Arduino and Binary Systems in Robotics

Arduino

• An Arduino is a microcontroller, a simplified central processing unit (CPU).
• It controls electronic components like lights, motors, and sensors.
• To make a light illuminate, you need a power source, a cable, an Arduino board, and a resistor.
• Connecting the light to the Arduino entails programming the microcontroller to send power to the light, causing it to illuminate.

Binary System

• The binary system uses only the digits 0 and 1.
• With one bit, you can represent values from 0 to 1.
• Two bits allow representation of values from 0 to 3.
• A bit is the smallest unit in the binary system, which can be either 0 or 1.
• A byte comprises 8 bits, enabling the representation of 256 different values (0 to 255).

Robotics

• Robotics is used in various industries, medicine, and surgeries.
• It aids in tasks such as surgeries, patient rehabilitation, plant care, and even space exploration.
• Benefits include rapid task completion, task safety, and constant operation without breaks.
• Industrial robotics advantages include improved efficiency, enhanced quality control, and increased worker safety.

GPU

• GPUs are specialized processors designed for parallel tasks, like graphic rendering and AI computations.
• CPUs are better suited for sequential tasks.
• GPUs are commonly used in gaming and graphics, artificial intelligence, video and image processing, and cryptocurrency mining.
• GPUs also assist in developing and utilizing autonomous systems.

Motherboard

• A motherboard connects all essential computer components, enabling communication and power supply.
• Crucial components include the CPU (central processing unit), RAM (random access memory), chipset, expansion slots, and storage interfaces such as SATA, M.2, or hard drives.
• It also includes input/output ports, such as USB and HDMI, to link peripherals.

Cloud Services

• Cloud services encompass various models like Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS).
• IaaS provides virtual machines and storage.
• PaaS offers development platforms.
• SaaS delivers applications like Google Docs and Microsoft 365.

RAM

• RAM (Random Access Memory) is volatile memory, meaning data is lost when the computer is turned off.
• RAM is used for temporary data required by running programs and processes.
• When RAM is full, the computer relies on slower storage like hard drives, impacting performance.

Cryptocurrency

• Cryptocurrency employs cryptography to regulate transactions.
• Transactions involve transferring digital currency between wallets.
• Verification, achieved via mining consensus, validates transactions.
• Transactions are recorded on a digital ledger called a blockchain.

Monitor, Speakers, Projector, Camera, Microphone

• Projectors use technologies like LCP (Liquid Crystal Panel) or DLP (Digital Light Processing) to display images.
• Bright projectors are better for clear images in brighter environments.
• Projector resolution is affected by factors like light intensity, with higher resolutions providing sharper images.

Cybersecurity

• Firewalls monitor and control data traffic between computers and the internet, blocking unwanted connections.
• Packet filtering examines data packets, allowing or blocking them based on rules.
• Stateful inspection assesses the entire connection context, ensuring secure communication.
• Proxies facilitate and secure access to networks.