Arduino Programming Commands and Syntax

Arduino Programming Commands and Syntax

• void setup(): This function runs once when the Arduino board starts up or is reset. It's used to initialize settings like pin modes and communication.

• void loop(): This function runs repeatedly after the setup() function. The code within loop() executes continuously until the power is turned off or the board is reset.

• // (Single-Line Comment): Used to add comments within the code that are ignored by the compiler.

• /* */ (Multi-Line Comment): Comments that span multiple lines and are ignored by the compiler.

• {} (Curly Braces): Used to define blocks of code within functions, loops, and conditional statements.

• ; (Semicolon): Terminates statements in Arduino code, similar to C/C++.

• int (Integer Data Type): Used to declare integer variables holding whole numbers (e.g., -32,768 to 32,767).

• long (Long Integer Data Type): Holds larger integer values (-2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647).

• boolean (Boolean Data Type): Stores true or false values.

• float (Floating-Point Data Type): Used for decimal values.

• char (Character Data Type): Stores a single character (e.g., 'A').

• = (Assignment Operator): Used to assign a value to a variable.

• % (Modulo Operator): Calculates the remainder of a division. For example, 10 % 3 = 1.

• + (Addition Operator): Adds two numbers or concatenates strings.

• - (Subtraction Operator): Subtracts one number from another.

• * (Multiplication Operator): Multiplies two numbers.

• / (Division Operator): Divides one number by another.

• == (Equality Comparison Operator): Checks if two values are equal.

• != (Not Equal Comparison Operator): Checks if two values are not equal.

• < (Less Than Comparison Operator): Checks if the left-hand operand is less than the right-hand operand.

• > (Greater Than Comparison Operator): Checks if the left-hand operand is greater than the right-hand operand.

• <= (Less Than or Equal To): Checks if the left-hand operand is less than or equal to the right-hand operand.

• >= (Greater Than or Equal To): Checks if the left-hand operand is greater than or equal to the right-hand operand.

• if: Executes a block of code if a condition is true.

• else: Executes a block of code if the preceding if condition was false.

• else if: Checks additional conditions in sequence, allowing for multiple possible outcomes.

• pinMode(pin, mode): Configures a digital pin as either input or output.

• digitalWrite(pin, value): Sets a digital pin's state to HIGH (on) or LOW (off).

• digitalRead(pin): Reads the current state (HIGH or LOW) of a digital pin.

• analogWrite(pin, value): Set the PWM (pulse-width modulation) value controlling the analog pin output.

• analogRead(pin): Reads the analog voltage (0 to 1023) from the specified analog pin.

Key Concepts

• LED (Light Emitting Diode): A semiconductor device that emits light when current flows through it.

• Diode: A device that allows current to flow in only one direction.

• Resistor: A component that limits current flow in a circuit.

• Transistor: A component used to amplify or switch electronic signals.

• Servo Motor: A motor used for precise rotational positioning controlled by a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal.

• DC Motor: An electric motor that runs on direct current.

• Piezo Buzzer: An audio device that produces sound when voltage is applied.

• IC (Integrated Circuit): A set of electronic circuits on a chip.

• Pushbutton: A mechanical switch that completes or breaks a circuit when pressed.

• Potentiometer: A variable resistor that allows control of voltage.

• Photoresistor (LDR): A resistor whose resistance changes based on the intensity of light.

Data Types and Variables

• int: Stores whole numbers.
• long: Stores larger whole numbers.
• float: Stores decimal numbers.
• char: Stores a single character.
• boolean: Stores true or false values.