Are You a Global Justice Guru?
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Questions and Answers

What is Aristotle's view on justice?

  • It is based on individual choice and freedom
  • It is based on income and wealth
  • It is irrelevant to the formation of good citizens and cultivation of good character
  • It involves giving people what they deserve based on the telos or purpose of the social practice in question (correct)

    • What is Charles Taylor's emphasis on the modern self?

  • The individual's right to prioritize their own needs
  • The social nature of selfhood and obligations towards communities (correct)
  • The need for a strong government to regulate individual behavior
  • The importance of personal freedom over community values

    • What is consequentialism?

  • A theory that evaluates the rightness of an action based on its consequences. (correct)
  • A theory that evaluates the rightness of an action based on its intentions.
  • A theory that evaluates the rightness of an action based on its tradition.
  • A theory that evaluates the rightness of an action based on its emotions.

    • What does Dworkin advocate for in terms of equality?

    <p>Equality of luck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of global justice?

    <p>How individuals and states should conduct themselves towards others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is consequentialism?

    <p>An ethical theory that evaluates the rightness of an action based on its consequences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Amartya Sen, what is the potential consequence of exclusivist identity politics?

    <p>Conflict and violence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the major works of John Stuart Mill?

    <p>On Liberty, Utilitarianism, and Principle of Political Economy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do communitarians criticize Rawls and contractarianism for?

    <p>Underestimating the importance of traditions and social context for moral reasoning and the social nature of the self</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of justice as fairness?

    <p>The structure of society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Capability approach based on?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rationale for immigration restriction according to national security concerns?

    <p>Communitarianism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Amartya Sen, what is the potential danger of exclusivist identity politics?

    <p>It can lead to conflict and violence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which political theory aims to make the least well-off group in a community as well-off as possible?

    <p>Rawls' principle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is contractualism?

    <p>A theory based on the social contract tradition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of Justice as fairness?

    <p>The structure of society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between duties and rights according to the text?

    <p>Duties are the foundation of rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Ronald Dworkin's stance on equality of resources?

    <p>He advocates for it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two indicators of financial security?

    <p>Income and wealth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is contractualism?

    <p>A political theory based on the social contract tradition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Aristotle's view of justice?

    <p>It is teleological and honorific</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between duties and rights according to the text?

    <p>Duties are the foundation of rights, with duties of justice being enforceable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Thomas Hobbes, what is the state of nature like?

    <p>Chaotic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the indicators of financial security?

    <p>Income and wealth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who influenced Robert Nozick's libertarian philosophy?

    <p>Murray Rothbard</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, why can't the government avoid responsibility for the resources of its citizens?

    <p>Both political and economic variables affect resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Thomas Hobbes, what is the state of nature like?

    <p>Pre-moral and chaotic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Alasdair McIntyre criticize moral theories of Enlightenment and post-Enlightenment for?

    <p>Using incoherent language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Robert Nozick believe about the role of the state?

    <p>The state should be limited to protecting against force, theft, fraud, and contract enforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Immanuel Kant believe confers moral worth on an action?

    <p>The intention behind the action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of global justice?

    <p>How individuals and states should conduct themselves towards others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do communitarians criticize Rawls and contractarianism for?

    <p>Underestimating the importance of traditions and social context for moral reasoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which moral theory disagrees with immigration restriction?

    <p>Utilitarianism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Alasdair McIntyre, why are moral theories of Enlightenment and post-Enlightenment criticized?

    <p>For being irrelevant to modern social constructs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Immanuel Kant's view on morality?

    <p>Morality is based on reason</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of John Stuart Mill's major works?

    <p>The Theory of Moral Sentiments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Kant, what does freedom mean?

    <p>Acting according to a law we give to ourselves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many traditions are there in contractualism?

    <p>Two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which philosophical view prioritizes individual rights over society?

    <p>Atomism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Nozick's stance on the role of the state?

    <p>The state should be limited to protecting against force, theft, fraud, and contract enforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Kant believe confers moral worth on an action?

    <p>The intention behind the action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a basic right according to the text?

    <p>Freedom of speech</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is utilitarianism?

    <p>A form of consequentialism that aims to maximize the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a basic right?

    <p>Education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does McIntyre believe is the key to comprehending morals and virtues?

    <p>Their relationship to the community</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which philosopher influenced Robert Nozick's libertarian beliefs?

    <p>Friedrich Hayek</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Dworkin, who is responsible for life choices?

    <p>Human beings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does justice involve according to Aristotle?

    <p>Giving people what they deserve based on the telos or purpose of the social practice in question</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Mill believe about individual liberty?

    <p>It should be protected by the government</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to communitarians, where should justice derive from?

    <p>Habits and traditions of people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some of the issues included in global justice?

    <p>World poverty, immigration, and climate change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main focuses of the Capability approach?

    <p>Capabilities, adaptive preferences, and freedom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is utilitarianism?

