Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is Aristotle's view on justice?
What is Aristotle's view on justice?
- It is based on individual choice and freedom
- It is based on income and wealth
- It is irrelevant to the formation of good citizens and cultivation of good character
- It involves giving people what they deserve based on the telos or purpose of the social practice in question (correct)
What is Charles Taylor's emphasis on the modern self?
What is Charles Taylor's emphasis on the modern self?
- The individual's right to prioritize their own needs
- The social nature of selfhood and obligations towards communities (correct)
- The need for a strong government to regulate individual behavior
- The importance of personal freedom over community values
What is consequentialism?
What is consequentialism?
- A theory that evaluates the rightness of an action based on its consequences. (correct)
- A theory that evaluates the rightness of an action based on its intentions.
- A theory that evaluates the rightness of an action based on its tradition.
- A theory that evaluates the rightness of an action based on its emotions.
What does Dworkin advocate for in terms of equality?
What does Dworkin advocate for in terms of equality?
What is the focus of global justice?
What is the focus of global justice?
What is consequentialism?
What is consequentialism?
According to Amartya Sen, what is the potential consequence of exclusivist identity politics?
According to Amartya Sen, what is the potential consequence of exclusivist identity politics?
What are the major works of John Stuart Mill?
What are the major works of John Stuart Mill?
What do communitarians criticize Rawls and contractarianism for?
What do communitarians criticize Rawls and contractarianism for?
What is the focus of justice as fairness?
What is the focus of justice as fairness?
What is the Capability approach based on?
What is the Capability approach based on?
What is the rationale for immigration restriction according to national security concerns?
What is the rationale for immigration restriction according to national security concerns?
According to Amartya Sen, what is the potential danger of exclusivist identity politics?
According to Amartya Sen, what is the potential danger of exclusivist identity politics?
Which political theory aims to make the least well-off group in a community as well-off as possible?
Which political theory aims to make the least well-off group in a community as well-off as possible?
What is contractualism?
What is contractualism?
What is the focus of Justice as fairness?
What is the focus of Justice as fairness?
What is the relationship between duties and rights according to the text?
What is the relationship between duties and rights according to the text?
What is Ronald Dworkin's stance on equality of resources?
What is Ronald Dworkin's stance on equality of resources?
What are the two indicators of financial security?
What are the two indicators of financial security?
What is contractualism?
What is contractualism?
What is Aristotle's view of justice?
What is Aristotle's view of justice?
What is the relationship between duties and rights according to the text?
What is the relationship between duties and rights according to the text?
According to Thomas Hobbes, what is the state of nature like?
According to Thomas Hobbes, what is the state of nature like?
What are the indicators of financial security?
What are the indicators of financial security?
Who influenced Robert Nozick's libertarian philosophy?
Who influenced Robert Nozick's libertarian philosophy?
According to the text, why can't the government avoid responsibility for the resources of its citizens?
According to the text, why can't the government avoid responsibility for the resources of its citizens?
According to Thomas Hobbes, what is the state of nature like?
According to Thomas Hobbes, what is the state of nature like?
What does Alasdair McIntyre criticize moral theories of Enlightenment and post-Enlightenment for?
What does Alasdair McIntyre criticize moral theories of Enlightenment and post-Enlightenment for?
What did Robert Nozick believe about the role of the state?
What did Robert Nozick believe about the role of the state?
What did Immanuel Kant believe confers moral worth on an action?
What did Immanuel Kant believe confers moral worth on an action?
What is the focus of global justice?
What is the focus of global justice?
What do communitarians criticize Rawls and contractarianism for?
What do communitarians criticize Rawls and contractarianism for?
Which moral theory disagrees with immigration restriction?
Which moral theory disagrees with immigration restriction?
According to Alasdair McIntyre, why are moral theories of Enlightenment and post-Enlightenment criticized?
According to Alasdair McIntyre, why are moral theories of Enlightenment and post-Enlightenment criticized?
What is Immanuel Kant's view on morality?
What is Immanuel Kant's view on morality?
Which of the following is NOT one of John Stuart Mill's major works?
Which of the following is NOT one of John Stuart Mill's major works?
According to Kant, what does freedom mean?
According to Kant, what does freedom mean?
How many traditions are there in contractualism?
How many traditions are there in contractualism?
Which philosophical view prioritizes individual rights over society?
Which philosophical view prioritizes individual rights over society?
What was Nozick's stance on the role of the state?
What was Nozick's stance on the role of the state?
What did Kant believe confers moral worth on an action?
What did Kant believe confers moral worth on an action?
Which of the following is NOT considered a basic right according to the text?
Which of the following is NOT considered a basic right according to the text?
What is utilitarianism?
What is utilitarianism?
Which of the following is NOT considered a basic right?
Which of the following is NOT considered a basic right?
What does McIntyre believe is the key to comprehending morals and virtues?
What does McIntyre believe is the key to comprehending morals and virtues?
Which philosopher influenced Robert Nozick's libertarian beliefs?
Which philosopher influenced Robert Nozick's libertarian beliefs?
According to Dworkin, who is responsible for life choices?
According to Dworkin, who is responsible for life choices?
What does justice involve according to Aristotle?
What does justice involve according to Aristotle?
