10 Questions
Which type of polyploidy occurs through the multiplication of sets of chromosomes in plants?
Autopolyploidy
Which of the following is NOT a type of aneuploid?
Tetrasomic
What is the main shortcoming of artificial tetraploids?
They have partial sterility
What is the perspective direction in the use of polyploidy in breeding?
Fixation of the heterozygosity state
What is the advantage of haploid pollen from diploid plants over diploid pollen produced by tetraploid plants?
It can germinate and achieve faster fertilization
What is the main reason for inducing polyploidy in plants?
To obtain larger sizes of different plant parts
How are monosomic lines used in locating the position of genes for certain characters on chromosomes?
They allow identifying the chromosome carrying the dominant or recessive gene
What is the basis of improvement methods such as chromosome addition, chromosome substitution, and gene transfer?
Aneuploidy
What is the advantage of hybrids between different species and genera in increasing the genetic potential of productivity?
They offer possibilities for increasing the genetic potential of productivity
What is the difference between autopolyploids and allopolyploids?
Allopolyploids result from natural or artificial hybridization of two or more species or genera, followed by the doubling or multiplication of sets of chromosomes
Study Notes
- Polyploidy occurs by multiplying sets of chromosomes in plants.
- Autopolyploidy and allopolyploidy are two types of polyploidy.
- Polyploidy played an important role in the evolution of plants.
- Colchicine is used to induce polyploidy in plants.
- Different organs are treated with colchicine to obtain tetraploid plants.
- Polyploidy can be used to obtain larger sizes of different plant parts, increase productivity and quality, and obtain new properties.
- Haploid pollen from diploid plants can germinate and achieve faster fertilization than diploid pollen produced by tetraploid plants.
- Sterility of polyploids with an odd number of chromosomal sets represents an economic advantage in some agricultural plants.
- Fixation of the heterozygosity state is a perspective direction in the use of polyploidy in breeding.
- Artificial tetraploids have partial sterility as a main shortcoming.
- Aneuploids have a higher or lower number of individual chromosomes compared to disomics.
- Monosomics, nullisomics, trisomics, and tetrasomics are types of aneuploids.
- Monosomic and trisomic lines can be used to locate the position of genes for certain characters on chromosomes.
- Monosomics allow identifying the chromosome carrying the dominant or recessive gene.
- Aneuploids cannot be used directly in production, but monosomic and trisomic series can be used to replace or add individual chromosomes to existing varieties.
- Triploid organisms are more vigorous than their diploid or tetraploid equivalents and are often used in culture.
- Polyploid varieties contain individuals belonging to different degrees of ploidy, usually diploid, triploid, and tetraploid.
- Allopolyploids result from the natural or artificial hybridization of two or more species or genera, followed by the doubling or multiplication of sets of chromosomes.
- Hybrids between different species and genera offer possibilities for increasing the genetic potential of productivity.
- Aneuploidy is also the basis of improvement methods such as chromosome addition, chromosome substitution, and gene transfer.
Get ready to test your knowledge on polyploidy and aneuploidy with this informative quiz! From the different types of polyploidy to the advantages and disadvantages of artificial tetraploids, this quiz covers it all. Learn about the importance of polyploidy in plant evolution and breeding, and explore the various types of aneuploids and their potential applications. This quiz is perfect for students and professionals in the field of genetics and plant biology. Don't miss
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