    <p>A form of consequentialism that aims to maximize the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Mill, what is the role of government in relation to individual liberty?

    <p>Government should not interfere with individual liberty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the social contract according to Hobbes?

    <p>A surrender of individual rights to an authority for security</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of global inequality?

    <p>Class</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two theories are criticized for not respecting human dignity and equal concern for citizens?

    <p>Utilitarianism and laissez faire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some of the issues included in global justice?

    <p>World poverty, immigration, and climate change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to communitarians, where should justice derive from?

    <p>The habits and traditions of people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on Derek Parfit's argument, what is personal identity based on?

    <p>Psychological continuity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many traditions of contractualism are there?

    <p>Two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Hobbes believe about justice?

    <p>It is an artificial virtue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two principles that regulate a fair society according to justice as fairness?

    <p>Equal basic liberties and social and economic inequalities that benefit the least-advantaged members of society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Dworkin, who is responsible for life choices?

    <p>Human beings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are debates about justice for Aristotle necessarily debates about?

    <p>Honor, virtue, and the nature of the good life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be a rationale for immigration restriction?

    <p>National security</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the criticism of Rawls' principle?

    <p>It ignores relative wealth and personal responsibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two principles that regulate a fair society according to Justice as fairness?

    <p>Equal basic liberties and social and economic inequalities that benefit the least-advantaged members of society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What moral theory agrees that there is little justification for immigration restriction?

    <p>Utilitarianism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for global inequality?

    <p>Both location and class components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to McIntyre, how are morals and virtues comprehended?

    <p>Through their relationship to the community</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Derek Parfit's view of personal identity?

    <p>It is based on psychological continuity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does acting morally involve?

    <p>Free will, good intentions, and being free from fear or self-interest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Mill argue should be considered when maximizing utility for society?

    <p>The long-term effects of actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does justice arise in contractualism?

    <p>When there is a conflict of interest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Sen value over pleasure?

    <p>Well-being</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the aim of Rawls' principle?

    <p>To make the least well-off group in a community as well-off as possible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the problem with achieving global justice according to the text?

    <p>The lack of a global sovereign power to enforce principles of justice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does acting morally involve?

    <p>Free will, good intentions, and being free from fear or self-interest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to contractualism, when does justice arise?

    <p>When there is a conflict of interest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is inter-generational transmission of acquired wealth acceptable at the international level?

    <p>No</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are categorical imperatives according to Kant?

    <p>Unconditional rules that apply universally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is distributive justice for Aristotle about?

    <p>Offices and honors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the problem of global justice according to the text?

    <p>The lack of a global sovereign power to enforce principles of justice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Aristotle believe debates about justice are necessarily debates about?

    <p>Honor, virtue, and the nature of the good life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should natural endowments of intelligence and talent affect the distribution of resources in society, according to Dworkin?

    <p>They should have no impact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is inter-generational transmission of acquired wealth acceptable at the international level?

    <p>No</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Kant, what does freedom mean?

    <p>Acting according to a law we give to ourselves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which philosopher believed in the concept of natural rights?

    <p>John Locke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which philosophical concept did Nozick believe in?

    <p>Natural rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should natural endowments of intelligence and talent affect the distribution of resources in society according to Dworkin?

    <p>They should have no impact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Aristotle's view emphasize?

    <p>The social nature of humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What values do Asian societies place greater importance on?

    <p>Family and social harmony</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to McIntyre, where does moral behavior begin?

    <p>With the good practice of a profession, trade, or art</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concept of state of affairs used for?

    <p>To distinguish between teleological and non-teleological ethics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the extreme form of nationalism?

    <p>Patriotism that promotes the superiority of one's own country and military policies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Mill argue about maximizing utility for society?

    <p>Only long-term effects should be considered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does McIntyre argue is the starting point for moral behavior?

    <p>Good practice of a profession, trade, or art</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of basic liberties and rights according to justice as fairness?

    <p>To exercise moral powers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What values do Asian societies place greater importance on?

    <p>Family and social harmony, with communitarian values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What theory justifies immigration through individual property rights?

    <p>Libertarianism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concept of state of affairs used for?

    <p>To distinguish between teleological and non-teleological ethics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of government according to John Locke?

    <p>To uphold and protect natural rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the extreme form of patriotism that promotes the superiority of one's own country and military policies?

    <p>Nationalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is fundamental to exercise moral powers according to Justice as fairness?

    <p>Basic liberties and rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lens can democracy be viewed through?

    <p>Majoritarian or partnership</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which moral theory invokes individual property rights to justify immigration?

    <p>Libertarianism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Kantian notion that Nozick believed in?

    <p>Treating people as ends, not means</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Mill distinguish between pleasures?

    <p>He distinguishes between higher and lower pleasures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of a theory of just taxation?

    <p>Equal concern and personal responsibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Dworkin reject as an interpretation of distributive equality?

