Archduke Franz Ferdinand: Assassination & Context
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Questions and Answers

What was the primary reason for Emperor Franz Joseph's disapproval of Archduke Franz Ferdinand's marriage to Sophie Chotek?

  • Sophie was considered a political rival to the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
  • Sophie was rumored to have connections to enemy states.
  • Sophie was not of royal blood and was considered of lower rank. (correct)
  • Sophie had previously been engaged to a member of another royal family.

How did Emperor Franz Joseph demonstrate his disapproval of Franz Ferdinand's marriage?

  • By excluding their offspring from the line of succession and not attending the wedding. (correct)
  • By stripping Franz Ferdinand of his title and inheritance.
  • By exiling Franz Ferdinand and Sophie from the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
  • By publicly denouncing Franz Ferdinand and Sophie in official state documents.

What was the significance of Austria-Hungary's annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina in 1908?

  • It led to increased stability and economic prosperity in the Balkan region.
  • It established a peaceful alliance between Austria-Hungary and Serbia, resolving long-standing disputes.
  • It created tension between Serbs and the Austro-Hungarian Empire, contributing to the environment leading to the assassination. (correct)
  • It resulted in the immediate formation of the Black Hand, dedicated to the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

What motivated Gavrilo Princip to assassinate Archduke Franz Ferdinand?

<p>Princip aimed to make a political statement in defense of Serbia and liberate Serbs outside of Serbia. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organization assisted Gavrilo Princip in acquiring weapons and supplies for the assassination?

<p>The Black Hand, a secret Serbian society. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Archduke Franz Ferdinand doing in Sarajevo on the day of his assassination?

<p>Overseeing military maneuvers and inspecting troops. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the direct consequence of Rudolf's (Emperor Franz Joseph's only son) death?

<p>It made Archduke Franz Ferdinand the heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the political landscape of central Europe leading up to World War I?

<p>A region marked by centuries of conflict and competition for power. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason Austria-Hungary waited a month after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand to declare war on Serbia?

<p>To ensure they had the full support of Germany before taking action. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why was Gavrilo Princip not sentenced to death for the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand?

<p>He was too young to receive the death penalty under Austro-Hungarian law. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the author's assessment of the long-term impact of Archduke Franz Ferdinand's assassination?

<p>It served as a catalyst for a series of events that continue to resonate more than a century later. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the passage suggest about the Austro-Hungarian Empire's intentions towards Serbia prior to the assassination?

<p>Austria-Hungary was looking for a pretext to initiate a conflict with Serbia. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did the poison provided to Gavrilo Princip by the Black Hand fail to kill him?

<p>The poison was ineffective. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following countries was NOT one of those whose armies mobilized following the assassination?

<p>Italy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What led to Gavrilo Princip's death in prison?

<p>Illness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, how did Princip's action align with the goals of the Austro-Hungarian Empire?

<p>It allowed the Austro-Hungarian Empire to justify a war against Serbia. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why was Sophie, who was normally sidelined, traveling with the Archduke in an official capacity?

<p>It was their wedding anniversary, making it an official trip for both of them. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The anniversary of the First Battle of Kosovo coincided with the Archduke's visit. What was the significance of this date?

<p>It commemorated the day Serbian independence was crushed by The Ottoman Empire. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did chance or destiny play a crucial role in Princip's ability to assassinate Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife, Sophie?

<p>The Archduke made an unplanned detour to visit injured men, which placed Princip in the right location. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How could the initial attempts by Princip's group to assassinate the Archduke be described?

<p>Marked by a series of errors and mishaps, resembling a comedy of errors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What series of events led to Princip being in the right position to assassinate Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife, Sophie?

<p>The Archduke and his driver made a wrong turn, coincidentally stopping near where Princip was. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What detail suggests that the assassins were ill-prepared for their mission?

<p>Some of the assassins were unable to act decisively when the opportunity presented itself. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specific action did Princip take once he found himself in close proximity to the stopped vehicle carrying Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife, Sophie?

<p>Princip drew his pistol and fired shots, directly targeting the Archduke and his wife. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the ultimate outcome of Princip's actions on Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife, Sophie?

