52 Questions
What is the primary symptom of Otosclerosis?
Conductive hearing loss
What is the most common virus causing congenital infections?
Cytomegalovirus
What is the primary type of hearing loss caused by otosclerosis?
Conductive hearing loss
What are the two ways bone is generated?
Intramembranous and endochondral ossification
What are the two ways bone is generated?
Intramembranous and endochondral ossification
What percentage of the Caucasian population is affected by otosclerosis?
1%
What is the cause of otosclerosis?
Unknown
What type of hearing loss can be caused by Paget's disease?
Mixed hearing loss
What percentage of the Caucasian population is affected by Otosclerosis?
1%
What is the cause of otosclerosis?
Still unknown
What is the predominant mode of inheritance for otosclerosis?
Autosomal dominant transmission
What autoimmune disease is characterized by rapidly progressive, bilateral SNHL with an idiopathic cause?
Cogan syndrome
What is Schwartze sign?
A reddish hue medial to an intact tympanic membrane
What is the predominant mode of inheritance for otosclerosis?
Autosomal dominant
Which theory is not among the multiple theories on the pathogenesis of Otosclerosis?
Neurological factors
What is the predominant mode of inheritance for otosclerosis?
Autosomal dominant
What regulates bone remodeling?
Cytokines and receptors
What is the location of fissula ante fenestram?
Anterior to the oval window
Which disease can affect the middle ear and cause hearing loss?
Wegener Granulomatosis
What regulates bone remodeling?
Cytokines and receptors
What regulates bone remodeling?
Cytokines and receptors
What can otosclerosis affect and what can it cause?
Different locations and various clinical symptoms
What can otosclerosis affect and what can it cause?
Different locations and various clinical symptoms
Can otosclerosis affect different locations?
Yes
What are the three types of bone sclerosis lesions in otosclerosis?
Otospongiosis, transitional phase, and late-phase otosclerosis
What is the first-line treatment for autoimmune diseases like Cogan syndrome, polyarteritis nodosa, and rheumatoid arthritis that can cause auditory and vestibular dysfunction?
Systemic steroids
Is there controversy over whether otosclerosis causes SNHL?
Yes
What disease can cause conductive hearing loss, SNHL, and vestibular dysfunction?
Sarcoidosis
Is there controversy over whether otosclerosis causes SNHL?
Yes
Is there controversy over whether otosclerosis causes SNHL?
Yes
What is the most common systemic disease to manifest otologic pathology?
Infectious diseases
Can otosclerosis cause vestibular symptoms?
Yes
Can otosclerosis cause vestibular symptoms?
Yes, but they are usually mild
Can otosclerosis cause vestibular symptoms?
Yes, but they are usually mild
What is the treatment for Paget's disease?
Calcitonin and bisphosphonates
Who is more likely to have otosclerosis?
Those with a family history of the condition
Who has a higher prevalence of otosclerosis?
Caucasians
Who is more likely to have otosclerosis?
Caucasians
What is the age of onset for hearing loss caused by otosclerosis?
15-45 years old
What is the age of onset for hearing loss caused by otosclerosis?
15-30 years old
What autoimmune disease is characterized by bilateral SNHL that progresses over weeks to months and is responsive to steroids?
Autoimmune inner ear disease
What is the age of onset for hearing loss caused by otosclerosis?
15-45 years old
Do females or males tend to advance more rapidly in the progression of otosclerosis?
Females
Do females or males tend to advance more rapidly in the progression of otosclerosis?
Females
Do females tend to advance more rapidly in the progression of otosclerosis than males?
Yes
What disease affects the ear, nose, trachea, larynx, and ribs?
Relapsing polychondritis
What is the most common failure of stapedectomy?
Prosthesis dislocation
What is the most common failure of stapedectomy?
Prosthesis dislocation
What disease is a group of diseases that cause mononuclear phagocytic cell proliferation?
Langerhans histiocytosis
What is the recommended dosage of prednisolone for autoimmune inner ear disease?
60mg/day
What is Carhart notch?
A characteristic feature of otosclerosis
What is Carhart notch?
A characteristic feature of otosclerosis
Study Notes
- There are two ways bone is generated: intramembranous and endochondral ossification.
- The cause of otosclerosis (OS) is still unknown.
- Autosomal dominant transmission is the predominant mode of inheritance.
- Bone remodeling is regulated by cytokines and receptors such as OPG, RANK, and RANKL.
- OS can affect different locations and cause various clinical symptoms.
- There is controversy over whether OS causes SNHL.
- OS can cause vestibular symptoms, but they are usually mild.
- The prevalence of OS is higher in Caucasians and those with a family history of the condition.
- The age of onset for hearing loss caused by OS is between 15-45 years old.
- Females tend to advance more rapidly in the progression of the disease than males.
- Relative contraindications for surgery include ear infection or effusion.
- Suspected endolymphatic hydrops is also a relative contraindication.
- Meniere's disease may require at least six months of treatment before surgery.
- Stapedotomy is a surgical procedure to treat otosclerosis.
- Obliterative OS requires drilling of the footplate and insertion of a prosthesis.
- Stapedotomy can reduce post-op deafness and improve 2000Hz A-B gap.
- Connective tissue OW graft and piston prosthesis is the most effective design.
- Post-op precautions include avoiding heavy lifting and keeping the ear dry.
- Perilymph gusher can occur due to a modiolar defect or congenital footplate fixation.
- Fracture of incus long process can occur during surgery.
- Lidocaine and palpation during surgery can cause vertigo.
- TM perforation should be repaired to avoid infection and SNHL.
- Prosthesis dislocation is the most common failure of stapedectomy.
- Otosclerosis is a genetic condition that causes progressive hearing loss.
- It is most commonly seen in the footplate midportion and can result in a biscuit footplate.
- Tinnitus is present in 75% of patients, while dizziness occurs in 30-40% of patients.
- Schwartze sign is seen in 10% of patients and is due to increased vascularity in active lesions.
- Carhart notch is a 20-30dB loss in bone conduction at 2000Hz and is a characteristic feature of otosclerosis.
- The condition is typically inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion with incomplete penetrance.
- Surgical treatment involves stapes mobilization, but there is a risk of postoperative sensorineural hearing loss.
- Other conditions that may be considered in the differential diagnosis include congenital ossicular chain abnormalities, Paget disease, and osteogenesis imperfecta.
- The widening air-bone gap in audiograms typically begins in the low frequencies.
- Language recognition ability may remain intact despite hearing loss.
Take this quiz to test your knowledge on otosclerosis and stapedotomy surgery. Learn about the causes, symptoms, and treatments of otosclerosis, including the surgical procedure of stapedotomy. Discover the risks and benefits involved in the surgery and the post-op precautions that are necessary. Test your understanding of the condition's genetic inheritance, prevalence, and impact on hearing loss. This quiz will challenge your knowledge of the medical jargon and concepts related to otosclerosis and stapedotomy.
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