Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the main reason alphaviruses and flaviviruses are classified as arboviruses?
What is the main reason alphaviruses and flaviviruses are classified as arboviruses?
- They are spread by arthropod vectors (correct)
- They infect only vertebrates
- They replicate in invertebrates
- They have a broad host range
Which type of RNA genome do alphaviruses possess?
Which type of RNA genome do alphaviruses possess?
- Positive-sense, single-strand RNA (correct)
- Double-strand RNA
- Negative-sense, single-strand RNA
- Positive-sense, double-strand RNA
What anchors the carboxy terminus of the glycoproteins in alphaviruses' envelope?
What anchors the carboxy terminus of the glycoproteins in alphaviruses' envelope?
- Capsid (correct)
- RNA genome
- Viral proteins
- Icosahedral capsid
How do alphaviruses attach to host cells?
How do alphaviruses attach to host cells?
What are common symptoms of the disease caused by the virus discussed in the text?
What are common symptoms of the disease caused by the virus discussed in the text?
How can the virus be transmitted even in the absence of symptoms?
How can the virus be transmitted even in the absence of symptoms?
What method is commonly used for detecting and characterizing alphaviruses and flaviviruses?
What method is commonly used for detecting and characterizing alphaviruses and flaviviruses?
What is the primary means of preventing the spread of arboviruses like dengue and chikungunya?
What is the primary means of preventing the spread of arboviruses like dengue and chikungunya?
What is a characteristic of the yellow fever vaccine mentioned in the text?
What is a characteristic of the yellow fever vaccine mentioned in the text?
Why are live vaccines available for some arboviruses but not for others mentioned in the text?
Why are live vaccines available for some arboviruses but not for others mentioned in the text?
Which virus family translates its entire genome into a single polyprotein, similar to picornaviruses?
Which virus family translates its entire genome into a single polyprotein, similar to picornaviruses?
Where are the structural genes typically located in the flavivirus genome?
Where are the structural genes typically located in the flavivirus genome?
How do flaviviruses acquire their envelope?
How do flaviviruses acquire their envelope?
What is the primary target cell type for flaviviruses?
What is the primary target cell type for flaviviruses?
In arthropods, what must be maintained in the vertebrate host to allow acquisition of the virus?
In arthropods, what must be maintained in the vertebrate host to allow acquisition of the virus?
What effect does nonneutralizing antiviral antibody have on flavivirus infection?
What effect does nonneutralizing antiviral antibody have on flavivirus infection?
Where do flaviviruses replicate to high titers within mosquitoes?
Where do flaviviruses replicate to high titers within mosquitoes?
What is the mode of release of flaviviruses from infected cells?
What is the mode of release of flaviviruses from infected cells?
Which type of cells express Fc receptors for antibody and release cytokines upon challenge?
Which type of cells express Fc receptors for antibody and release cytokines upon challenge?
What causes death in a virus-infected cell due to increased permeability of the target cell membrane?
What causes death in a virus-infected cell due to increased permeability of the target cell membrane?
Which mosquito species is mentioned as a normal vector for WEEV but unable to transmit certain strains to humans?
Which mosquito species is mentioned as a normal vector for WEEV but unable to transmit certain strains to humans?
Which virus family's genome organization displays temporal distinction in protein translation?
Which virus family's genome organization displays temporal distinction in protein translation?
Which type of arthropod primarily spreads arboviruses?
Which type of arthropod primarily spreads arboviruses?
Why is the spread of arboviruses usually restricted to a specific genus of mosquitoes?
Why is the spread of arboviruses usually restricted to a specific genus of mosquitoes?
What is the usual reservoir host for alphaviruses and flaviviruses?
What is the usual reservoir host for alphaviruses and flaviviruses?
Which virus was first noted in 1999 after causing unusual deaths in captive birds at the Bronx Zoo?
Which virus was first noted in 1999 after causing unusual deaths in captive birds at the Bronx Zoo?
What factor increases the risk of human infection by arboviruses when traveling into the ecologic niche of the mosquito vector?
What factor increases the risk of human infection by arboviruses when traveling into the ecologic niche of the mosquito vector?
