Archaeological Site Orientation and Stratigraphy Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What do thermoluminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating methods measure?

  • The amount of emitted light by electrons in sediment samples
  • The time elapsed since quartz grains were buried in sediment
  • The age of quartz grains since they were last exposed to sunlight (correct)
  • The temperature at which sediment samples were last heated

How do TL and OSL dating methods determine age?

  • By assessing the color changes in sediment samples
  • By measuring the radioactive decay of carbon isotopes
  • By counting the layers in sediment samples
  • By using standard deviations (correct)

What abbreviation does Olszewski use for the period between 5000 years ago and the start of the AD calendar?

  • AD
  • Years ago
  • BC (correct)
  • cal BC

Which time scale abbreviations are used to refer to uncalibrated periods of time before 50,000 years?

<p>Years ago and bp (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is stratigraphy?

<p>The study of vertical layers in an archaeological site (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of resetting the calendar by Western scholars at 2000 years ago?

<p>To create a clear distinction between BC/BCE and AD/CE (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are individual strata defined in stratigraphy?

<p>Arbitrarily, as metric levels in the stratigraphic profile (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the law of superposition state?

<p>Materials in deeper layers tend to be older than those above them (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are archaeological interpretations guided?

<p>By theoretical perspectives (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What tools are used for delicate excavation during site taphonomy understanding?

<p>Delicate tools like trowels and small brushes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of dry or wet screening during excavations?

<p>To recover microfauna and macrobotanical remains (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are sediment samples sometimes collected during excavation?

<p>For geochemistry analyses to understand site formation processes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of Ecodynamics?

<p>The interplay between humans and the environment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which discipline uses the study of living people to understand past patterns in the use of cultural materials?

<p>Ethnoarchaeology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Geochemistry involve?

<p>Analyzing the chemical composition of artifacts and bones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Gender Archaeology concerned with?

<p>Studying the roles of women, men, and other genders in prehistory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which specialty do researchers analyze natural taphonomic processes at archaeological sites?

<p>Geoarchaeology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of Ethnography?

<p>Firsthand observation of living people (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended way to approach processual and postprocessual perspectives?

<p>As complementary theoretical perspectives (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is seen as having an ethical responsibility regarding cultural heritage?

<p>Archaeologists in particular (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key challenge to the idea that the past belongs to everyone?

<p>Differences in national and ethnic identities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the central goal of indigenous archaeology?

<p>To consult and hear the voices of affected groups (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theoretical perspectives bridge processual and postprocessual views according to the text?

<p>Ecodynamics and networks and boundaries framework (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what context is the phrase 'Who Owns the Past?' used in the text?

<p>To question the collective ownership of history (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does paleomagnetism use to determine the age of a site?

<p>Reversals in the Earth's magnetic pole (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does past exposure to sunlight affect quartz grains in dating techniques?

<p>It resets the accumulated light to zero (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is paleoenvironment primarily concerned with?

<p>Understanding past environments and habitats (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is palynology used in scientific studies?

<p>To study plant pollen and understand past environments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age range is paleomagnetism particularly useful for dating sites?

<p>780,000 years and older (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does accumulated light in sediment grains represent?

<p>Time since last exposure to sunlight (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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