What does Mill believe about individual liberty?
What does Mill believe about individual liberty?
According to communitarians, where should justice derive from?
According to communitarians, where should justice derive from?
What are some of the issues included in global justice?
What are some of the issues included in global justice?
What are the three main focuses of the Capability approach?
What are the three main focuses of the Capability approach?
What is utilitarianism?
What is utilitarianism?
According to Mill, what is the role of government in relation to individual liberty?
According to Mill, what is the role of government in relation to individual liberty?
What is the social contract according to Hobbes?
What is the social contract according to Hobbes?
What is the main cause of global inequality?
What is the main cause of global inequality?
Which two theories are criticized for not respecting human dignity and equal concern for citizens?
Which two theories are criticized for not respecting human dignity and equal concern for citizens?
What are some of the issues included in global justice?
What are some of the issues included in global justice?
According to communitarians, where should justice derive from?
According to communitarians, where should justice derive from?
Based on Derek Parfit's argument, what is personal identity based on?
Based on Derek Parfit's argument, what is personal identity based on?
How many traditions of contractualism are there?
How many traditions of contractualism are there?
What did Hobbes believe about justice?
What did Hobbes believe about justice?
What are the two principles that regulate a fair society according to justice as fairness?
What are the two principles that regulate a fair society according to justice as fairness?
According to Dworkin, who is responsible for life choices?
According to Dworkin, who is responsible for life choices?
What are debates about justice for Aristotle necessarily debates about?
What are debates about justice for Aristotle necessarily debates about?
What could be a rationale for immigration restriction?
What could be a rationale for immigration restriction?
What is the criticism of Rawls' principle?
What is the criticism of Rawls' principle?
What are the two principles that regulate a fair society according to Justice as fairness?
What are the two principles that regulate a fair society according to Justice as fairness?
What moral theory agrees that there is little justification for immigration restriction?
What moral theory agrees that there is little justification for immigration restriction?
What is the main reason for global inequality?
What is the main reason for global inequality?
According to McIntyre, how are morals and virtues comprehended?
According to McIntyre, how are morals and virtues comprehended?
What is Derek Parfit's view of personal identity?
What is Derek Parfit's view of personal identity?
What does acting morally involve?
What does acting morally involve?
What does Mill argue should be considered when maximizing utility for society?
What does Mill argue should be considered when maximizing utility for society?
When does justice arise in contractualism?
When does justice arise in contractualism?
What does Sen value over pleasure?
What does Sen value over pleasure?
What is the aim of Rawls' principle?
What is the aim of Rawls' principle?
What is the problem with achieving global justice according to the text?
What is the problem with achieving global justice according to the text?
What does acting morally involve?
What does acting morally involve?
According to contractualism, when does justice arise?
According to contractualism, when does justice arise?
Is inter-generational transmission of acquired wealth acceptable at the international level?
Is inter-generational transmission of acquired wealth acceptable at the international level?
What are categorical imperatives according to Kant?
What are categorical imperatives according to Kant?
What is distributive justice for Aristotle about?
What is distributive justice for Aristotle about?
What is the problem of global justice according to the text?
What is the problem of global justice according to the text?
What does Aristotle believe debates about justice are necessarily debates about?
What does Aristotle believe debates about justice are necessarily debates about?
How should natural endowments of intelligence and talent affect the distribution of resources in society, according to Dworkin?
How should natural endowments of intelligence and talent affect the distribution of resources in society, according to Dworkin?
Is inter-generational transmission of acquired wealth acceptable at the international level?
Is inter-generational transmission of acquired wealth acceptable at the international level?
According to Kant, what does freedom mean?
According to Kant, what does freedom mean?
Which philosopher believed in the concept of natural rights?
Which philosopher believed in the concept of natural rights?
Which philosophical concept did Nozick believe in?
Which philosophical concept did Nozick believe in?
How should natural endowments of intelligence and talent affect the distribution of resources in society according to Dworkin?
How should natural endowments of intelligence and talent affect the distribution of resources in society according to Dworkin?
What does Aristotle's view emphasize?
What does Aristotle's view emphasize?
What values do Asian societies place greater importance on?
What values do Asian societies place greater importance on?
According to McIntyre, where does moral behavior begin?
According to McIntyre, where does moral behavior begin?
What is the concept of state of affairs used for?
What is the concept of state of affairs used for?
What is the extreme form of nationalism?
What is the extreme form of nationalism?
What does Mill argue about maximizing utility for society?
What does Mill argue about maximizing utility for society?
What does McIntyre argue is the starting point for moral behavior?
What does McIntyre argue is the starting point for moral behavior?
What is the purpose of basic liberties and rights according to justice as fairness?
What is the purpose of basic liberties and rights according to justice as fairness?
What values do Asian societies place greater importance on?
What values do Asian societies place greater importance on?
What theory justifies immigration through individual property rights?
What theory justifies immigration through individual property rights?
What is the concept of state of affairs used for?
What is the concept of state of affairs used for?
What is the purpose of government according to John Locke?
What is the purpose of government according to John Locke?
What is the extreme form of patriotism that promotes the superiority of one's own country and military policies?
What is the extreme form of patriotism that promotes the superiority of one's own country and military policies?
