Aristotle's Ethics: Virtue and the Golden Mean

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What does Aristotle consider justice to mean?

Being partial towards certain individuals
Taking away from the undeserving
Punishing those who don't deserve
Giving people what they deserve (correct)

How did Aristotle reason from the purpose of a good to its proper allocation?

Ethical reasoning
Teleological reasoning (correct)
Scientific reasoning
Intuitive reasoning

What did Plato and Aristotle believe about nature in terms of purpose?

Nature's purpose is unknown
Nature has a meaningful order with a purpose (correct)
Purpose is irrelevant in nature
Nature has no purpose, it's chaotic

What changed with the advent of modern science's understanding of nature?

Nature ceased to be seen as a meaningful order (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of politics today, as mentioned in the text?

Distribution of income, wealth, and opportunities (C) Signup and view all the answers

For Aristotle, what was distributive justice primarily about?

Offices and honors (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does Aristotle describe ethical virtue as?

A tendency or disposition induced by our habits to have appropriate feelings (C) Signup and view all the answers

According to Aristotle, what is the Golden Mean in ethics?

An intermediate state between excess and deficiency for every ethical virtue (D) Signup and view all the answers

What role does practical wisdom play for virtuous individuals according to Aristotle?

Allows them to make rational decisions and determine the mean in challenging situations (B) Signup and view all the answers

In Aristotle's view, what do good individuals serve as?

A measure and standard whose opinions should be authoritative (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does the hypothetical 'State of Nature' refer to in John Locke's philosophy?

The period of time before people formed societies (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does John Locke contribute to the development of social contract theory?

By suggesting that individuals have natural rights and form societies based on a social contract (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of politics according to Aristotle?

An expression of human nature and an essential aspect of the good life (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the telos of a polis according to Aristotle?

Eudaimonia (the good life) (A) Signup and view all the answers

In Aristotle's ethics, what is Arete?

Virtue or excellence in fulfilling one's purpose or goal (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is Eudaimonia in Aristotle's ethics?

Happiness, flourishing, the highest good (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to Aristotle, why do we study ethics?

To be more capable of living the best life (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes practical wisdom (phronesis) in Aristotle's view?

Knowing how to deliberate well about what is good for oneself and others (D) Signup and view all the answers