Why do health departments monitor birds and mosquitoes for arboviruses?
Why do health departments monitor birds and mosquitoes for arboviruses?
Which arboviruses are transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes in an urban cycle?
Which arboviruses are transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes in an urban cycle?
Which process allows alphavirus genomes to enter the cell cytoplasm?
Which process allows alphavirus genomes to enter the cell cytoplasm?
What components are included in the initial polyprotein translated from the alphavirus RNA?
What components are included in the initial polyprotein translated from the alphavirus RNA?
What is the function of the nonstructural early proteins in alphavirus replication?
What is the function of the nonstructural early proteins in alphavirus replication?
How are late mRNAs produced during alphavirus replication?
How are late mRNAs produced during alphavirus replication?
What type of proteins are encoded by the 26S RNA in alphavirus replication?
What type of proteins are encoded by the 26S RNA in alphavirus replication?
How are alphavirus glycoproteins processed after translation?
How are alphavirus glycoproteins processed after translation?
What happens once the icosahedral capsid formed by C proteins is completed in alphaviruses?
What happens once the icosahedral capsid formed by C proteins is completed in alphaviruses?
How are alphaviruses released from human cells after replication?
How are alphaviruses released from human cells after replication?
What is the typical presentation of a symptomatic chikungunya virus infection?
What is the typical presentation of a symptomatic chikungunya virus infection?
Which age group is at higher risk for serious disease associated with West Nile Virus (WNV)?
Which age group is at higher risk for serious disease associated with West Nile Virus (WNV)?
What symptoms are indicative of dengue fever according to the text?
What symptoms are indicative of dengue fever according to the text?
What is the mortality rate associated with yellow fever during epidemics?
What is the mortality rate associated with yellow fever during epidemics?
Which type of diseases are EEEV, WEEV, and VEEV infections known to progress to in humans?
Which type of diseases are EEEV, WEEV, and VEEV infections known to progress to in humans?
What can be a consequence if an individual infected with West Nile Virus is immunocompromised?
What can be a consequence if an individual infected with West Nile Virus is immunocompromised?
What symptom can occur if an individual has dengue fever according to the text?
What symptom can occur if an individual has dengue fever according to the text?
In which regions is dengue most commonly found according to the text?
In which regions is dengue most commonly found according to the text?
What determines the ultimate nature of alphavirus and flavivirus diseases?
What determines the ultimate nature of alphavirus and flavivirus diseases?
What causes systemic symptoms such as fever, chills, and headaches within 7 days of infection?
What causes systemic symptoms such as fever, chills, and headaches within 7 days of infection?
How does the virus access the brain in the case of alphaviruses and flaviviruses?
How does the virus access the brain in the case of alphaviruses and flaviviruses?
Which response limits replication of alphaviruses and flaviviruses?
Which response limits replication of alphaviruses and flaviviruses?
How does immunity to one flavivirus potentially provide protection against other flaviviruses?
How does immunity to one flavivirus potentially provide protection against other flaviviruses?
What is a common consequence of excessive interferon and cytokine responses?
What is a common consequence of excessive interferon and cytokine responses?
Why are humans considered 'dead-end' hosts for arboviruses like alphaviruses and flaviviruses?
Why are humans considered 'dead-end' hosts for arboviruses like alphaviruses and flaviviruses?
How are secondary viremias related to targeting specific organs in alphavirus and flavivirus infections?
How are secondary viremias related to targeting specific organs in alphavirus and flavivirus infections?
How is immunity both beneficial and harmful in response to alphavirus and flavivirus infections?
How is immunity both beneficial and harmful in response to alphavirus and flavivirus infections?
What is the role of antibodies in blocking viremic spread of viruses?
What is the role of antibodies in blocking viremic spread of viruses?
What initiates rapid onset flulike symptoms in mild systemic disease caused by alphaviruses and flaviviruses?
What initiates rapid onset flulike symptoms in mild systemic disease caused by alphaviruses and flaviviruses?
Why is inflammation a double-edged sword in response to alphavirus and flavivirus infections?
Why is inflammation a double-edged sword in response to alphavirus and flavivirus infections?
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