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Questions and Answers
What are the two possible reasons for power supply issues in an Arduino circuit?
What are the two possible reasons for power supply issues in an Arduino circuit?
Insufficient supply and incorrect voltage.
How can faulty connections impact your Arduino circuit?
How can faulty connections impact your Arduino circuit?
Faulty connections can lead to loosened wires or incorrect wiring, causing the circuit to malfunction.
What happens when the pin configuration in Arduino code is incorrect?
What happens when the pin configuration in Arduino code is incorrect?
It can result in unexpected behavior, such as setting a pin meant for input as an output.
What might defective components cause in an Arduino circuit?
What might defective components cause in an Arduino circuit?
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What are two factors that could lead to software problems in the Arduino IDE?
What are two factors that could lead to software problems in the Arduino IDE?
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What is a common mistake in code that can result in errors during Arduino projects?
What is a common mistake in code that can result in errors during Arduino projects?
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What type of connection issue can be caused by jumper wires in Arduino circuits?
What type of connection issue can be caused by jumper wires in Arduino circuits?
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Why is it important to connect peripherals to the correct voltage when using Arduino?
Why is it important to connect peripherals to the correct voltage when using Arduino?
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What function is used to initialize the LCD in the setup phase?
What function is used to initialize the LCD in the setup phase?
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How do you create a custom character in the LCD library?
How do you create a custom character in the LCD library?
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In the loop function, which custom character is displayed at the cursor position (1, 1)?
In the loop function, which custom character is displayed at the cursor position (1, 1)?
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What is the purpose of the potentiometer in the LCD circuit?
What is the purpose of the potentiometer in the LCD circuit?
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What must be done before uploading the code to the Arduino?
What must be done before uploading the code to the Arduino?
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How can you display scrolling text on the LCD?
How can you display scrolling text on the LCD?
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What will be displayed on the LCD in the first row after completing the specified tasks?
What will be displayed on the LCD in the first row after completing the specified tasks?
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Which type of data is mentioned to be displayed from the sonar sensor?
Which type of data is mentioned to be displayed from the sonar sensor?
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What is the purpose of wearing proper safety attire in a laboratory setting?
What is the purpose of wearing proper safety attire in a laboratory setting?
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Why is it essential to double-check circuit connections before powering on electrical machines?
Why is it essential to double-check circuit connections before powering on electrical machines?
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What should be the first action taken when disconnecting a circuit?
What should be the first action taken when disconnecting a circuit?
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What are students prohibited from doing with laboratory equipment without permission?
What are students prohibited from doing with laboratory equipment without permission?
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Why is familiarity with the Arduino IDE important for students working with Arduino?
Why is familiarity with the Arduino IDE important for students working with Arduino?
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What is the ATmega328P in relation to the Arduino Uno?
What is the ATmega328P in relation to the Arduino Uno?
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What is one key operation students learn related to LED interfaces in this experiment?
What is one key operation students learn related to LED interfaces in this experiment?
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What is the significance of proper laboratory housekeeping?
What is the significance of proper laboratory housekeeping?
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What is the primary function of the sonar sensor in the context of the garage entrance?
What is the primary function of the sonar sensor in the context of the garage entrance?
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Explain how the code modification for counting vehicles at the garage entrance would function.
Explain how the code modification for counting vehicles at the garage entrance would function.
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What conditions must be met for the Arduino to control the LED lights based on distance?
What conditions must be met for the Arduino to control the LED lights based on distance?
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How does averaging multiple distance readings improve the performance of a sonar sensor system?
How does averaging multiple distance readings improve the performance of a sonar sensor system?
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What is the range of values that the analogRead
function can return on an Arduino, and what does this indicate?
What is the range of values that the analogRead
function can return on an Arduino, and what does this indicate?
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Discuss a scenario where using pulseIn
would be preferable to digitalRead
for measuring signal timing.
Discuss a scenario where using pulseIn
would be preferable to digitalRead
for measuring signal timing.
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What are some techniques to enhance the accuracy of readings obtained from analogRead
?