    <p>Equality of welfare</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Dworkin reject as an interpretation of distributive equality?

    <p>Equality of welfare</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is political patriotism or "socratic" citizenship?

    <p>A morally correct form of patriotism that emphasizes social cooperation and defending human rights and social justice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is ethical egoism?

    <p>Pursuing self-interest, but this can be self-defeating and not advantageous for everyone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What theory justifies an active state with positive responsibilities for social welfare?

    <p>Contractualism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is political patriotism or "socratic" citizenship?

    <p>A morally correct form of patriotism that emphasizes social cooperation and defending human rights and social justice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three ways to reduce global inequality?

    <p>High growth rate, global redistributive scheme, and migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What solution to global poverty does Peter Singer propose in "Famine, Affluence and Morality"?

    <p>Effective altruism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Peter Singer's "Famine, Affluence and Morality" argue for?

    <p>Effective altruism as a solution to global poverty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three ways to reduce global inequality?

    <p>High growth rate, global redistributive scheme, and migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Locke, how is private property created?

    <p>Through labor and raw materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who are the actors in the Society of Peoples according to Rawls' The Law of Peoples?

    <p>Liberal democratic people and decent peoples</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is private property created according to Locke?

    <p>Through labor and raw materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who are the actors in the Society of Peoples, according to Rawls' The Law of Peoples?

    <p>Liberal democratic people and decent peoples</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Kant propose in his Project for a Perpetual Peace?

    <p>A social contract among states to protect peace</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory justifies an active state with positive responsibilities for social welfare?

    <p>Contractualism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are categorical imperatives according to Kant?

    <p>Unconditional and apply universally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the relationship between individual rights and belonging to a suitable society?

    <p>Individual rights are inseparable from the obligation to belong to a suitable society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Pareto optimality?

    <p>A state allocation of resources where no one can be made better off without making someone else worse off.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can cultural factors affect the prioritizing, justification, and moral foundations of rights?

    <p>They can affect the prioritizing, justification, and moral foundations of rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Pareto optimality?

    <p>A state allocation of resources where no one can be made better off without making someone else worse off.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary goods according to Justice as fairness?

    <p>Basic rights, freedoms, powers, income, wealth, and self-respect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can cultural factors affect rights?

    <p>They can affect the prioritizing, justification, and moral foundations of rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Mill distinguish between higher and lower pleasures?

    <p>Higher pleasures are intellectual pleasures and lower pleasures are physical pleasures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is ethical egoism?

    <p>Pursuing self-interest, but this can be self-defeating and not advantageous for everyone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of politics for Aristotle?

    <p>To form good citizens and cultivate good character</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the "Experience Machine" and "Utility Monster" thought experiments used for?

    <p>To criticize utilitarianism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is distributive justice for Aristotle about?

    <p>Offices and honors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the "Experience Machine" and "Utility Monster" thought experiments used for?

    <p>To criticize utilitarianism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who offered a social contractarian alternative to utilitarianism?

    <p>John Rawls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Sen believe has intrinsic importance?

    <p>Democratic rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who offered a social contractarian methodological alternative to utilitarianism?

    <p>John Rawls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a theory of just taxation consider?

    <p>Equal concern and personal responsibility, with a focus on ex ante equality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary goods according to justice as fairness?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the theory of moral sentiments suggest?

    <p>Humans desire mutual sympathy of sentiments with others to form moral sentiments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do communitarians propose to create a civic culture and limit markets in certain social practices?

    <p>Mandatory public services and promoting public schools</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference principle?

    <p>A distributive principle subordinated to fair opportunities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does preference utilitarianism focus on?

    <p>The satisfaction of preferences or desires rather than pleasure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does Aristotle reject both oligarchy and democracy?

    <p>They overlook the highest end of political association</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism does Dworkin suggest to fix a fair initial endowment of resources?

    <p>A market mechanism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Kant, how can perpetual peace be secured?

    <p>Through universal democracy and international cooperation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the aim of the principles of justice among free and democratic peoples, according to Rawls?

    <p>To preserve equality and independence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory considers the benefits of immigration?

    <p>Utilitarianism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Nozick's entitlement conception of justice?

    <p>The right to self-ownership and acquired holdings through labor or voluntary transactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Kant's Project for a Perpetual Peace?

    <p>A social contract among states to protect peace</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is justice according to David Hume?

    <p>Derived from passions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of politics for Aristotle?

    <p>To form good citizens and cultivate good character</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the principles of justice among free and democratic peoples aim to preserve according to Rawls?

    <p>Equality and independence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism does Dworkin suggest to fix a fair initial endowment of resources?

    <p>A market mechanism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Nozick's entitlement conception of justice?

    <p>The right to self-ownership and acquired holdings through labor or voluntary transactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some critiques of Singer's approach to global poverty?

    <p>Its unrealistic and overdemanding standards, futility, and complicity in reinforcing an unjust system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are international distributive obligations founded on?