What is fundamental to exercise moral powers according to Justice as fairness?
What is fundamental to exercise moral powers according to Justice as fairness?
Which lens can democracy be viewed through?
Which lens can democracy be viewed through?
Which moral theory invokes individual property rights to justify immigration?
Which moral theory invokes individual property rights to justify immigration?
What is the Kantian notion that Nozick believed in?
What is the Kantian notion that Nozick believed in?
How does Mill distinguish between pleasures?
How does Mill distinguish between pleasures?
What is the focus of a theory of just taxation?
What is the focus of a theory of just taxation?
What does Dworkin reject as an interpretation of distributive equality?
What does Dworkin reject as an interpretation of distributive equality?
What does Dworkin reject as an interpretation of distributive equality?
What does Dworkin reject as an interpretation of distributive equality?
What is political patriotism or "socratic" citizenship?
What is political patriotism or "socratic" citizenship?
What is ethical egoism?
What is ethical egoism?
What theory justifies an active state with positive responsibilities for social welfare?
What theory justifies an active state with positive responsibilities for social welfare?
What is political patriotism or "socratic" citizenship?
What is political patriotism or "socratic" citizenship?
What are the three ways to reduce global inequality?
What are the three ways to reduce global inequality?
What solution to global poverty does Peter Singer propose in "Famine, Affluence and Morality"?
What solution to global poverty does Peter Singer propose in "Famine, Affluence and Morality"?
What does Peter Singer's "Famine, Affluence and Morality" argue for?
What does Peter Singer's "Famine, Affluence and Morality" argue for?
What are the three ways to reduce global inequality?
What are the three ways to reduce global inequality?
According to Locke, how is private property created?
According to Locke, how is private property created?
Who are the actors in the Society of Peoples according to Rawls' The Law of Peoples?
Who are the actors in the Society of Peoples according to Rawls' The Law of Peoples?
How is private property created according to Locke?
How is private property created according to Locke?
Who are the actors in the Society of Peoples, according to Rawls' The Law of Peoples?
Who are the actors in the Society of Peoples, according to Rawls' The Law of Peoples?
What did Kant propose in his Project for a Perpetual Peace?
What did Kant propose in his Project for a Perpetual Peace?
Which theory justifies an active state with positive responsibilities for social welfare?
Which theory justifies an active state with positive responsibilities for social welfare?
What are categorical imperatives according to Kant?
What are categorical imperatives according to Kant?
According to the text, what is the relationship between individual rights and belonging to a suitable society?
According to the text, what is the relationship between individual rights and belonging to a suitable society?
What is Pareto optimality?
What is Pareto optimality?
How can cultural factors affect the prioritizing, justification, and moral foundations of rights?
How can cultural factors affect the prioritizing, justification, and moral foundations of rights?
What is Pareto optimality?
What is Pareto optimality?
What are the primary goods according to Justice as fairness?
What are the primary goods according to Justice as fairness?
How can cultural factors affect rights?
How can cultural factors affect rights?
How does Mill distinguish between higher and lower pleasures?
How does Mill distinguish between higher and lower pleasures?
What is ethical egoism?
What is ethical egoism?
What is the purpose of politics for Aristotle?
What is the purpose of politics for Aristotle?
What were the "Experience Machine" and "Utility Monster" thought experiments used for?
What were the "Experience Machine" and "Utility Monster" thought experiments used for?
What is distributive justice for Aristotle about?
What is distributive justice for Aristotle about?
What were the "Experience Machine" and "Utility Monster" thought experiments used for?
What were the "Experience Machine" and "Utility Monster" thought experiments used for?
Who offered a social contractarian alternative to utilitarianism?
Who offered a social contractarian alternative to utilitarianism?
What does Sen believe has intrinsic importance?
What does Sen believe has intrinsic importance?
Who offered a social contractarian methodological alternative to utilitarianism?
Who offered a social contractarian methodological alternative to utilitarianism?
What should a theory of just taxation consider?
What should a theory of just taxation consider?
What are the primary goods according to justice as fairness?
What are the primary goods according to justice as fairness?
What does the theory of moral sentiments suggest?
What does the theory of moral sentiments suggest?
What do communitarians propose to create a civic culture and limit markets in certain social practices?
What do communitarians propose to create a civic culture and limit markets in certain social practices?
What is the difference principle?
What is the difference principle?
What does preference utilitarianism focus on?
What does preference utilitarianism focus on?
Why does Aristotle reject both oligarchy and democracy?
Why does Aristotle reject both oligarchy and democracy?
What mechanism does Dworkin suggest to fix a fair initial endowment of resources?
What mechanism does Dworkin suggest to fix a fair initial endowment of resources?
According to Kant, how can perpetual peace be secured?
According to Kant, how can perpetual peace be secured?
What is the aim of the principles of justice among free and democratic peoples, according to Rawls?
What is the aim of the principles of justice among free and democratic peoples, according to Rawls?
Which theory considers the benefits of immigration?
Which theory considers the benefits of immigration?
What is Nozick's entitlement conception of justice?
What is Nozick's entitlement conception of justice?
What was Kant's Project for a Perpetual Peace?
What was Kant's Project for a Perpetual Peace?
What is justice according to David Hume?
