Aromatic Compounds and Arenes

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What is the hybrid structure that represents the actual structure of benzene?

Resonance structure (correct)
Hückel's annulene structure
Molecular orbital structure
Kekulé structure

What is the major limitation of the Kekulé structure of benzene?

It does not account for the planarity of the molecule
It does not account for the unusual chemical reactivity of benzene (correct)
It does not account for the molecular orbitals of benzene
It does not account for the resonance of benzene

What is the bond order of the C-C bonds in benzene?

2
3
1
1.5 (correct)

What is the molecular formula of benzene?

C6H6 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the hybridization of the carbon atoms in benzene?

sp2 (D) Signup and view all the answers

Who proposed the Kekulé structure of benzene?

August Kekulé (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary product of the nitration of toluene?

A mixture of products resulting from substitution at the ortho and para positions (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Lewis acid catalysts in the Friedel-Crafts alkylation?

To catalyze the reaction (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the electrophile in the Friedel-Crafts alkylation?

The alkyl cation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the suffix used to name acyl groups systematically?

-oyl (A) Signup and view all the answers

Who first studied the reactions of carbocations with aromatic compounds?

Charles Friedel and James Crafts (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of reaction that occurs in the Friedel-Crafts alkylation?

Electrophilic aromatic substitution (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the length of all carbon-carbon bonds in benzene?

1.397 Å (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for benzene's aromaticity?

The delocalization of π electrons within its hexagonal ring (D) Signup and view all the answers

What happens when bromine is added to benzene?

The bromine color remains (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of long-term exposure to benzene on the body?

A decrease in the number of red blood cells and an increase in the number of malfunctioning white blood cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the bond angle in benzene?

120° (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of reaction occurs when a catalyst is added to the mixture of bromine and benzene?

Substitution reaction (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the reaction between ethylbenzene and chlorine in the presence of light?

Alphachloroethylbenzene (D) Signup and view all the answers

What reagents are used in the Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction to produce ethyl phenyl ketone?

AlCl3 and propanoyl chloride (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between aromatic and antiaromatic compounds?

Aromatic compounds have 2, 6, or 10 π electrons, while antiaromatic compounds have 4 or 8 π electrons (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of phenylalanine for humans and animals?

They can obtain it from the diet (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a by-product of the reaction between bromine and benzene?

HBr gas (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why does benzene show resonance?

Due to the presence of three conjugated double bonds (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of compounds can also be aromatic, aside from benzene?

Heterocyclic compounds (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why alkylbenzenes undergo free-radical halogenation more easily than alkanes?

Formation of a resonance-stabilized benzylic radical (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the Clemmensen reduction of ethyl phenyl ketone?

Ethylbenzene (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of sodium hydroxide in the chemistry of phenols?

It deprotonates phenols to form phenoxide ions (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is pyridine?

An aromatic nitrogen analogue of benzene (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of phenols that makes them more acidic than water?

Their ability to form phenoxide ions easily (A) Signup and view all the answers