    <p>Justice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Sen reject in terms of evaluating people's benefits?

    <p>Subjective criteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of society does Rawls believe is fair?

    <p>A society with a fair system of social cooperation between free and equal citizens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some critiques of Singer's approach to global poverty?

    <p>Its unrealistic and overdemanding standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be used to achieve ex ante equality through progressive taxation?

    <p>The insurance metaphor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are international distributive obligations founded on?

    <p>Justice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the theory of moral sentiments suggest?

    <p>Humans desire mutual sympathy of sentiments with others to form moral sentiments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of society does Rawls believe in?

    <p>A society that is fair to all citizens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cosmopolitanism?

    <p>The view that the moral standing of all people around the world is equal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metaphor can be used to achieve ex ante equality through progressive taxation?

    <p>The insurance metaphor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cosmopolitanism?

    <p>The view that the moral standing of all people around the world is equal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of government according to Locke?

    <p>To uphold and protect natural rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Arrow's impossibility theorem state?

    <p>That there is no social welfare function that can satisfy certain axioms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do communitarians believe determines the goods we should feel committed to?

    <p>The community in which we are living</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What moral theory considers the benefits of immigration?

    <p>Utilitarianism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does preference utilitarianism focus on?

    <p>The satisfaction of preferences or desires</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Arrow's impossibility theorem state?

    <p>That there is no social welfare function that can satisfy certain axioms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do communitarians believe determines the goods we should feel committed to?

    <p>The community in which we are living</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distributive principle subordinated to fair opportunities according to Justice as fairness?

    <p>The difference principle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should governments do to avoid massive HR deficits?

    <p>Satisfy basic conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does justice involve?

    <p>Negative duties to guard life, property, and promises</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the effect of inequality on civic virtue?

    <p>It is corrosive to civic virtue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of justice in regulating interpersonal relations and establishing a stable political society?

    <p>Justice is a fundamental virtue for regulating interpersonal relations and establishing a stable political society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of individual rights in a democracy?

    <p>They should be embedded in a constitution interpreted by judges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Murray Rothbard oppose?

    <p>Central banking and the fractional-reserve banking system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What strategy do representatives follow in the original position according to Rawls?

    <p>Max-min</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three conditions proposed by Kant for a perpetual peace?

    <p>Republican structure, federation of free states, and the right of hospitality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary for humans to realize their nature and exercise their faculty of language, according to Aristotle?

    <p>Living in a polis and participating in politics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Sen's Liberal paradox critique?

    <p>Welfarism by arguing that it is impossible to simultaneously achieve minimal liberalism and Pareto efficiency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do individuals do in the initial contracting situation according to Rawls?

    <p>They agree on the principles of justice that are to regulate their basic institutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What strategy does Rawls assume representatives follow in the original position according to Justice as fairness?

    <p>A max-min strategy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Michael Walzer's theory of justice based on?

    <p>Complex equality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Rawls, what is key to understanding if a nation is geared for war?

    <p>The internal conditions of a nation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which philosopher supported absolutism?

    <p>Thomas Hobbes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What theory justifies exclusion by the right of communities of self-determination?

    <p>Communitarianism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Michael Walzer's theory of justice based on?

    <p>Complex equality, which requires that each good be distributed according to its social meaning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Nozick advocate for in terms of markets?

    <p>Limited government intervention in markets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should governments do to avoid massive HR deficits?

    <p>Satisfy basic conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does justice comprise according to Hume?

    <p>Principles of stability, consent, and promises</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Sen's Liberal paradox?

    <p>A critique of welfarism by arguing that it is impossible to simultaneously achieve minimal liberalism and Pareto efficiency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does Aristotle reject both oligarchy and democracy?

    <p>They overlook the highest end of political association</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the implication of caring for living people?

    <p>It implies a concern for future generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Dworkin suggest for marketable talent and handicaps?

    <p>A combination of both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Dworkin suggest for external resources and marketable talent and handicaps?

    <p>A theoretical equal auction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Rawls believe is key to understanding if a nation is geared for war?

    <p>Its internal conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory justifies exclusion by the right of communities of self-determination?

    <p>Communitarianism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Murray Rothbard oppose?

    <p>Central banking and the fractional-reserve banking system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial contracting situation in contractualism?

    <p>A situation where individuals are presumed to be in harmony of interest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Nozick advocate for in terms of markets?

    <p>Unfettered markets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does justice involve?

    <p>Negative duties to guard life, property, and promises</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of justice in interpersonal relations and political society according to the text?

    <p>Justice is a fundamental virtue for regulating interpersonal relations and establishing a stable political society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Kant, how can perpetual peace be secured?

    <p>Through universal democracy and international cooperation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what does concern for present people imply?

    <p>A concern for future generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Sen believe is important in collective actions?

    <p>Commitment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can democracy be viewed?

    <p>Through procedural and partnership lenses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four rival systems of distribution according to justice as fairness?