What is justice according to David Hume?
What is the purpose of politics for Aristotle?
What is the purpose of politics for Aristotle?
What do the principles of justice among free and democratic peoples aim to preserve according to Rawls?
What do the principles of justice among free and democratic peoples aim to preserve according to Rawls?
What mechanism does Dworkin suggest to fix a fair initial endowment of resources?
What mechanism does Dworkin suggest to fix a fair initial endowment of resources?
What is Nozick's entitlement conception of justice?
What is Nozick's entitlement conception of justice?
What are some critiques of Singer's approach to global poverty?
What are some critiques of Singer's approach to global poverty?
What are international distributive obligations founded on?
What are international distributive obligations founded on?
What does Sen reject in terms of evaluating people's benefits?
What does Sen reject in terms of evaluating people's benefits?
What kind of society does Rawls believe is fair?
What kind of society does Rawls believe is fair?
What are some critiques of Singer's approach to global poverty?
What are some critiques of Singer's approach to global poverty?
What can be used to achieve ex ante equality through progressive taxation?
What can be used to achieve ex ante equality through progressive taxation?
What are international distributive obligations founded on?
What are international distributive obligations founded on?
What does the theory of moral sentiments suggest?
What does the theory of moral sentiments suggest?
What kind of society does Rawls believe in?
What kind of society does Rawls believe in?
What is cosmopolitanism?
What is cosmopolitanism?
Which metaphor can be used to achieve ex ante equality through progressive taxation?
Which metaphor can be used to achieve ex ante equality through progressive taxation?
What is cosmopolitanism?
What is cosmopolitanism?
What is the purpose of government according to Locke?
What is the purpose of government according to Locke?
What does Arrow's impossibility theorem state?
What does Arrow's impossibility theorem state?
What do communitarians believe determines the goods we should feel committed to?
What do communitarians believe determines the goods we should feel committed to?
What moral theory considers the benefits of immigration?
What moral theory considers the benefits of immigration?
What does preference utilitarianism focus on?
What does preference utilitarianism focus on?
What does Arrow's impossibility theorem state?
What does Arrow's impossibility theorem state?
What do communitarians believe determines the goods we should feel committed to?
What do communitarians believe determines the goods we should feel committed to?
What is the distributive principle subordinated to fair opportunities according to Justice as fairness?
What is the distributive principle subordinated to fair opportunities according to Justice as fairness?
What should governments do to avoid massive HR deficits?
What should governments do to avoid massive HR deficits?
What does justice involve?
What does justice involve?
According to the text, what is the effect of inequality on civic virtue?
According to the text, what is the effect of inequality on civic virtue?
What is the role of justice in regulating interpersonal relations and establishing a stable political society?
What is the role of justice in regulating interpersonal relations and establishing a stable political society?
What is the importance of individual rights in a democracy?
What is the importance of individual rights in a democracy?
What does Murray Rothbard oppose?
What does Murray Rothbard oppose?
What strategy do representatives follow in the original position according to Rawls?
What strategy do representatives follow in the original position according to Rawls?
What are the three conditions proposed by Kant for a perpetual peace?
What are the three conditions proposed by Kant for a perpetual peace?
What is necessary for humans to realize their nature and exercise their faculty of language, according to Aristotle?
What is necessary for humans to realize their nature and exercise their faculty of language, according to Aristotle?
What does Sen's Liberal paradox critique?
What does Sen's Liberal paradox critique?
What do individuals do in the initial contracting situation according to Rawls?
What do individuals do in the initial contracting situation according to Rawls?
What strategy does Rawls assume representatives follow in the original position according to Justice as fairness?
What strategy does Rawls assume representatives follow in the original position according to Justice as fairness?
What is Michael Walzer's theory of justice based on?
What is Michael Walzer's theory of justice based on?
According to Rawls, what is key to understanding if a nation is geared for war?
According to Rawls, what is key to understanding if a nation is geared for war?
Which philosopher supported absolutism?
Which philosopher supported absolutism?
What theory justifies exclusion by the right of communities of self-determination?
What theory justifies exclusion by the right of communities of self-determination?
What is Michael Walzer's theory of justice based on?
What is Michael Walzer's theory of justice based on?
What did Nozick advocate for in terms of markets?
What did Nozick advocate for in terms of markets?
What should governments do to avoid massive HR deficits?
What should governments do to avoid massive HR deficits?
What does justice comprise according to Hume?
What does justice comprise according to Hume?
What is Sen's Liberal paradox?
What is Sen's Liberal paradox?
Why does Aristotle reject both oligarchy and democracy?
Why does Aristotle reject both oligarchy and democracy?
What is the implication of caring for living people?
What is the implication of caring for living people?
What does Dworkin suggest for marketable talent and handicaps?
What does Dworkin suggest for marketable talent and handicaps?
What does Dworkin suggest for external resources and marketable talent and handicaps?
What does Dworkin suggest for external resources and marketable talent and handicaps?
What does Rawls believe is key to understanding if a nation is geared for war?
What does Rawls believe is key to understanding if a nation is geared for war?
Which theory justifies exclusion by the right of communities of self-determination?
Which theory justifies exclusion by the right of communities of self-determination?
What does Murray Rothbard oppose?
