, test, and deploy software.
• Software security is critical for protecting against vulnerabilities that malicious actors could exploit to compromise systems and data.

Networks, Systems Architecture

• Network architecture describes the design of computer networks, addressing components, protocols, and topology to support communication between devices.
• Network topologies define how devices are connected. Examples include bus topology, star topology, and ring topology.
• System architecture refers to the structure and organization of a system, encompassing hardware, software, and data components. The interaction and integration of components define and govern system function and behavior.
• Scalability is a crucial aspect of system architecture, referring to the system's ability to handle increasing workloads and data volumes without significant performance degradation.
• System design often involves choosing algorithms, data structures, and specific hardware or software components. The decision-making process during design must consider the cost, performance, security, and scalability requirements of the system.

Mobile Device Hardware

• Mobile devices employ small, energy-efficient processors specifically optimized for mobile applications.
• Mobile devices typically use several types of memory: RAM (random access memory) for temporary data storage, ROM (read-only memory) to hold the device's initial instructions and configuration data, and Flash (or other) storage for long-term data storage.
• Input/Output (I/O) devices, including displays, touchscreens, cameras, and microphones, are all critical components of mobile device hardware.
• Power management is a key concern in mobile device design to maximize battery life, requiring careful energy optimization in processors, memory, and other hardware components.
• Wireless connectivity, like Wi-Fi and cellular networks, is crucial for communication.

Network Security

• Network security encompasses measures to protect network resources and communications from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction.
• Authentication and authorization are fundamental security controls. They verify the identity of users and limit their access to resources accordingly.
• Access controls restrict access to sensitive data and systems based on predefined policies.
• Intrusion detection and prevention systems monitor network traffic for malicious activity, alerting administrators and taking proactive steps to block or mitigate threats.
• Firewalls are defensive technologies that filter network traffic based on predefined rules.

Network Protocols

• Network protocols define the rules and conventions that govern data communication over a network. Common protocols include TCP/IP, HTTP, and FTP.
• Protocols ensure reliable transmission of data, manage errors, and ensure efficient use of network resources.
• The TCP/IP protocol suite is the fundamental architecture for internet communication, governing data transmission protocols like TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and IP (Internet Protocol).
• Different protocols are used for various applications. HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) is used for web browsing, while FTP (File Transfer Protocol) facilitates file transfers.
• Understanding and managing these protocols is crucial for maintaining network functionality and security.

Operating Systems

• Operating systems (OS) are software that acts as an intermediary between hardware and applications.
• OS manage hardware resources, provide a platform for application execution, and manage user interaction.
• Common OS for mobile devices include Android and iOS.
• Common OS for computers include Windows, macOS, and Linux.
• OS tasks include managing processes, memory, and peripherals.
• The OS plays a crucial role in maintaining system stability and security.