<p>Shot at point-blank range, the Archduke and his wife succumbed to their wounds shortly after the attack. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did the Schlieffen Plan prioritize an attack on France first?

<p>France was identified as the greater threat to Germany. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What critical miscalculation or unintended consequence resulted from the implementation of the Schlieffen Plan?

<p>The invasion of Belgium, which led to England joining the war. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the strategic significance of the Battle of the Frontiers?

<p>It slowed down the German advance, but ultimately, the French forces were defeated. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors contributed to the collapse of the French Army along the line from Lorraine to the Meuse?

<p>The overwhelming German advance, heavy casualties, and the influx of Belgian refugees. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main reason for General Lanrezac's decision to order a general retreat of the French 5th Army?

<p>To avoid the total annihilation of the 5th Army, which he believed would be a catastrophe for France. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering Germany's geographical position at the start of the war, what strategic challenge did they face, and how did the Schlieffen Plan attempt to address it?

<p>Germany had to fight a war on two fronts against Russia and France; the Schlieffen Plan aimed to quickly defeat France before turning to Russia. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the Battle of Frontiers, how did the involvement of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) impact the overall strategic situation for the Allied forces?

<p>The BEF, while intended to support the French, became embroiled in their own battle at Mons and were unable to prevent the French collapse. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the Schlieffen Plan had succeeded in its initial objective of quickly defeating France, what would have likely been the most significant consequence for the remainder of the war?

<p>Russia would have been forced to negotiate a separate peace treaty with Germany due to lack of support. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What strategic error did General von Kluck commit that ultimately benefited the French?

<p>He chose to pursue the retreating French 5th Army, creating a gap in the German lines. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why was the French government's evacuation to Bordeaux a significant event?

<p>It indicated the severity of the German advance and the threat to Paris. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason General Gallieni advocated for a surprise attack against the German army?

<p>To exploit the gap between the German 1st and 2nd Armies before they reached Paris. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What critical advantage did the French have over the Germans leading up to the First Battle of the Marne?

<p>Shorter supply lines and proximity to fresh supplies. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did reinforcements from Paris impact the initial stages of the First Battle of the Marne?

<p>They were critical in stopping a German advance, preventing a potential French defeat. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the relationship between Generals Gallieni and Joffre regarding the counterattack plan?

<p>Gallieni and Joffre were in agreement about the opportunity and need for a counterattack. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the French 5th Army's survival after the Battle of the Frontiers?

<p>It demonstrated the resilience of the French military despite heavy losses. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the initial outcome of the French 6th Army's attack on the German 1st Army at the Marne?

<p>It appeared the plan had failed, with the French army on the verge of defeat. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary strategic significance of the Battle of the Marne?

<p>It prevented the fall of Paris and thwarted the Schlieffen Plan. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the use of Parisian taxis impact the Battle of the Marne?

<p>They enabled the rapid deployment of reinforcements to the front lines. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the intended purpose of the Schlieffen Plan?

<p>To quickly defeat France, then focus on Russia before they fully mobilized. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key consequence of the Allied victory at the Battle of the Marne?

<p>The failure of the Schlieffen Plan and a prolonged war. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor significantly contributed to the Allied success at the Battle of the Marne?

<p>The element of surprise resulting from a proactive attack into the gap between German armies. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did General Gallieni play in the Battle of the Marne?

<p>He initiated the use of Parisian taxis to transport troops. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Battle of the Marne influence the overall course of World War I?

<p>It set the stage for trench warfare and a prolonged stalemate. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What long-term consequence is attributed to the outcome of the Battle of the Marne?

<p>The rise of the Third Reich and the outbreak of the Second World War. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

June 28, 1914

June 28, 1914, the day Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife were assassinated, triggering World War I.

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire and assassinated in Sarajevo with his wife.

Austro-Hungarian Empire

The empire to which Franz Ferdinand was the heir.

Emperor Franz Joseph

Emperor who disapproved of Franz Ferdinand's marriage and excluded their children from succession.

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Annexation

The act of one state forcefully taking control of another territory.

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1908

The year Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia-Herzegovina, increasing tensions in the region.

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Gavrilo Princip

Bosnian Serb student who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

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The Black Hand

A secret Serbian society that aimed to unite all Serbs and assisted in the assassination.