What does Murray Rothbard oppose?
What is the initial contracting situation in contractualism?
What is the initial contracting situation in contractualism?
What did Nozick advocate for in terms of markets?
What did Nozick advocate for in terms of markets?
What does justice involve?
What does justice involve?
What is the role of justice in interpersonal relations and political society according to the text?
What is the role of justice in interpersonal relations and political society according to the text?
According to Kant, how can perpetual peace be secured?
According to Kant, how can perpetual peace be secured?
According to the text, what does concern for present people imply?
According to the text, what does concern for present people imply?
What does Sen believe is important in collective actions?
What does Sen believe is important in collective actions?
How can democracy be viewed?
How can democracy be viewed?
What are the four rival systems of distribution according to justice as fairness?
What are the four rival systems of distribution according to justice as fairness?
What does social justice include?
What does social justice include?
What does social justice include?
What does social justice include?
What does Rawls' thought experiment in the original position emphasize?
What does Rawls' thought experiment in the original position emphasize?
What does Rawls' thought experiment in the original position emphasize?
What does Rawls' thought experiment in the original position emphasize?
How do the ancients and moderns differ in their understanding of justice?
How do the ancients and moderns differ in their understanding of justice?
How do the ancients and moderns differ in their understanding of justice?
How do the ancients and moderns differ in their understanding of justice?
According to Hume, where does justice come from?
According to Hume, where does justice come from?
What is the role of natural rights according to Locke?
What is the role of natural rights according to Locke?
What is the main difference between a republic and a democracy according to Kant?
What is the main difference between a republic and a democracy according to Kant?
What characterizes Kant's ideal republic?
What characterizes Kant's ideal republic?
Who is the founder of modern utilitarianism?
Who is the founder of modern utilitarianism?
Who is the founder of modern utilitarianism?
Who is the founder of modern utilitarianism?
What is Murray Rothbard critical of?
What is Murray Rothbard critical of?
What does Murray Rothbard oppose in relation to property rights and the free market economy?
What does Murray Rothbard oppose in relation to property rights and the free market economy?
What is the debate over surrogacy contracts about?
What is the debate over surrogacy contracts about?
What are the objections raised about surrogacy contracts?
What are the objections raised about surrogacy contracts?
What is the "veil of ignorance" in Rawls' theory?
What is the "veil of ignorance" in Rawls' theory?
What is the "veil of ignorance" in contractualism?
What is the "veil of ignorance" in contractualism?
What are the four rival systems of distribution according to Justice as fairness?
What are the four rival systems of distribution according to Justice as fairness?
What distinction does Dworkin make in relation to luck?
What distinction does Dworkin make in relation to luck?
What is the difference between brute luck and option luck according to Dworkin?
What is the difference between brute luck and option luck according to Dworkin?
What is required for the partnership view of democracy?
What is required for the partnership view of democracy?
What is required for the partnership view of democracy?
What is required for the partnership view of democracy?
What approach does Sen take?
What approach does Sen take?
According to Aristotle, how can humans realize their nature and exercise their faculty of language?
According to Aristotle, how can humans realize their nature and exercise their faculty of language?
What is the aim of the moral life for Aristotle?
What is the aim of the moral life for Aristotle?
What is the primary good that is distributed to one another in the political community?
What is the primary good that is distributed to one another in the political community?
What is the setting for distributive justice according to Walzer?
What is the setting for distributive justice according to Walzer?
What is Michael Sandel's view on communitarian claims?
What is Michael Sandel's view on communitarian claims?
What is the aim of the application of Rawls' principles, according to the text?
What is the aim of the application of Rawls' principles, according to the text?
What should the application of Rawls' principles assure according to the text?
What should the application of Rawls' principles assure according to the text?
What do the present rules of the economy produce?
What do the present rules of the economy produce?
What do the present rules of the economy produce?
What do the present rules of the economy produce?
What is the collective action problem associated with climate change?
What is the collective action problem associated with climate change?
What is climate change considered as?
What is climate change considered as?
Why does a meritocratic society have an unjust outcome according to Justice as fairness?
Why does a meritocratic society have an unjust outcome according to Justice as fairness?
What is the criticism of procedural democracies?
What is the criticism of procedural democracies?
Why does a meritocratic society have an unjust outcome according to justice as fairness?
Why does a meritocratic society have an unjust outcome according to justice as fairness?
Why is majority rule not always appropriate?
Why is majority rule not always appropriate?
What do parties in the original position opt for in contractualism?
What do parties in the original position opt for in contractualism?
What do parties in the original position rationally opt for according to Rawls?
What do parties in the original position rationally opt for according to Rawls?
What does Sen critique about Rawls' idea?
What does Sen critique about Rawls' idea?
What issue is raised by winner-takes-all markets?
What issue is raised by winner-takes-all markets?
Which duties are more stringent, according to the text?
Which duties are more stringent, according to the text?
What is the aim of the moral life according to Aristotle?
What is the aim of the moral life according to Aristotle?
What is the problem with winner-takes-all markets?
What is the problem with winner-takes-all markets?
What is Aristotle's view on slavery?
What is Aristotle's view on slavery?
What do libertarians believe about civil liberties and the state?
What do libertarians believe about civil liberties and the state?