    <p>Feudal, libertarian, meritocratic, and prioritarian</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does social justice include?

    <p>Some degree of duties of beneficence for a fair society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does social justice include?

    <p>Some degree of duties of beneficence for a fair society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Rawls' thought experiment in the original position emphasize?

    <p>The need to ensure that each generation has the necessities to flourish and have a good life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Rawls' thought experiment in the original position emphasize?

    <p>The need to ensure that each generation has the necessities to flourish and have a good life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the ancients and moderns differ in their understanding of justice?

    <p>The ancients believe justice is a matter of fit, while moderns believe it is a matter of choice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the ancients and moderns differ in their understanding of justice?

    <p>The ancients viewed justice as a matter of fit, while moderns viewed it as a matter of choice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Hume, where does justice come from?

    <p>Passion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of natural rights according to Locke?

    <p>To be protected by the government</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a republic and a democracy according to Kant?

    <p>In a democracy, the legislative branch can curtail the excesses of the executive branch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes Kant's ideal republic?

    <p>Freedom and equality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is the founder of modern utilitarianism?

    <p>Bentham</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is the founder of modern utilitarianism?

    <p>Bentham</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Murray Rothbard critical of?

    <p>Egalitarianism and government interference with property rights and the free market economy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Murray Rothbard oppose in relation to property rights and the free market economy?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the debate over surrogacy contracts about?

    <p>The objections about contaminated consent and the degradation of human beings and goods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the objections raised about surrogacy contracts?

    <p>The risk of contaminated consent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the "veil of ignorance" in Rawls' theory?

    <p>A metaphor for the ignorance of the parties in the initial contracting situation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the "veil of ignorance" in contractualism?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four rival systems of distribution according to Justice as fairness?

    <p>Feudal, libertarian, meritocratic, and prioritarian</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinction does Dworkin make in relation to luck?

    <p>Between brute luck and option luck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between brute luck and option luck according to Dworkin?

    <p>Brute luck is based on natural endowments, while option luck is based on choices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for the partnership view of democracy?

    <p>Mutual respect and attention among parties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for the partnership view of democracy?

    <p>Mutual respect and attention among parties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What approach does Sen take?

    <p>Pluralist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Aristotle, how can humans realize their nature and exercise their faculty of language?

    <p>By participating in politics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the aim of the moral life for Aristotle?

    <p>Happiness through virtuous actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary good that is distributed to one another in the political community?

    <p>Membership in some human community</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the setting for distributive justice according to Walzer?

    <p>The political community</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Michael Sandel's view on communitarian claims?

    <p>Neither A nor B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the aim of the application of Rawls' principles, according to the text?

    <p>To assure the democratic peace</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the application of Rawls' principles assure according to the text?

    <p>The democratic peace</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the present rules of the economy produce?

    <p>Massive HR deficits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the present rules of the economy produce?

    <p>Massive HR deficits and injustice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the collective action problem associated with climate change?

    <p>Climate change is a public good</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is climate change considered as?

    <p>A public good with a collective action problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does a meritocratic society have an unjust outcome according to Justice as fairness?

    <p>It depends on an initial distribution of native endowments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the criticism of procedural democracies?

    <p>They can be disrespectful of the rule of law and minorities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does a meritocratic society have an unjust outcome according to justice as fairness?

    <p>Because it depends on an initial distribution of native endowments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is majority rule not always appropriate?

    <p>Both A and C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do parties in the original position opt for in contractualism?

    <p>Two principles of justice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do parties in the original position rationally opt for according to Rawls?

    <p>Two principles of justice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Sen critique about Rawls' idea?

    <p>Primary goods are not the appropriate measure to evaluate people's benefits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What issue is raised by winner-takes-all markets?

    <p>Waste and excess</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which duties are more stringent, according to the text?

    <p>Negative duties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the aim of the moral life according to Aristotle?

    <p>Aiming for happiness through virtuous actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the problem with winner-takes-all markets?

    <p>They generate waste and attract too many contestants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Aristotle's view on slavery?

    <p>It is unacceptable and should be abolished</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do libertarians believe about civil liberties and the state?

    <p>They believe the state should have no control over civil liberties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do libertarians stand for?

    <p>Property rights and the free market economy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is ideal contractualism?

    <p>An approach to do justice in the globe as a whole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the life boat case raise objections to?

    <p>Utilitarianism, including the violation of individual rights and the difficulty of measuring all moral goods on a single scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ethical objections are raised by the life boat case?

    <p>The violation of individual rights and the difficulty of measuring all moral goods on a single scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is ideal contractualism?

    <p>An approach to do justice in the globe as a whole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Kant propose as the key to the relations between men?

    <p>Legal power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of duties are more stringent?

    <p>Negative duties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which philosophical views prioritize individual rights over the good life?

    <p>Rawls and Kant's view</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Kant believe is the best organization for states?

