Podcast
Questions and Answers
What was the purpose of soldiers being reassigned to the español casta?
What was the purpose of soldiers being reassigned to the español casta?
- To facilitate a promotion to higher military rank. (correct)
- To enhance their chances for political positions.
- To increase their pay grade.
- To improve their social standing in civilian life.
How did masculine honor affect familial relationships in colonial New Spain?
How did masculine honor affect familial relationships in colonial New Spain?
- It encouraged open marriages.
- It was irrelevant to family dynamics.
- It led to a decrease in family connections.
- It mandated control over female relatives' sexual relationships. (correct)
What was the sistema de castas designed to delineate?
What was the sistema de castas designed to delineate?
- Political affiliations in colonial societies.
- Social mobility opportunities.
- Poverty levels among different races.
- Honorable and dishonorable sexual relationships. (correct)
Why did individuals change their casta between censuses?
Why did individuals change their casta between censuses?
What was a common practice regarding casta statuses at baptism?
What was a common practice regarding casta statuses at baptism?
What role did secular law play in familial control over marriages?
What role did secular law play in familial control over marriages?
How did colonial powers manipulate populations across the globe?
How did colonial powers manipulate populations across the globe?
What time periods were referenced concerning the influences of masculine honor in colonial society?
What time periods were referenced concerning the influences of masculine honor in colonial society?
What is the primary focus of studies in culture contact archaeology?
What is the primary focus of studies in culture contact archaeology?
What can be masked by the focus on the colonized–colonizer dichotomy?
What can be masked by the focus on the colonized–colonizer dichotomy?
Which aspects of identity does the author explore through archaeological data?
Which aspects of identity does the author explore through archaeological data?
What does the term 'social identity' refer to in this context?
What does the term 'social identity' refer to in this context?
What type of identity did military settlers at El Presidio de San Francisco attempt to consolidate?
What type of identity did military settlers at El Presidio de San Francisco attempt to consolidate?
What does the term 'double material strategy' imply in the context of identity formation?
What does the term 'double material strategy' imply in the context of identity formation?
The studies in culture contact archaeology often focus on which of the following dynamics?
The studies in culture contact archaeology often focus on which of the following dynamics?
What can social identity investigations reveal about cultural change during colonization?
What can social identity investigations reveal about cultural change during colonization?
What was a key finding about the architectural history of El Presidio de San Francisco?
What was a key finding about the architectural history of El Presidio de San Francisco?
Which quadrangle was constructed first at El Presidio de San Francisco?
Which quadrangle was constructed first at El Presidio de San Francisco?
What happened to the first quadrangle by 1780?
What happened to the first quadrangle by 1780?
What evidence exists regarding the second quadrangle?
What evidence exists regarding the second quadrangle?
What consistent feature can be observed in the configuration of the quadrangles?
What consistent feature can be observed in the configuration of the quadrangles?
Which feature did El Presidio de San Francisco lack compared to military regulations?
Which feature did El Presidio de San Francisco lack compared to military regulations?
What describes the nature of Alta California's enactment?
What describes the nature of Alta California's enactment?
What triggered the construction of the third quadrangle?
What triggered the construction of the third quadrangle?
During which time period was the second quadrangle built incrementally?
During which time period was the second quadrangle built incrementally?
Who are the editors of the work discussing women’s production in Aztec Mexico?
Who are the editors of the work discussing women’s production in Aztec Mexico?
Which institution is NOT mentioned as a partner in the research at El Presidio de San Francisco?
Which institution is NOT mentioned as a partner in the research at El Presidio de San Francisco?
In which publication does Antonia I. Castañeda discuss marriage in the Spanish Borderlands?
In which publication does Antonia I. Castañeda discuss marriage in the Spanish Borderlands?
What aspect of life is associated with the research contributions acknowledged?
What aspect of life is associated with the research contributions acknowledged?
What is the primary focus of R. Douglas Cope's research mentioned?
What is the primary focus of R. Douglas Cope's research mentioned?
Which of the following best describes Louis Choris's contribution?
Which of the following best describes Louis Choris's contribution?
Which year marks the beginning of the research at El Presidio de San Francisco as mentioned?
Which year marks the beginning of the research at El Presidio de San Francisco as mentioned?
What term is generally preferred today by descendants of Alta California's colonial population?
What term is generally preferred today by descendants of Alta California's colonial population?
What does the term 'ethnogenesis' refer to in the provided content?
What does the term 'ethnogenesis' refer to in the provided content?
Which demographic aspects were referenced in relation to Californio identities?
Which demographic aspects were referenced in relation to Californio identities?
What significant archaeological evidence was discovered at the Building 13 site in 1999?
What significant archaeological evidence was discovered at the Building 13 site in 1999?
In what historical context did the Californio identity emerge?
In what historical context did the Californio identity emerge?
What does the term 'sistema de castas' refer to?
What does the term 'sistema de castas' refer to?
What transition did the colonial population undergo leading to the Californio identity?
What transition did the colonial population undergo leading to the Californio identity?
How did Californio identities increasingly reference social standings?
How did Californio identities increasingly reference social standings?
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Study Notes
Archaeology of Culture Contact and Identity
- Archaeologists use the study of social identity to understand the social organization of past cultures.
- Social identity refers to how individuals and groups are categorized based on socially constructed differences.
- An example of social identity is the "casta" system in Colonial Spanish America.
- The "casta" system categorized individuals based on their ancestry and racial background, including, European, African, and Indigenous.
- The "casta" system was a hierarchical system used by Spanish colonial authorities to control the social and political landscape.
- Individuals could gain social mobility within the "casta” system through various means.
El Presidio de San Francisco
- El Presidio de San Francisco was a Spanish colonial military settlement.
- Archaeological data suggests that military settlers in El Presidio de San Francisco used material culture, foodways, and architecture to maintain a shared colonial identity.
- The "casta" system also influenced gender and sexual identities, particularly masculine honor.
- Within the "casta" system, men who were closely related to women who had sexual relationships with men of a lower "casta" were dishonored.
Transition to Californio Identity
- By the late 1840s, colonial settlers in El Presidio de San Francisco started identifying as "gente de razón" (people of reason), “hijos” and “hijas del paı́s” (sons and daughters of the land) and "Californios" (Californians).
- This transition to a unified regional identity represents ethnogenesis, the creation of a new ethnicity through experiences of colonization and culture contact.
- The "Californio" identity encompassed gender, sexuality, land ownership and political power.
Building 13 Midden and Architectural History
- Excavations at the site of El Presidio de San Francisco revealed a series of quadrangles, which were rectangular plazas surrounded by structures.
- These structures, specifically Building 13, have been extensively excavated.
- The quadrangles were altered over time, but the general structure remained consistent and was regulated by military regulations.
- Archaeologists found evidence of multiple iterations of the quadrangles, indicating changes in the settlement's architecture.
- These changes in architecture and material culture provide insight into the colonial settlement's adaptation and evolution.
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