Arctic Ecosystems: Impact of Voles and Lemmings on Shrubs

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What is the effect of evergreen shrubs on warming and carbon release?

They only reduce warming but not carbon release

They increase warming and carbon release

They reduce warming and carbon release (correct)

They have no impact on warming and carbon release

What happens to rare plant species in the arctic due to climate change?

They remain unaffected

They migrate to other regions

They become more rare (correct)

They become more common

What is the effect of caribou on permafrost?

They always decrease permafrost formation

They always increase permafrost formation

They have no impact on permafrost

They can increase permafrost thaw at high densities (correct)

What is the impact of lemming population fluctuations on the ecosystem?

It increases grazing pressure on shrubs Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of herbivore exclusion on rare plant species?

It increases the population of rare species Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of caribou migration on the ecosystem?

It increases permafrost formation Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of snow geese overgrazing vegetation?

Reduction in arthropod communities Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of grizzly bears digging on the ecosystem?

Increase in ecosystem heterogeneity Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between flower colour and pollinators in glaciated regions?

High abundance of white and yellow flowers are pollinated by flies Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of arctic foxes on vegetation?

Increase in soil nutrients Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of carnivores and arctic plants interacting through biopedturbation?

Increase in ecosystem heterogeneity Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of higher snow on den sites of arctic foxes?

Higher insulation Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the consequences of shrub encroachment onto tundra?

Reduced biodiversity Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of plant-animal interactions in the Arctic?

Low diversity of species Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of caribou on deciduous shrubs in the Arctic?

Reduction in shrub density Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of grazing pressure on rare species?

Extinction Signup and view all the answers

What is a factor influencing permafrost formation and caribou migration?

Soil temperature Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of herbivory in the Arctic?

Low plant defense Signup and view all the answers