    <p>A federation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does public reason involve, according to the text?

    <p>Justifying a particular position by way of reasons that people of different moral beliefs could accept</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between justice and social cooperation according to Hume?

    <p>Justice is beneficial for social cooperation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indefensible according to the text?

    <p>Social discount rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does public reason involve according to the text?

    <p>Justifying a particular position by way of reasons that people of different moral beliefs could accept</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the social contract according to Hobbes?

    <p>A surrendering of rights to an authority for security</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the social contract theory show about human interests and fair principles?

    <p>Human interests are best protected by political society, and fair principles result from a fair starting point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the responsibility of citizens in regards to unjust policies?

    <p>Oppose them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the social contract theory show about human interests and fair principles?

    <p>Human interests are best protected by political society and fair principles result from a fair starting point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duty of present generations to future generations?

    <p>To leave the earth's life-sustaining capacities in good shape and maintain public goods created by past generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the responsibility of citizens in opposing unjust policies?

    <p>They should engage in civil disobedience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What duty do present generations have to future generations, according to the text?

    <p>To leave the earth's life-sustaining capacities in good shape and maintain public goods created by past generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indefensible according to the text?

    <p>Social discount rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should society try to do in relation to the theoretical auction and hypothetical insurance markets, according to Dworkin?

    <p>Mimic their outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should society try to do in terms of its institutions according to Dworkin?

    <p>Mimic the outcomes of the theoretical auction with hypothetical insurance markets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can radical inequality be addressed?

    <p>Through shared social institutions' responsibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first principle of justice according to Rawls?

    <p>Each person has the same indefeasible claim to a fully adequate scheme of equal basic liberties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be balanced with theoretical accounts of moral theories in reflective equilibrium?

    <p>Common sense morality and moral intuition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three views about markets mentioned in the text?

    <p>Libertarianism, utilitarianism, and skepticism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What presupposes a bounded world within which distribution takes place?

    <p>The idea of distributive justice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two principles that define the basis and condition of human dignity, according to Dworkin?

    <p>Intrinsic value and personal responsibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between justice and a good life according to the text?

    <p>Justice is essential to a good life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Capability approach value over subjective well-being or resource wealth?

    <p>Functioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the difference principle represent according to justice as fairness?

    <p>An agreement to regard the distribution of native endowments as a common asset</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three conditions for a perpetual peace according to Kant?

    <p>Republican structure, federation of free states, and the right of hospitality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is defended by three different ethical philosophies?

    <p>The non-aggression axiom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is justice essential to a good life?

    <p>Justice is necessary for the common good and a stable society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the non-aggression axiom defended by?

    <p>Emotivism, utilitarianism, and natural rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is self-transcendence?

    <p>Going beyond one's own individual self and connecting with something larger or more meaningful than oneself</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will climate change cause according to the text?

    <p>Severe human rights violations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can justice be linked to a community's shared values or the moral importance of promoting certain ends?

    <p>It can be linked to both a community's shared values and the moral importance of promoting certain ends</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is majority rule not appropriate in a democracy?

    <p>When personal ethical or religious values are at stake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Aristotle's view on slavery?

    <p>It is unacceptable and should be abolished</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two principles that define the basis and condition of human dignity according to Dworkin?

    <p>Intrinsic value and personal responsibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will climate change cause according to the text?

    <p>Severe human rights violations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the right to hospitality according to Kant?

    <p>The right to free movement of people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is important but not sufficient for substantive fairness?

    <p>Equal suffrage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does self-transcendence involve?

    <p>Going beyond one's own individual self and connecting with something larger or more meaningful than oneself</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the idea of distributive justice presuppose?

    <p>A bounded world within which distribution takes place</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the difference principle represent according to Justice as fairness?

    <p>An agreement to regard the distribution of native endowments as a common asset.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first principle of justice in contractualism?

    <p>Each person has the same indefeasible claim to a fully adequate scheme of equal basic liberties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do modern theories of justice emphasize?

    <p>Freedom and choice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the content of public reasons in the Society of Peoples, according to the text?

    <p>The Law of Peoples</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three views about markets discussed in the text?

    <p>Libertarianism, utilitarianism, and skepticism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be balanced with theoretical accounts of moral theories in reflective equilibrium?

    <p>Common sense morality and moral intuition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the individual in the social contract according to Locke?

    <p>To enter into a contract to protect their property</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Ford Pinto case illustrate?

    <p>The use of cost-benefit analysis in utilitarianism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can radical inequality be addressed?

    <p>Through shared social institutions' responsibility, uncompensated exclusion from use of natural resources, and effects of a common violent history</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the content of public reasons in the Society of Peoples according to the text?

    <p>The Law of Peoples</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which philosopher believed that justice is beneficial for social cooperation?

    <p>David Hume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Ford Pinto case illustrate?

    <p>The use of cost-benefit analysis in utilitarianism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Hobbes, what is injustice?

