Archaeology and Palaeopathology

<p>Trauma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin D deficiency resulting in inadequate calcium absorption. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stable isotope and trace element analysis of bones. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The individual's diet was rich in tropical or subtropical plants using the C4 photosynthetic pathway. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By analyzing the nitrogen-15 levels in successive bone samples to track the adoption of agriculture. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rice (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coprolite analysis provides a snapshot of recently consumed foods, whereas bone isotopes offer insight into average dietary intake over several years. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Populations evolve over time, with variation serving as a norm within these populations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The world is static, unchanging, and the product of grand design. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Essentialism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Its assertion of no gaps, flexibility, or extinction within the chain. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He developed modern biological taxonomy, a classification system. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By revealing the duration of breastfeeding through the decline in Nitrogen-15 levels after weaning. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It fostered an awareness of human and animal diversity, challenging existing belief systems and necessitating explanations for this diversity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher strontium levels suggest a diet rich in plant-based foods. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Modern species originated from pre-existing species through a process of change. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A decrease in the ratio of Nitrogen-15 to Nitrogen-14, suggesting a lower trophic level. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bone tissue shows limited responses, and different diseases can manifest similarly. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Periods of growth arrest and resumption due to stress, such as malnutrition or illness. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biases due to in-migration, out-migration, and sample representativeness. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alterations to bone caused by post-mortem environmental factors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Preservation biases affect survival and discovery of different types of evidence. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The species, number, and age of animal bones reveal dietary preferences and domestication practices. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Differential preservation of bones due to soil conditions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flora and fauna distributions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides information about symbolic practices and social structures. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps test hypotheses about tool use and food processing techniques. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The specific location where archaeological artifacts are found, essential for context.

The study of diseases and disorders in ancient populations through skeletal remains.

A condition in children caused by Vitamin D deficiency, leading to poor bone development.

The archaeological record is often incomplete due to factors like preservation bias and natural disasters.

Bones provide vital information about past health and disease through their condition and structure.

Bone is living tissue that adapts to environmental stressors, primarily influenced by chronic conditions.

Visible lines on long bones indicating growth resumption after a halt; serve as stress indicators in children.

Bone changes from external mechanical forces, not diseases; includes deformation and erosion by natural agents.

Bone alterations due to cultural practices, such as burial styles or using bones in art.

Study of past population dynamics through burial analysis, focusing on age and sex structures.

Mortality rates identified through palaeopathology; highlights specific reasons for death in populations.

Examination of skeletal populations to determine who died at what age, reflecting life expectancy.

Reconstruction of ancient diets using environmental data, artifacts, and remains.

Animal bones used to determine species variety, preferences, and age in archaeological studies.

Data from environment, artifacts, and remains that reconstruct ancient food sources and practices.

The types of food consumed by an individual or group.

The process by which the body uses food to maintain health and growth.

Variants of elements that provide information on food sources from bone analysis.

Two types of plants differentiated by their photosynthetic pathways, affecting carbon isotope levels.

Analysis of stable isotopes in bone to determine dietary habits.

Ratios of nitrogen isotopes indicate dietary patterns, especially breast milk consumption.

Infant tissues show higher nitrogen-15 due to breast milk consumption, indicating breastfeeding habits.

Strontium levels vary by diet: herbivores have highest, omnivores intermediate, and carnivores lowest.

Systematic biological change over time, with modern species originating from earlier forms.

Rising exploration in the 15th and 16th centuries spurred awareness of biodiversity and efforts to understand it.

The principle that populations, not individuals, evolve over time through variation.

Diversity exists within populations, and this variation drives evolution.

Natural selection, genetic drift, gene flow, and mutation drive evolution.

The belief that species have fixed, unchanging forms with variations seen as accidents.

A hierarchical structure where all organisms are ranked without gaps or extinction.