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June 28, 1914 Significance

The anniversary of Franz Ferdinand's wedding.

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First Battle of Kosovo Anniversary

The date when Serbian independence was crushed by the Ottoman Empire in 1389.

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Sarajevo

The city in which Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife were assassinated.

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Black Hand

The group to which Gavrilo Princip belonged, seeking to assassinate Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

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Failed Bombing Attempt

The initial method used by one of the assassins, which failed when the bomb bounced off the Archduke's car.

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Hospital Visit

Franz Ferdinand's decision to visit injured men which put him in Princip's path.

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Assassination Method

Archduke Franz Ferdinand was shot at point-blank range.

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Princip's Suicide Attempt

Princip's plan to kill himself after the assassination failed.

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Princip's Sentence & Death

Princip was sentenced to twenty years in prison, where he died due to tuberculosis.

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Unintended Consequences

The assassination kicked off a conflict no one foresaw escalating into a world war.

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Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Event that triggered a chain of events leading to World War I.

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German Support

Austria-Hungary sought Germany's backing before declaring war on Serbia.

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Austria-Hungary's Motive

Austria-Hungary used the assassination as a pretext to attack Serbia.

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Two-Front War

Germany faced a war against both Russia to the east and France to the west.

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The Schlieffen Plan

Germany's strategy to quickly defeat France, then focus on Russia.

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Invasion of Belgium

The Schlieffen plan involved attacking France through neutral Belgium.

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Entangling Alliance

The attack through Belgium to bring England into the war.

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Battle of the Frontiers

Series of battles at the Belgium border between the Allied and German forces.

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British Expeditionary Force (BEF)

The BEF was the British force sent to assist the French but were soon overwhelmed.

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General Lanrezac's Retreat

French army ordered to retreat to avoid being completely destroyed.

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Heavy Losses

The French were unable to challenge the Germans and were experiencing heavy losses.

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Taxis of the Marne

Automotive transport of troops using Parisian taxis.

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French 5th Army

Saved by its retreat, this division's survival symbolized France's continued resistance.

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General Gallieni

French general who used taxis to transport troops during the Battle of Marne.

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Battle of Marne

River where Parisian taxis delivered troops in a pivotal WWI battle.

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Bordeaux

The city to which the French government evacuated as Germans approached Paris.

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Vital Role of Taxis

Protected Paris from falling to the Central Powers.

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General von Kluck

German general who pursued the French 5th Army, creating a gap in German lines.

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Schlieffen Plan

German plan for a swift victory by quickly defeating France.

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Exposed German Flank

The gap created by von Kluck's army exposed the German First Army, making it vulnerable..

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General Gallieni

French general who urged a surprise attack on the exposed German flank.

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Alfred Graf von Schlieffen

Chief of the German General Staff who created the Schlieffen Plan.

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French Victory at Marne

Halting the German advance on Paris.

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General Joseph Joffre

French general who supported Gallieni's plan for a counterattack.

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First Battle of the Marne

A major WWI battle where the French counterattacked the exposed German 1st Army.

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Result of Marne Battle

Ensured a long war.

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Study Notes

  • June 28, 1914, the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie triggered the start of World War I.

Complicated Succession

  • Emperor Franz Joseph's son Rudolf committed suicide, making Franz Ferdinand the heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire and Habsburg throne.
  • Emperor Franz Joseph disapproved of Franz Ferdinand and Sophie's marriage due to Sophie's lower social rank.
  • Franz Joseph excluded Franz Ferdinand and Sophie's children from the line of succession.

Political Tension

  • Conflict in central Europe led Austria to annex Bosnia-Herzegovina in 1908, causing tension with Serbs.
  • Gavrilo Princip, a Bosnian Serb student, assassinated Franz Ferdinand and Sophie to protect Serbia.
  • Princip acquired weapons and poison from the Black Hand, a Serbian society aiming to liberate Serbs outside Serbia.
  • Franz Ferdinand was in Sarajevo to oversee military maneuvers, and Sophie accompanied him due to their wedding anniversary.
  • Their visit coincided with the anniversary of the First Battle of Kosovo in 1389, when Serbian independence was crushed by the Ottoman Empire.