    <p>Breaking the social contract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do global principles differ from domestic egalitarian principles according to Justice as fairness?

    <p>They have different content.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What criteria do non-liberal societies need to meet to adopt Rawls' principles according to the text?

    <p>They need to include basic human rights, moral duties, and obligations compatible with justice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difficulty with applying Nozick's rights theories to intergenerational justice?

    <p>The concept of rights for future generations is difficult to define</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must individuals be to accomplish the common good?

    <p>Good citizens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the total reduction commitment in emissions?

    <p>Baseline year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can responsibility for historic emissions be determined?

    <p>Through various principles such as polluter-pays, no-fault, and ability-to-pay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is aid helpful for development?

    <p>When conditions for development are present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do global principles differ from domestic egalitarian principles according to justice as fairness?

    <p>Global principles focus on basic liberties, while domestic egalitarian principles focus on social and economic inequalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the central features of political society according to the text?

    <p>The equal worth of persons and the value of reciprocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for political legitimacy?

    <p>Equal concern and respect for individual responsibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is discussed in terms of property rights?

    <p>Ownership of self, material objects, and earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary for promoting social justice and a more just and peaceful society, according to the text?

    <p>A shift in perspective from a narrow focus to a bigger perspective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some factors that affect one's sense of attachment and belonging?

    <p>Identity, patriotism, citizenship, and cosmopolitanism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is seen as a social good that is already owned and given to strangers?

    <p>Membership</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must a satisfactory life have according to Dworkin?

    <p>Close personal relationships or important achievements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ethical dilemma is presented in the trade-offs between life and higher salary?

    <p>An ethical dilemma in utilitarianism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some factors that affect one's sense of attachment and belonging?

    <p>Identity, patriotism, citizenship, and cosmopolitanism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is seen as a social good that is already owned and given to strangers?

    <p>Membership</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What challenge do Nozick's rights theories face in the context of intergenerational justice?

    <p>Defining the concept of rights for future generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is aid helpful?

    <p>When conditions for development are present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Kant's view on republics and peace?

    <p>Republics guarantee peace through freedom, equality, representation, and the separation of powers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is discussed in terms of property rights?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two conditions that social and economic inequalities must satisfy according to Rawls?

    <p>They must benefit the least advantaged individuals and be justifiable to the most advantaged individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for a just society?

    <p>A strong sense of community and concern for the common good</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for political legitimacy?

    <p>Equal concern and respect for individual responsibility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Kant, where does the guarantee of perpetual peace come from?

    <p>Providence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary for promoting social justice and a more just and peaceful society?

    <p>A shift in perspective from a narrow focus to a bigger perspective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some of the important functionings supported by the Capability approach?

    <p>Health, education, and shelter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between justice and artificial virtue according to Hobbes?

    <p>Justice is an artificial virtue necessary for civil society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What criteria do non-liberal societies need to meet to adopt Rawls' principles, according to the text?

    <p>They need to have no aggressive aims and aim to achieve ends through diplomacy, trade, and peace</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basis for determining our rights, according to the text?

    <p>Neither A nor B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must a satisfactory life have, according to Dworkin?

    <p>Close personal relationships or important achievements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the second principle of justice in contractualism?

    <p>Social and economic inequalities are to satisfy two conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do modern theories of justice emphasize?

    <p>The fit between person and ends</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the social and economic inequalities that benefit the least-advantaged members of society according to Justice as fairness?

    <p>Those that maximize the total amount of welfare in society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basis for defining our rights according to the text?

    <p>Any particular moral view or religious conception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the "aid illusion"?

    <p>The belief that aid can solve poverty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does libertarianism support in relation to private property?

    <p>The absolute right to private property</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the different definitions of nation?

    <p>Ethnic/cultural/religious vs. manufactured language/history/culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Aristotle's view on justice in relation to the telos or purpose of social practices?

    <p>It involves giving people what they deserve based on the telos or purpose of the social practice in question</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential consequence of extreme nationalism, according to the text?

    <p>Conflict and violence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does libertarianism support?

    <p>The natural-rights defense of private property</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What leads to contests for mutual aid?

    <p>The absence of a cooperative arrangement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the different definitions of nation?

    <p>Ethnic/cultural/religious vs. manufactured language/history/culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What leads to contests for mutual aid?

    <p>The absence of a cooperative arrangement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is a republic different from a democracy according to Kant?

    <p>In a republic, the judiciary branch can curtail the excesses of the executive branch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the total reduction commitment in emissions?

    <p>Baseline year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Kant believe politicians must do to achieve perpetual peace?

    <p>Behave like moral men</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can provide the basis for better mutual respect?

    <p>Civic engagement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of absolutism according to Hobbes?

    <p>To establish order and stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental question of political legitimacy, according to Dworkin?

    <p>What conditions must people with power meet to be entitled to act as government?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Rawls, what is the objective of well-ordered societies?