What are some techniques to enhance the accuracy of readings obtained from analogRead
?
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How can you measure a sensor voltage that exceeds the Arduino's reference voltage using analogRead
?
How can you measure a sensor voltage that exceeds the Arduino's reference voltage using analogRead
?
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What is the primary function of the sonar sensors in the smart parking system?
What is the primary function of the sonar sensors in the smart parking system?
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Describe how a 16x2 LCD is configured to receive data from an Arduino Uno.
Describe how a 16x2 LCD is configured to receive data from an Arduino Uno.
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In the context of controlling lights using PIR and sonar sensors, what is a possible assumption for the perimeter value?
In the context of controlling lights using PIR and sonar sensors, what is a possible assumption for the perimeter value?
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What are the dimensions of the character matrix in a 16x2 LCD?
What are the dimensions of the character matrix in a 16x2 LCD?
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Explain the significance of using custom characters in a 16x2 LCD display.
Explain the significance of using custom characters in a 16x2 LCD display.
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What role does the Arduino IDE's serial monitor play in the experimentation process?
What role does the Arduino IDE's serial monitor play in the experimentation process?
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How does the configuration of different modes affect the operation of a 16x2 LCD?
How does the configuration of different modes affect the operation of a 16x2 LCD?
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What problem does the system using sonar sensors aim to solve in the Green University of Bangladesh?
What problem does the system using sonar sensors aim to solve in the Green University of Bangladesh?
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What are the advantages of using I2C or SPI communication protocols for connecting an LCD to an Arduino?
What are the advantages of using I2C or SPI communication protocols for connecting an LCD to an Arduino?
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What is the purpose of a potentiometer in an LCD setup with Arduino?
What is the purpose of a potentiometer in an LCD setup with Arduino?
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What is the difference between a 16x2 and a 20x4 LCD?
What is the difference between a 16x2 and a 20x4 LCD?
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Discuss the usage of I2C to reduce the number of I/O pins for connecting an LCD.
Discuss the usage of I2C to reduce the number of I/O pins for connecting an LCD.
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How can numbers be displayed on a seven-segment display using Arduino?
How can numbers be displayed on a seven-segment display using Arduino?
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What is the main difference between common cathode and common anode seven-segment displays?
What is the main difference between common cathode and common anode seven-segment displays?
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Why might you choose to connect a seven-segment display directly to an Arduino without a driver circuit?
Why might you choose to connect a seven-segment display directly to an Arduino without a driver circuit?
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What are the key components needed to interface a common anode seven-segment display with an Arduino?
What are the key components needed to interface a common anode seven-segment display with an Arduino?
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Study Notes
Lab Manual
- This document is a lab manual for Integrated Design Project II (EEE 444) at Green University of Bangladesh, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering.
- It covers various experiments using Arduino Uno, including LED blinking/fading, ultrasonic distance measurement, real-time motion detection, data visualization, and more.
- The manual provides instructions, circuit diagrams, and Arduino code examples for each experiment.
- Topics include laboratory regulations, safety rules, general instructions, and common causes of errors.
- The manual covers the Arduino Uno microcontroller board, its key features, and how to use it for various tasks.
- Several experiments use components like LEDs, resistors, potentiometers, LCDs, DC motors, L298 motor drivers, servo motors, and proximity door access control systems.
Table of Contents
- Includes a listing of every experiment in the manual, along with the page numbers where each experiment begins.
- These experiments include Arduino-controlled LED blinking & fading, ultrasonic distance measurement, real-time motion detection using a PIR sensor, data visualization using a 16x2 LCD, digital counter implementation, motor speed/rotation control, input-based servo position control, data entry system, proximity door access control systems, and implementation of an Arduino-based calculator.
Experiment 1: Arduino-controlled LED Blinking and Fading Operations
- Objectives: Students will familiarize themselves with the Arduino IDE and Arduino input/output interfacing using Arduino coding (through LED blinking and fading).
- Outcomes: Students will learn the setup procedure of Arduino Uno with the IDE, understand the structure of Arduino code for interfacing with LEDs , and control the blinking and brightness of LEDs using resistors and potentiometers.