Assassination Details

  • The royal couple traveled in an open-topped car with minimal security.
  • Princip and his group positioned themselves along the route.
  • Assassination attempt was initially unsuccessful due to errors by the assassins.
  • Franz Ferdinand decided to visit the injured in the hospital, leading to a chance encounter with Princip.
  • Princip shot and killed both Franz Ferdinand and Sophie.
  • Princip was arrested and sentenced to 20 years in prison, where he died of tuberculosis.

Aftermath

  • The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand led to the mobilization of armies across Europe.
  • The Austro-Hungarian Empire was seeking an excuse to attack Serbia and gained support from Germany.
  • On July 28, 1914, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia.
  • Serbia received support from Russia, who then invoked treaties with France and Britain.
  • Events escalated, leading to two major factions: Serbia and the Allies (France, Britain, and Russia), and Germany and Austria-Hungary (Central Powers).
  • By July 28, 1914, war on a large scale in Europe was inevitable.

Timeline of Initial countries entering the war in 1914

  • Austro-Hungarian Empire declared war on Serbia, July 28, 1914
  • Germany allied with Austro-Hungarian Empire and declared war on Serbia July 28, 1914
  • Russia mobilized for war, July 29
  • Germany declared war on Russia, August 1
  • France mobilized, August 1
  • Germany declared war on France, August 3, and invaded neutral Belgium
  • British ultimatum to Germany, August 3
  • Germany refused to withdraw from Belgium, August 4
  • Britain declared war on Germany, August 4
  • Japan declared war on Germany, August 23
  • The Ottoman Empire entered the war with the Central Powers, October 29
  • Russia declared war on the Ottoman Empire, November 2
  • Britain and France declared war on the Ottoman Empire, November 5

The Western Front and the First Battle of Marne

  • Germany faced a two-front war with Russia to the east and France to the west.
  • The Schlieffen Plan prioritized defeating France before focusing on Russia.
  • The plan involved attacking through neutral Belgium, which brought England into the war.

Battle of the Frontiers

  • The German advance through Belgium met resistance from French forces.
  • The Battle of the Frontiers consisted of five battles between the German 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th Armies, the French 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th Armies and British Expeditionary Force (BEF).
  • By August 23, the British Expeditionary Force found themselves unable to support the French 5th Army.
  • French Army was collapsing and General Lanrezac ordered a retreat

The Battle

  • Alllies unable to halt German onslaught at their border
  • Unable to stop the invasion, Paris prepared for battle, and government evacuated to Bordeaux, September 2
  • German forces ordered to approach Paris as a unit, but the 1st Army chose to pursue retreating French 5th Army
  • Gap emerged between the two Germand army rendering attack suspceptible
  • General Gallieni wanted to launch German attack before they reached Paris
  • General Joseph Joffre, agreed, seeing opportunity for counterattack
  • The French advantage of closer to Paris and fresh supplies
  • Long German supply lines
  • First Battle of Marne began, Sept 6 1914
  • French 6ht Army attacked German 1st Army causing retreat to west
  • General Galileni used taxi's for the troops
  • The "Taxis of Marne" were Renault used by police officers

The Conflict

  • Taxicabs played a huge role in keeping France from collapsing
  • Arrival of troop enabled French and english to hold the germans back
  • 5th Army of France and Bitish troops advanced to the gap attacking 2ne Army and halting the german attack
  • Victory for teh French succeeding int halling the german advance, but costly
  • Casualities estimated to be 250,000 on each side.
  • German attack and pushing them made the Schlieffen Plan ensuring the was would continue ofr 4 yrs
  • Devised by Alfred Graf von Schlieffen ensured germany could turn full attention on Russia before the Ruissan War Machine
  • Fast march from germany thorugh belgium
  • Schlieffen calculatedit would need a nominal number of troops
  • In a war, Germany only needed to place a numbers

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World War I: The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand PDF

Description

Explore the reasons behind Emperor Franz Joseph's disapproval of Archduke Franz Ferdinand's marriage, the annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Gavrilo Princip's motives for the assassination. Understand the political landscape of Central Europe leading up to World War I, including Austria-Hungary's delayed declaration of war on Serbia. Learn about the circumstances of the assassination in Sarajevo.

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