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OpenAI: History, Mission, and Products

OpenAI is an American AI research laboratory founded in 2015 by a group of individuals, including Sam Altman and Elon Musk.
OpenAI conducts AI research with the goal of promoting and developing a friendly AI, and its systems run on an Azure-based supercomputing platform from Microsoft.
In 2019, OpenAI transitioned from non-profit to "capped" for-profit, with a profit cap of 100 times any investment, allowing it to attract venture funds and grant equity to employees.
Microsoft provided OpenAI with a $1 billion investment in 2019 and a $10 billion investment in 2023, with plans to integrate OpenAI's ChatGPT into the Bing search engine.
OpenAI's research focuses on reinforcement learning, and it is viewed as an important competitor to DeepMind.
OpenAI has released several products, including OpenAI Gym, a platform for reinforcement learning research, and Universe, a software platform for measuring and training an AI's general intelligence across various applications.
OpenAI is also known for its development of GPT-3, a language model trained on large internet datasets, and DALL-E, a deep learning model that can generate digital images from natural language descriptions.
OpenAI has faced criticism for its decision to withhold GPT-2 due to concerns about potential misuse, and for its switch to for-profit status, which some argue is inconsistent with its mission to democratize AI.
OpenAI's mission is to ensure that AI is an extension of individual human wills and as broadly and evenly distributed as possible, with the goal of benefiting society while minimizing the risk of harm.
OpenAI's founders are motivated by concerns about AI safety and the existential risk from artificial general intelligence, which they believe can be mitigated by empowering as many people as possible with AI.
OpenAI has received significant investment from both individual and corporate investors, including Amazon Web Services, Infosys, and Y Combinator.
As of January 2023, OpenAI was in talks for funding that would value the company at $29 billion, and it announced a $1 billion investment from PwC in April 2023.Overview of OpenAI's AI Models and User Interfaces
OpenAI has developed various AI models and user interfaces for different applications, including gaming, language processing, speech recognition, music generation, and image creation.
OpenAI Five is an AI system designed to play Dota 2, a popular multiplayer online battle arena game. It defeated professional players in exhibition matches and won 99.4% of games in an open online competition.
Gym Retro is a platform for reinforcement learning research on video games, allowing for generalization between games with similar concepts but different appearances.
The Debate Game teaches machines to debate toy problems in front of a human judge to research the development of explainable AI.
Dactyl is a machine learning system that trains a human-like robot hand to manipulate physical objects, including solving a Rubik's Cube. It uses domain randomization to expose the learner to a variety of experiences.
OpenAI has developed a multi-purpose API for accessing new AI models for English language tasks.
GPT models are generative pre-training transformer-based language models that acquire world knowledge and process long-range dependencies. GPT-2 and GPT-3 are unsupervised transformer language models that dramatically improved benchmark results.
Codex is a descendant of GPT-3 that has been trained on code from 54 million GitHub repositories, used in GitHub Copilot. It can create working code in over a dozen programming languages.
Whisper is a general-purpose speech recognition model trained on a large dataset of diverse audio, capable of multilingual speech recognition, speech translation, and language identification.
Microscope is a collection of visualizations of every significant layer and neuron of eight different neural network models, often studied in interpretability.
DALL-E is a transformer model that creates images from textual descriptions, while CLIP creates a description for a given image. DALL-E 2 is an updated version with more realistic results.
ChatGPT is an artificial intelligence tool built on top of GPT-3 that provides a conversational interface for users to ask questions in natural language. ChatGPT Plus is a subscription service that provides faster response times and early access to new features.