ARC 142 Plumbing and Sanitary Systems

ARC 142: Building Utilities - Plumbing and Sanitary System

• Course is about plumbing and sanitary systems in buildings
• Prepared by AR. J.I.S.B.

Plumbing - Introduction

• Plumbing is the art and technique of installing pipes, fixtures, and other apparatuses in buildings to bring in and remove liquids, substances, and ingredients
• Plumbing originates from the Latin word "plumbum" meaning lead, as lead was once a common material for pipes
• Plumbing refers to a system of pipes and fixtures installed in a building to distribute potable water and remove waterborne wastes

Plumbing - History

• Plumbing profession originated in the Philippines in the 17th century, established by the Spaniards
• In 1902, the plumbing trade was recognized by the government
• Master Plumber John F. Hass was the first Chief of Division of Plumbing Construction (1898-1946), with the plumbing code based on the US plumbing code incorporated into the Building Code of Manila
• In 1935, the National Master Plumbers Association of the Philippines (NAMPAP) was established
• City Ordinance 2411, known as the Plumbing Code for the City of Manila, enacted
• Republic Act No. 1378, the Plumbing Code of the Philippines, was approved in 1954
• The Revised Plumbing Code of 1999 was enacted in 1999 by President Joseph Ejercito Estrada

Plumbing System - Fundamentals

• The plumbing cycle encompasses supply, distribution, use, collection, and disposal
  • Supply: Water from lakes, rivers, or reservoirs through water mains and storage tanks
  • Distribution: Water distribution through pressure piping networks
  • Use: Plumbing fixtures in the building
  • Collection: Wastewater collected through gravity and pipes
  • Disposal: Wastewater treatment and disposal through sanitary and storm sewers (to treatment plants)
• Plumbing objectives:
  • Supply water to various building parts
  • Remove human waste and other substances
• Water Supply requirements: adequate water for fixtures & prevent backflow of used water
• Drainage System requirements: fast waste removal with minimal leakage, prevent vermin/noxious gases

Plumbing System Components

• Water Supply and Distribution System
• Sanitary Drainage and Disposal System
• Storm Drainage System
• Plumbing Fixtures
• Fire Protection System
• Fuel and Gas Piping System

Common Plumbing Terms

• Bleed: Releasing excess air in a pipe using a valve.
• Brass: Corrosion-resistant material often used in pipe fittings
• Branch Drain: Fixture drain connected to the main drain pipeline
• Soil Pipe: Pipe that carries waste from a toilet

Plumbing System - Additional Terms

• Effluent: Liquid waste in a septic system
• Fitting: Part connecting two pipe sections
• Flow Rate: Amount of water flowing through a system (measured in GPM or GPH)
• Gallons per flush (GPF): Measurement of water needed to flush a toilet
• Gray Water: Wastewater from non-toilet fixtures
• Kilopascal (kPa): Metric unit of pressure (1/100th of an atmosphere)
• Maximum Containment Level (MCL): Maximum contaminant amount permitted in water supply
• Non-Ferrous Metals: Metals without iron, non-reactive, often used in plumbing
• Potable: Consumable water that is safe to drink
• Pressure Head: Unit of measure for pressure caused by water depth (one foot's depth is one pressure head)
• Riser: Vertical water pipes connecting to fixtures
• Sediment: Debris in water tanks
• Soil Pipe: Pipes that transport wastewater from fixtures
• Trap Seal: Water seal in a plumbing trap (prevents drainage gases)
• Trap Weir: Highest point of water in a P-trap or S-trap
• Water Hammer: Loud banging sound due to sudden shutoff of water supply

Plumbing Tools and Materials

• ABS: Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (plastic pipe)
• Auger: Tool used to clear clogs from drains
• Blow Bag: Tool used to force water through clogs
• CPVC: Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (pipe)
• Dope: Lubricant used on pipe threads
• Polybutylene (PB): Bendable tubing
• Polyethylene (PE): Flexible pipes
• PEX: Crossed-linked polyethylene tubing (stronger than PE)
• Plumber's Putty: Dough-like substance to seal joints
• Plunger: Tool used to unclog drains
• PVC: Polyvinyl Chloride (plastic pipe)
• Snake: Thin, flexible cord to remove clogs from drains
• Teflon Tape: Non-stick tape for pipe joints

Septic System-Specific Components

• Absorption Field: Area to filter and disperse wastewater from septic tanks
• Leach Line: Pipes carrying wastewater to the absorption field
• Septic Tank: Underground tank for wastewater temporary storage

This quiz covers the fundamental concepts and history of plumbing and sanitary systems in buildings. Learn about the art of plumbing, its origins, and key milestones in the profession, particularly in the Philippines. Test your knowledge on the essential techniques and developments in plumbing.