Architectural Design Principles

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of software architecture?

To eliminate all potential construction risks.

To provide operational software for the system.

To serve as a detailed project plan for development.

To enable analysis of design effectiveness against requirements. (correct)

Which stage of design do instance form deployment diagrams typically occur?

During the initial concept phase.

During software testing.

After software deployment.

In the latter stages of design. (correct)

What does an architectural description (AD) include according to IEEE-Std-42010-2011?

A collection of products to document an architecture. (correct)

The financial budget for software construction.

Only the technical specifications of the software.

A detailed testing strategy for the system.

What is a key concern that should be identified in an architecture description?

The maintainability and evolvability of the system. Signup and view all the answers

Why is communication among stakeholders facilitated by software architecture?

It highlights early design decisions impacting further software engineering work. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism for managing architecture decision documentation?

Identifying stakeholders' personal opinions. Signup and view all the answers

What role does software architecture play in the construction of the software?

It allows for consideration of architectural alternatives when design changes are easy. Signup and view all the answers

What does the architecture definition emphasize according to Stakeholders?

The system's purpose and feasibility of deployment. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Common Closure Principle (CCP) state regarding classes?

Classes that change together belong together. Signup and view all the answers

How should dependencies be modeled for better readability according to component-level design guidelines?

From left to right. Signup and view all the answers

What is the traditional view of coupling in terms of component design?

The degree to which a component is connected to other components. Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of control coupling?

Passing flags to components to alter their behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of functional cohesion?

Modules that perform only one computation. Signup and view all the answers

According to the Object-Oriented view, what does cohesion imply?

A component should encapsulate closely related attributes and operations. Signup and view all the answers

What principle states that classes that are not reused together should not be grouped together?

Common Reuse Principle. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes external coupling?

A component collaborates with infrastructure components. Signup and view all the answers

Which principle emphasizes the importance of designing interfaces carefully?

Interfaces must be designed with care. Signup and view all the answers

What is emphasized by the design modeling principle regarding user interfaces?

User interface design should stress ease of use. Signup and view all the answers

Which component is critical to the architectural design as defined in the content?

Modules, objects, and their interactions. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of architectural design, what do extra-functional properties address?

Performance, reliability, and security requirements. Signup and view all the answers

Which section in the design pattern template helps identify potential trade-offs?

Consequences. Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'Structure' section in a design pattern template refer to?

The classes required to implement the pattern. Signup and view all the answers

Which principle asserts that components should function independently?

Component-level design should be functionally independent. Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by the principle that design representations should be easily understandable?

They should be simple and accessible to stakeholders. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of interface validation?

User acceptance of the interface as a tool Signup and view all the answers

Which element is NOT considered important in understanding user experience design?

The technical specifications of the software Signup and view all the answers

Which step comes first in creating a customer journey map?

Conducting research Signup and view all the answers

What should be done after creating a visualization of customer touchpoints?

Refine the design Signup and view all the answers

What is a cognitive walkthrough used for in user experience design?

To gather stakeholder feedback on scenarios Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following steps is crucial for identifying gaps in the customer experience?

Assessing user feedback on touchpoints Signup and view all the answers

In the process of creating personas, what is the first action to undertake?

Collecting information about the user group needs Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of user tasks in interface design?

To ensure users can perform them with minimal effort Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of content architecture in the design of WebApps?

Structuring content objects for better presentation and navigation Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the MVC architecture is responsible for managing access between the model and view?

Controller Signup and view all the answers

In navigation design for WebApps, what does NSU stand for?

Navigation Semantic Unit Signup and view all the answers

What should be considered when designing layout for a WebApp?

Browser window size and content resolution Signup and view all the answers

What is a content object in the context of WebApp design?

An object with attributes specific to content and implementation Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant aspect of architecture design conducted alongside interface and aesthetic design?

Establishing the structure for user interaction and navigation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of the model in the MVC architecture?

It stores application-specific content and processing logic Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to consider user hierarchy in navigation design?

Different users have varying navigation requirements Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Architectural Design Representation

Defines system components (modules, objects, filters) and their interaction.
Addresses extra-functional properties like performance, reliability, and security in architecture.
Incorporates repeatable design patterns for related systems, promoting consistency in design.

Design Pattern Template

Pattern name: A concise title representing the essence of the design pattern.
Intent: Explanation of the pattern’s purpose and functionality.
Also-known-as: Synonyms or alternative names for the pattern.
Motivation: An example illustrating a common problem addressed by the pattern.
Applicability: Specific design situations where the pattern can be effectively applied.
Structure: Class requirements for implementing the pattern.
Participants: Responsibilities of each class involved in the pattern.
Collaborations: Interaction dynamics between participants to fulfill responsibilities.
Consequences: Design trade-offs and forces impacting the effective use of the pattern.
Related patterns: Cross-references to similar or complementary design patterns.

Design Modeling Principles

Traceability: Design should align with the requirements model.
Architectural Consideration: Always consider the system architecture in the design process.
Data Importance: Treat data design with equal importance as process design.
Interface Design: Careful design of internal and external interfaces is crucial.
User Interface: Should focus on ease of use tailored to end-user needs.
Independence: Component-level design must ensure functional independence.
Loose Coupling: Components should be loosely coupled with each other and their environment.
Understandability: Design representations should be straightforward and clear.
Deployment Diagrams: Specific hardware configurations should be identified in later design stages.

Software Architecture

Architecture is a representation aiding in design analysis, exploring alternatives, and risk reduction.
Facilitates stakeholder communication and highlights pivotal early design decisions.

Architectural Descriptions

The IEEE standard outlines architecture descriptions using defined viewpoints and framework languages.
Identifies key stakeholders and their concerns, ensuring thorough consideration of system purpose, feasibility, and maintainability.

Architecture Decision Documentation

Requires determination of necessary information and links to requirements for each decision.
Allows for changes in decision status and establishes prerequisite relationships for traceability.

Component-Level Design Guidelines

Naming conventions: Should be established for components for consistency.
Interfaces: Critical for communication and collaboration in the design.
Dependency Modeling: Model dependencies from left to right and inheritance from bottom to top for clarity.

Cohesion and Coupling

Cohesion: Refers to a module's focus on a singular task and strong relationships among its internal operations.
Coupling: Measure of a component’s interconnectedness with other components, emphasizing low coupling for better design.

Component-Level Design Steps

Identify design classes corresponding to the problem domain and infrastructure domain.
Define interface actions to enable user task performance efficiently.

User Experience Analysis

Focus on understanding the end users, their tasks, interface content, and usage environment.

Customer Journey Map Process

Involves gathering stakeholders, conducting user research, creating visualizations, refining designs, identifying gaps, and implementing findings.

Personas in UX Design

Collect data about users, define personas, develop usage scenarios, and validate through cognitive walkthroughs.

Content Design

Develops representations for content objects with specific attributes relevant to implementation.

Architecture Design Focus

Conducts architectural design alongside interface and content design, with an emphasis on user interaction and content management in WebApps.

Model View Controller (MVC) Architecture

Separates the model (business logic), view (presentation layer), and controller (manages interactions), streamlining application structure.

Tailors navigation based on user hierarchy and use-case requirements, using Navigation Semantic Units (NSUs) to fulfill user requirements efficiently.

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Description

Explore the fundamentals of architectural design representation, focusing on system components, their interactions, and extra-functional properties. This quiz delves into performance, reliability, and adaptability within design architectures, along with related system families.