What do libertarians stand for?
What do libertarians stand for?
What is ideal contractualism?
What is ideal contractualism?
What does the life boat case raise objections to?
What does the life boat case raise objections to?
What ethical objections are raised by the life boat case?
What ethical objections are raised by the life boat case?
What is ideal contractualism?
What is ideal contractualism?
What did Kant propose as the key to the relations between men?
What did Kant propose as the key to the relations between men?
Which type of duties are more stringent?
Which type of duties are more stringent?
Which philosophical views prioritize individual rights over the good life?
Which philosophical views prioritize individual rights over the good life?
What did Kant believe is the best organization for states?
What did Kant believe is the best organization for states?
What does public reason involve, according to the text?
What does public reason involve, according to the text?
What is the relationship between justice and social cooperation according to Hume?
What is the relationship between justice and social cooperation according to Hume?
What is indefensible according to the text?
What is indefensible according to the text?
What does public reason involve according to the text?
What does public reason involve according to the text?
What is the social contract according to Hobbes?
What is the social contract according to Hobbes?
What does the social contract theory show about human interests and fair principles?
What does the social contract theory show about human interests and fair principles?
What is the responsibility of citizens in regards to unjust policies?
What is the responsibility of citizens in regards to unjust policies?
What does the social contract theory show about human interests and fair principles?
What does the social contract theory show about human interests and fair principles?
What is the duty of present generations to future generations?
What is the duty of present generations to future generations?
What is the responsibility of citizens in opposing unjust policies?
What is the responsibility of citizens in opposing unjust policies?
What duty do present generations have to future generations, according to the text?
What duty do present generations have to future generations, according to the text?
What is indefensible according to the text?
What is indefensible according to the text?
What should society try to do in relation to the theoretical auction and hypothetical insurance markets, according to Dworkin?
What should society try to do in relation to the theoretical auction and hypothetical insurance markets, according to Dworkin?
What should society try to do in terms of its institutions according to Dworkin?
What should society try to do in terms of its institutions according to Dworkin?
How can radical inequality be addressed?
How can radical inequality be addressed?
What is the first principle of justice according to Rawls?
What is the first principle of justice according to Rawls?
What can be balanced with theoretical accounts of moral theories in reflective equilibrium?
What can be balanced with theoretical accounts of moral theories in reflective equilibrium?
What are the three views about markets mentioned in the text?
What are the three views about markets mentioned in the text?
What presupposes a bounded world within which distribution takes place?
What presupposes a bounded world within which distribution takes place?
What are the two principles that define the basis and condition of human dignity, according to Dworkin?
What are the two principles that define the basis and condition of human dignity, according to Dworkin?
What is the relationship between justice and a good life according to the text?
What is the relationship between justice and a good life according to the text?
What does the Capability approach value over subjective well-being or resource wealth?
What does the Capability approach value over subjective well-being or resource wealth?
What does the difference principle represent according to justice as fairness?
What does the difference principle represent according to justice as fairness?
What are the three conditions for a perpetual peace according to Kant?
What are the three conditions for a perpetual peace according to Kant?
What is defended by three different ethical philosophies?
What is defended by three different ethical philosophies?
Why is justice essential to a good life?
Why is justice essential to a good life?
What is the non-aggression axiom defended by?
What is the non-aggression axiom defended by?
What is self-transcendence?
What is self-transcendence?
What will climate change cause according to the text?
What will climate change cause according to the text?
How can justice be linked to a community's shared values or the moral importance of promoting certain ends?
How can justice be linked to a community's shared values or the moral importance of promoting certain ends?
When is majority rule not appropriate in a democracy?
When is majority rule not appropriate in a democracy?
What is Aristotle's view on slavery?
What is Aristotle's view on slavery?
What are the two principles that define the basis and condition of human dignity according to Dworkin?
What are the two principles that define the basis and condition of human dignity according to Dworkin?
What will climate change cause according to the text?
What will climate change cause according to the text?
What is the right to hospitality according to Kant?
What is the right to hospitality according to Kant?
What is important but not sufficient for substantive fairness?
What is important but not sufficient for substantive fairness?
What does self-transcendence involve?
What does self-transcendence involve?
What does the idea of distributive justice presuppose?
What does the idea of distributive justice presuppose?
What does the difference principle represent according to Justice as fairness?
What does the difference principle represent according to Justice as fairness?
What is the first principle of justice in contractualism?
What is the first principle of justice in contractualism?
What do modern theories of justice emphasize?
What do modern theories of justice emphasize?
What is the content of public reasons in the Society of Peoples, according to the text?
What is the content of public reasons in the Society of Peoples, according to the text?
What are the three views about markets discussed in the text?
What are the three views about markets discussed in the text?
What can be balanced with theoretical accounts of moral theories in reflective equilibrium?
What can be balanced with theoretical accounts of moral theories in reflective equilibrium?
What is the role of the individual in the social contract according to Locke?
What is the role of the individual in the social contract according to Locke?
What does the Ford Pinto case illustrate?
What does the Ford Pinto case illustrate?
How can radical inequality be addressed?
How can radical inequality be addressed?
What is the content of public reasons in the Society of Peoples according to the text?