    <p>To become well-ordered Peoples</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principles comprise justice according to Hume?

    <p>Stability, consent, and promises</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Rawls believe should be the resolution for themes of distributive justice?

    <p>They should be resolved within a political community</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concept of welfare rights?

    <p>Rights to services provided by the state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of duties are enforceable according to the text?

    <p>Duties of justice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Does ODA and aid solve poverty?

    <p>No</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of social and economic inequalities according to justice as fairness?

    <p>To benefit the least-advantaged members of society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gives states entitlement to historic emissions?

    <p>Grandfathering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do Western democracies limit majority power?

    <p>Through constitutions and Supreme Courts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition for social and economic inequalities to be acceptable in contractualism?

    <p>They should benefit the worst-off class of individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is democracy legitimate?

    <p>Because it allows for self-government and equal participation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the obligation of individuals towards future generations, according to the text?

    <p>To protect the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors affect commodity requirements according to the text?

    <p>Individual physiology and local environment diversities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the second principle assign personal responsibility for?

    <p>Life choices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the state of nature according to Locke?

    <p>A golden age where virtues and justice thrive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could provide relief from an equal per capita emissions reduction regime?

    <p>Cap and trade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been proposed as a solution to equal per capita emissions reduction regime?

    <p>Cap and trade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between social convention and justice according to Hume?

    <p>Social convention is necessary for justice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a plausible theory of legitimacy, according to Dworkin?

    <p>Citizens born in a community have an obligation to that community and its laws, but only if the government respects their human dignity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do communitarians propose to limit in certain social practices?

    <p>Markets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does libertarianism oppose in relation to the means of production?

    <p>Government ownership</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What requires protecting individual rights from coercive authority of others?

    <p>Partnership democracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the criticism of equality of opportunities in Western democracies?

    <p>It is more formal than substantive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Kant, what is peace?

    <p>A moral ideal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Kant believe is the best organization for states?

    <p>A federation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental question of political legitimacy according to Dworkin?

    <p>What conditions people with power must meet to be entitled to act as government?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concept of welfare rights?

    <p>Rights to government-provided services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nature of debates about justice according to Aristotle?

    <p>Debates about honor, virtue, and the good life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Walzer analyze the relationships between?

    <p>Members and strangers, neighborhoods, clubs, families, refugees, and guest workers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does libertarianism oppose?

    <p>Government ownership of means of production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the highest end of political association for Aristotle?

    <p>Cultivating the virtue of citizens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does aid weaken democracy?

    <p>By avoiding taxation and public political participation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the primary goods according to justice as fairness?

    <p>To ensure basic liberties and rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential conflict between the concept of community and individualism and natural rights approaches?

    <p>The concept of community may conflict with individualism and natural rights approaches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hydraulic theory?

    <p>A theory about money flow from rich to poor countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for basic rights such as security and subsistence to be enforced according to the text?

    <p>Government action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the limits of Rawls' view according to the text?

    <p>Migration, huge differences among countries, and unfairness of international order</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Sen believe is important for enhancing well-being, particularly for women in developing countries?

    <p>Agency and empowerment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • Global justice is concerned with how individuals and states should conduct themselves towards others and how international institutions can be restructured for a more just world.
    • It includes issues such as world poverty, immigration, and climate change.
    • Acting morally involves free will, good intentions, and being free from fear or self-interest.
    • Ethical egoism involves pursuing self-interest, but this can be self-defeating and not advantageous for everyone.
    • The theory of moral sentiments suggests that humans desire mutual sympathy of sentiments with others to form moral sentiments.
    • Justice involves negative duties to guard life, property, and promises, while beneficence involves positive duties to improve others' situations.
    • Social justice includes some degree of duties of beneficence for a fair society.
    • Negative duties are more stringent than positive duties.
    • Common sense morality and moral intuition can be balanced with theoretical accounts of moral theories in reflective equilibrium.
    • Identity, patriotism, citizenship, and cosmopolitanism are factors that affect one's sense of attachment and belonging.
    • Different definitions of nation exist: ethnic/cultural/religious vs. manufactured language/history/culture.
    • States create nations based on manufactured elements.
    • Country is an administrative notion of a nation-state bound by ethnicity, language, and culture.
    • Nationality is one's membership of the nation-state as a citizen.
    • Moral commitment to a nation is a matter of pragmatic convenience and reciprocal justice.
    • Obedience to laws, paying taxes, and political participation are requirements of good citizenship.
    • Good citizenship does not require a deeper form of loyalty such as love of country.

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    Description

    Are you interested in exploring the complex world of global justice and citizenship? This quiz will test your knowledge on topics such as ethical egoism, moral sentiments, and social justice. You'll also learn about the different definitions of nation, identity, and patriotism, and how they affect our sense of belonging and moral commitment. Challenge yourself and see how well you understand the concepts of justice, citizenship, and morality.

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