- Theory: LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) emit light when sufficient forward voltage is applied; PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) is a technique to control the brightness of an LED.
Experiment 2: Ultrasonic Distance Measurement using Arduino
- Objectives: Understand ultrasonic sonar sensor working principle; interaction with sensor modules using Arduino interfacing pins.
- Outcomes: Explain ultrasonic distance measurement, measure distance between sensor and object, and use "Serial Monitor" for data visualization.
- Theory: Sonar systems use transmitted ultrasonic waves and measure the time taken for the reflected waves to return.
Experiment 3: Real-time Motion Detection using PIR Sensor
- Objectives: Understand PIR motion sensor construction and working principle; interface the PIR sensor with Arduino Uno for real-time motion sensing.
- Learning Outcomes: Explain IR-based motion sensing principle, set up a PIR sensor with Arduino to control a circuit, differentiate between single and repeating trigger modes. Note the usage of pyroelectric materials to sense objects.
- Theory: A passive infrared (PIR) sensor detects changes in infrared radiation emitted by objects in its range.
Experiment 4: Data Visualization using 16x2 LCD with Arduino
- Objectives: To configure the 16x2 LCD to receive data from Arduino, display custom characters, and perform various display operations.
- Theory: The LCD uses liquid crystals; 16x2 means 2 lines of 16 characters. The LCD has control and data pins enabling different display modes. It's important to understand the character matrix to display custom characters.
Experiment 5: Digital Counter Implementation using Seven Segment Display
- Objectives: Integrate a seven-segment display with Arduino Uno, create a digital counter that displays numbers, control the LED.
- Theory: Seven-segment displays use LEDs (light-emitting diodes) arranged around a common cathode/anode to form digits; controlling these LEDs allows the display of numerals and other symbols.
Experiment 6: Speed and Rotation Control of DC Motors using L298 Motor Driver
- Objectives: Control the direction and speed of rotation of DC motors using an L298 Dual H-bridge motor driver.
- Theory: The L298 motor driver allows for the control of the direction of the rotation and speed of multiple motors simultaneously through PWM and external controls.
Experiment 7: Input-based Servo Position Control using Arduino
- Objectives: Control the position of a servo motor using an Arduino and an external control input (e.g., potentiometer).
- Theory: Servo motors have a limited rotation range (typically 0-180 degrees) controlled by a feedback loop. PWM signals are used to adjust the position.
- Outcomes: Understand the servo motor construction, interface a servo with Arduino, and control servo rotation angles.
Experiment 8: Data Entry System using 4x4 Membrane Keypad
- Objectives: Design and create a data entry system using a 4x4 membrane keypad, interfacing it with an Arduino.
- Theory: A membrane keypad uses a matrix arrangement of buttons, minimizing the number of inputs needed. The keypad's operational principle is explained and how to interface it with Arduino.
- Learning Outcome: Interface a 4x4 membrane keypad with Arduino, read inputted values, and control outputs.
Experiment 9: Proximity Door Access Control System
- Objectives: Create a proximity sensor-based door control system combining various components (servo motors, LCD, sonar sensor).
- Theory: Ultrasonic sensors detect the presence of objects. This system will use an Arduino to open/close a door upon detecting a person.
- Outcomes: Design a proximity door access control system using a combo of different components (e.g. servo motors, Arduino and ultrasonic distance sensors allowing for optimized door behavior in response to proximity.)
Experiment 10: Implementation of an Arduino-based Calculator
- Objectives: Design a single-digit calculator using an Arduino based system.
- Theory: Develop a basic calculator using Arduino to perform mathematical operations, and display results on an LCD using input from a keypad.
- Outcomes: Generate a system performing single-digit mathematical computations using Arduino Uno as the core microcontroller.
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Test your knowledge on troubleshooting common issues in Arduino circuits. This quiz covers power supply problems, faulty connections, software issues in the Arduino IDE, and common coding mistakes. Perfect for those looking to solidify their understanding of Arduino operations.