What is the content of public reasons in the Society of Peoples according to the text?
Which philosopher believed that justice is beneficial for social cooperation?
Which philosopher believed that justice is beneficial for social cooperation?
What does the Ford Pinto case illustrate?
What does the Ford Pinto case illustrate?
According to Hobbes, what is injustice?
According to Hobbes, what is injustice?
How do global principles differ from domestic egalitarian principles according to Justice as fairness?
How do global principles differ from domestic egalitarian principles according to Justice as fairness?
What criteria do non-liberal societies need to meet to adopt Rawls' principles according to the text?
What criteria do non-liberal societies need to meet to adopt Rawls' principles according to the text?
What is the difficulty with applying Nozick's rights theories to intergenerational justice?
What is the difficulty with applying Nozick's rights theories to intergenerational justice?
What must individuals be to accomplish the common good?
What must individuals be to accomplish the common good?
What determines the total reduction commitment in emissions?
What determines the total reduction commitment in emissions?
How can responsibility for historic emissions be determined?
How can responsibility for historic emissions be determined?
When is aid helpful for development?
When is aid helpful for development?
How do global principles differ from domestic egalitarian principles according to justice as fairness?
How do global principles differ from domestic egalitarian principles according to justice as fairness?
What are the central features of political society according to the text?
What are the central features of political society according to the text?
What is required for political legitimacy?
What is required for political legitimacy?
What is discussed in terms of property rights?
What is discussed in terms of property rights?
What is necessary for promoting social justice and a more just and peaceful society, according to the text?
What is necessary for promoting social justice and a more just and peaceful society, according to the text?
What are some factors that affect one's sense of attachment and belonging?
What are some factors that affect one's sense of attachment and belonging?
What is seen as a social good that is already owned and given to strangers?
What is seen as a social good that is already owned and given to strangers?
What must a satisfactory life have according to Dworkin?
What must a satisfactory life have according to Dworkin?
What ethical dilemma is presented in the trade-offs between life and higher salary?
What ethical dilemma is presented in the trade-offs between life and higher salary?
What are some factors that affect one's sense of attachment and belonging?
What are some factors that affect one's sense of attachment and belonging?
What is seen as a social good that is already owned and given to strangers?
What is seen as a social good that is already owned and given to strangers?
What challenge do Nozick's rights theories face in the context of intergenerational justice?
What challenge do Nozick's rights theories face in the context of intergenerational justice?
When is aid helpful?
When is aid helpful?
What is Kant's view on republics and peace?
What is Kant's view on republics and peace?
What is discussed in terms of property rights?
What is discussed in terms of property rights?
What are the two conditions that social and economic inequalities must satisfy according to Rawls?
What are the two conditions that social and economic inequalities must satisfy according to Rawls?
What is required for a just society?
What is required for a just society?
What is required for political legitimacy?
What is required for political legitimacy?
According to Kant, where does the guarantee of perpetual peace come from?
According to Kant, where does the guarantee of perpetual peace come from?
What is necessary for promoting social justice and a more just and peaceful society?
What is necessary for promoting social justice and a more just and peaceful society?
What are some of the important functionings supported by the Capability approach?
What are some of the important functionings supported by the Capability approach?
What is the relationship between justice and artificial virtue according to Hobbes?
What is the relationship between justice and artificial virtue according to Hobbes?
What criteria do non-liberal societies need to meet to adopt Rawls' principles, according to the text?
What criteria do non-liberal societies need to meet to adopt Rawls' principles, according to the text?
What is the basis for determining our rights, according to the text?
What is the basis for determining our rights, according to the text?
What must a satisfactory life have, according to Dworkin?
What must a satisfactory life have, according to Dworkin?
What is the second principle of justice in contractualism?
What is the second principle of justice in contractualism?
What do modern theories of justice emphasize?
What do modern theories of justice emphasize?
What are the social and economic inequalities that benefit the least-advantaged members of society according to Justice as fairness?
What are the social and economic inequalities that benefit the least-advantaged members of society according to Justice as fairness?
What is the basis for defining our rights according to the text?
What is the basis for defining our rights according to the text?
What is the "aid illusion"?
What is the "aid illusion"?
What does libertarianism support in relation to private property?
What does libertarianism support in relation to private property?
What are the different definitions of nation?
What are the different definitions of nation?
What is Aristotle's view on justice in relation to the telos or purpose of social practices?
What is Aristotle's view on justice in relation to the telos or purpose of social practices?
What is the potential consequence of extreme nationalism, according to the text?
What is the potential consequence of extreme nationalism, according to the text?
What does libertarianism support?
What does libertarianism support?
What leads to contests for mutual aid?
What leads to contests for mutual aid?
What are the different definitions of nation?
What are the different definitions of nation?
What leads to contests for mutual aid?
What leads to contests for mutual aid?
How is a republic different from a democracy according to Kant?
How is a republic different from a democracy according to Kant?
What determines the total reduction commitment in emissions?
What determines the total reduction commitment in emissions?
What did Kant believe politicians must do to achieve perpetual peace?
What did Kant believe politicians must do to achieve perpetual peace?
What can provide the basis for better mutual respect?
What can provide the basis for better mutual respect?
What is the role of absolutism according to Hobbes?
