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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of ARQ protocol?
Which layer of the OSI model is primarily based on ARQ protocols?
What is the primary factor that affects the efficiency of an ARQ protocol?
Which protocol is used by TCP in conjunction with flow control?
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What type of technique is used in TCP's flow control?
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What is the primary function of the application layer in the TCP/IP model?
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What is the PDU (Protocol Data Unit) of the transport layer in TCP?
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What is the main difference between TCP and UDP protocols?
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What is the purpose of APIs such as Socket and WinSock?
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What is the PDU of the network layer in the TCP/IP model?
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What type of network is WiMax an example of?
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Study Notes
ARQ Protocol
- ARQ (Automatic Repeat Request) protocol is used for error control, employing acknowledgments (ACK/NACK) and timeouts to ensure reliable data transfer.
ARQ Protocols
- Examples of ARQ protocols include:
- Stop-and-Wait (Send-and-Wait)
- Go-Back-N
- Selective Repeat
- These protocols are used in multiple OSI model layers, primarily the transport and data link layers.
Performance of ARQ Protocols
- The efficiency of an ARQ protocol depends on its performance.
- Performance is influenced by various delays involved in PDU (Packet or Message) transfer.
Types of ARQ Protocols
- Go-Back-N and Selective Repeat are generic pipelined protocols.
- TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) primarily utilizes Go-Back-N, combined with flow control.
- The flow control in TCP is based on a variable sliding window technique.
Application Layer
- Provides necessary protocols for distributed applications (Client/Server, Peer-to-Peer) such as HTTP, FTP, SMTP, Telnet, and more.
- Offers APIs for programmers to develop distributed applications, allowing them to access the TCP/IP communication stack while abstracting lower layers.
- API examples: Socket (Linux), WinSock (Windows)
Transport Layer
- Offers two types of services or protocols: TCP and UDP.
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
- PDU: Segment
- Connection-oriented (connected mode)
- Provides a confirmed service (reliable)
- Performs segmentation and reassembly
- TSAP: Port number
UDP (User Datagram Protocol)
- PDU: Datagram
- Connectionless (non-connected)
- Unconfirmed service (unreliable)
Network Layer
- IP (Internet Protocol)
- PDU: Packet
- Connectionless (non-connected)
- Unconfirmed service (unreliable)
Network Access Layer
- PDU: Frame (Liaison)
- Various technologies: LAN, WAN, MAN, etc.
LAN (Local Area Network)
- Technologies: Ethernet (802.3), Token Bus (802.4), Token Ring (802.5), WiFi (802.11), WiMax (802.16)
WAN (Wide Area Network)
- Technologies: X.25, Frame Relay, ATM, PPP, and more.
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Description
This quiz is about the Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) protocol, a method of error control that uses acknowledgments and timeouts to ensure reliable data transfer.
