Archaeological Site Orientation and Stratigraphy Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What do thermoluminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating methods measure?

  • The amount of emitted light by electrons in sediment samples
  • The time elapsed since quartz grains were buried in sediment
  • The age of quartz grains since they were last exposed to sunlight (correct)
  • The temperature at which sediment samples were last heated

    • How do TL and OSL dating methods determine age?

  • By assessing the color changes in sediment samples
  • By measuring the radioactive decay of carbon isotopes
  • By counting the layers in sediment samples
  • By using standard deviations (correct)

    • What abbreviation does Olszewski use for the period between 5000 years ago and the start of the AD calendar?

  • AD
  • Years ago
  • BC (correct)
  • cal BC

    • Which time scale abbreviations are used to refer to uncalibrated periods of time before 50,000 years?

    <p>Years ago and bp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is stratigraphy?

    <p>The study of vertical layers in an archaeological site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of resetting the calendar by Western scholars at 2000 years ago?

    <p>To create a clear distinction between BC/BCE and AD/CE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are individual strata defined in stratigraphy?

    <p>Arbitrarily, as metric levels in the stratigraphic profile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the law of superposition state?

    <p>Materials in deeper layers tend to be older than those above them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are archaeological interpretations guided?

    <p>By theoretical perspectives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tools are used for delicate excavation during site taphonomy understanding?

    <p>Delicate tools like trowels and small brushes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of dry or wet screening during excavations?

    <p>To recover microfauna and macrobotanical remains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are sediment samples sometimes collected during excavation?

    <p>For geochemistry analyses to understand site formation processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of Ecodynamics?

    <p>The interplay between humans and the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which discipline uses the study of living people to understand past patterns in the use of cultural materials?

    <p>Ethnoarchaeology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Geochemistry involve?

    <p>Analyzing the chemical composition of artifacts and bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Gender Archaeology concerned with?

    <p>Studying the roles of women, men, and other genders in prehistory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which specialty do researchers analyze natural taphonomic processes at archaeological sites?

    <p>Geoarchaeology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of Ethnography?

    <p>Firsthand observation of living people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended way to approach processual and postprocessual perspectives?

    <p>As complementary theoretical perspectives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is seen as having an ethical responsibility regarding cultural heritage?

    <p>Archaeologists in particular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key challenge to the idea that the past belongs to everyone?

    <p>Differences in national and ethnic identities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central goal of indigenous archaeology?

    <p>To consult and hear the voices of affected groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theoretical perspectives bridge processual and postprocessual views according to the text?

    <p>Ecodynamics and networks and boundaries framework</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what context is the phrase 'Who Owns the Past?' used in the text?

    <p>To question the collective ownership of history</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does paleomagnetism use to determine the age of a site?

    <p>Reversals in the Earth's magnetic pole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does past exposure to sunlight affect quartz grains in dating techniques?

    <p>It resets the accumulated light to zero</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is paleoenvironment primarily concerned with?

    <p>Understanding past environments and habitats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is palynology used in scientific studies?

    <p>To study plant pollen and understand past environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age range is paleomagnetism particularly useful for dating sites?

    <p>780,000 years and older</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does accumulated light in sediment grains represent?

    <p>Time since last exposure to sunlight</p> Signup and view all the answers

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