What is the role of absolutism according to Hobbes?
What is the fundamental question of political legitimacy, according to Dworkin?
What is the fundamental question of political legitimacy, according to Dworkin?
According to Rawls, what is the objective of well-ordered societies?
According to Rawls, what is the objective of well-ordered societies?
Which principles comprise justice according to Hume?
Which principles comprise justice according to Hume?
What does Rawls believe should be the resolution for themes of distributive justice?
What does Rawls believe should be the resolution for themes of distributive justice?
What is the concept of welfare rights?
What is the concept of welfare rights?
What type of duties are enforceable according to the text?
What type of duties are enforceable according to the text?
Does ODA and aid solve poverty?
Does ODA and aid solve poverty?
What is the purpose of social and economic inequalities according to justice as fairness?
What is the purpose of social and economic inequalities according to justice as fairness?
What gives states entitlement to historic emissions?
What gives states entitlement to historic emissions?
How do Western democracies limit majority power?
How do Western democracies limit majority power?
What is the condition for social and economic inequalities to be acceptable in contractualism?
What is the condition for social and economic inequalities to be acceptable in contractualism?
Why is democracy legitimate?
Why is democracy legitimate?
What is the obligation of individuals towards future generations, according to the text?
What is the obligation of individuals towards future generations, according to the text?
What factors affect commodity requirements according to the text?
What factors affect commodity requirements according to the text?
What does the second principle assign personal responsibility for?
What does the second principle assign personal responsibility for?
What is the state of nature according to Locke?
What is the state of nature according to Locke?
What could provide relief from an equal per capita emissions reduction regime?
What could provide relief from an equal per capita emissions reduction regime?
What has been proposed as a solution to equal per capita emissions reduction regime?
What has been proposed as a solution to equal per capita emissions reduction regime?
What is the relationship between social convention and justice according to Hume?
What is the relationship between social convention and justice according to Hume?
What is a plausible theory of legitimacy, according to Dworkin?
What is a plausible theory of legitimacy, according to Dworkin?
What do communitarians propose to limit in certain social practices?
What do communitarians propose to limit in certain social practices?
What does libertarianism oppose in relation to the means of production?
What does libertarianism oppose in relation to the means of production?
What requires protecting individual rights from coercive authority of others?
What requires protecting individual rights from coercive authority of others?
What is the criticism of equality of opportunities in Western democracies?
What is the criticism of equality of opportunities in Western democracies?
According to Kant, what is peace?
According to Kant, what is peace?
What did Kant believe is the best organization for states?
What did Kant believe is the best organization for states?
What is the fundamental question of political legitimacy according to Dworkin?
What is the fundamental question of political legitimacy according to Dworkin?
What is the concept of welfare rights?
What is the concept of welfare rights?
What is the nature of debates about justice according to Aristotle?
What is the nature of debates about justice according to Aristotle?
What does Walzer analyze the relationships between?
What does Walzer analyze the relationships between?
What does libertarianism oppose?
What does libertarianism oppose?
What is the highest end of political association for Aristotle?
What is the highest end of political association for Aristotle?
How does aid weaken democracy?
How does aid weaken democracy?
What is the purpose of the primary goods according to justice as fairness?
What is the purpose of the primary goods according to justice as fairness?
What is the potential conflict between the concept of community and individualism and natural rights approaches?
What is the potential conflict between the concept of community and individualism and natural rights approaches?
What is the hydraulic theory?
What is the hydraulic theory?
What is required for basic rights such as security and subsistence to be enforced according to the text?
What is required for basic rights such as security and subsistence to be enforced according to the text?
What are the limits of Rawls' view according to the text?
What are the limits of Rawls' view according to the text?
What does Sen believe is important for enhancing well-being, particularly for women in developing countries?
What does Sen believe is important for enhancing well-being, particularly for women in developing countries?
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Study Notes
- Global justice is concerned with how individuals and states should conduct themselves towards others and how international institutions can be restructured for a more just world.
- It includes issues such as world poverty, immigration, and climate change.
- Acting morally involves free will, good intentions, and being free from fear or self-interest.
- Ethical egoism involves pursuing self-interest, but this can be self-defeating and not advantageous for everyone.
- The theory of moral sentiments suggests that humans desire mutual sympathy of sentiments with others to form moral sentiments.
- Justice involves negative duties to guard life, property, and promises, while beneficence involves positive duties to improve others' situations.
- Social justice includes some degree of duties of beneficence for a fair society.
- Negative duties are more stringent than positive duties.
- Common sense morality and moral intuition can be balanced with theoretical accounts of moral theories in reflective equilibrium.
- Identity, patriotism, citizenship, and cosmopolitanism are factors that affect one's sense of attachment and belonging.
- Different definitions of nation exist: ethnic/cultural/religious vs. manufactured language/history/culture.
- States create nations based on manufactured elements.
- Country is an administrative notion of a nation-state bound by ethnicity, language, and culture.
- Nationality is one's membership of the nation-state as a citizen.
- Moral commitment to a nation is a matter of pragmatic convenience and reciprocal justice.
- Obedience to laws, paying taxes, and political participation are requirements of good citizenship.
- Good citizenship does not require a deeper form of loyalty such as love of country.
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