30 Questions
What is the hybrid structure that represents the actual structure of benzene?
Resonance structure
What is the major limitation of the Kekulé structure of benzene?
It does not account for the unusual chemical reactivity of benzene
What is the bond order of the C-C bonds in benzene?
1.5
What is the molecular formula of benzene?
C6H6
What is the hybridization of the carbon atoms in benzene?
sp2
Who proposed the Kekulé structure of benzene?
August Kekulé
What is the primary product of the nitration of toluene?
A mixture of products resulting from substitution at the ortho and para positions
What is the role of Lewis acid catalysts in the Friedel-Crafts alkylation?
To catalyze the reaction
What is the electrophile in the Friedel-Crafts alkylation?
The alkyl cation
What is the suffix used to name acyl groups systematically?
-oyl
Who first studied the reactions of carbocations with aromatic compounds?
Charles Friedel and James Crafts
What is the type of reaction that occurs in the Friedel-Crafts alkylation?
Electrophilic aromatic substitution
What is the length of all carbon-carbon bonds in benzene?
1.397 Å
What is the primary reason for benzene's aromaticity?
The delocalization of π electrons within its hexagonal ring
What happens when bromine is added to benzene?
The bromine color remains
What is the effect of long-term exposure to benzene on the body?
A decrease in the number of red blood cells and an increase in the number of malfunctioning white blood cells
What is the bond angle in benzene?
120°
What type of reaction occurs when a catalyst is added to the mixture of bromine and benzene?
Substitution reaction
What is the product of the reaction between ethylbenzene and chlorine in the presence of light?
Alphachloroethylbenzene
What reagents are used in the Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction to produce ethyl phenyl ketone?
AlCl3 and propanoyl chloride
What is the difference between aromatic and antiaromatic compounds?
Aromatic compounds have 2, 6, or 10 π electrons, while antiaromatic compounds have 4 or 8 π electrons
What is the source of phenylalanine for humans and animals?
They can obtain it from the diet
What is a by-product of the reaction between bromine and benzene?
HBr gas
Why does benzene show resonance?
Due to the presence of three conjugated double bonds
What type of compounds can also be aromatic, aside from benzene?
Heterocyclic compounds
What is the main reason why alkylbenzenes undergo free-radical halogenation more easily than alkanes?
Formation of a resonance-stabilized benzylic radical
What is the product of the Clemmensen reduction of ethyl phenyl ketone?
Ethylbenzene
What is the role of sodium hydroxide in the chemistry of phenols?
It deprotonates phenols to form phenoxide ions
What is pyridine?
An aromatic nitrogen analogue of benzene
What is the characteristic of phenols that makes them more acidic than water?
Their ability to form phenoxide ions easily
Test your knowledge on aromatic compounds and arenes, including their structure, resonance, and molecular orbitals. Explore Hückel's rule, aromaticity, and other key concepts in this chapter.
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