30 Questions
What is unique about the number of legs in arachnids?
They have eight legs
What is a characteristic of the venom of black widow spiders?
It decreases the reuptake of acetylcholine at NMJ
What is the typical treatment for a black widow spider bite?
Supportive care, including IV opiates and muscle relaxants
What is a symptom of a black widow spider bite?
Progressive muscle spasms
Approximately how many species of spiders exist worldwide?
100,000
What is a characteristic of widow spiders?
They are venomous to humans
What is a common complication associated with the use of antivenin for spider bites?
Serum sickness
What is the typical progression of a Brown Recluse spider bite?
Localized swelling and pain, followed by fever, chills, and vomiting
What is the time frame within which antivenin must be administered for a spider bite?
Within 4 hours
What is the main concern with scorpion stings in Saudi Arabia?
Incidence rate
What is the typical outcome of a Brown Recluse spider bite?
Tissue necrosis and scarring
What is the most toxic family of scorpions?
Buthidae
What is the primary cause of neuromuscular dysfunction and overstimulation of the autonomic nervous system in scorpion stings?
Neurotoxins in scorpion venom
Which of the following symptoms is NOT typical of scorpion stings?
Rash
What is the primary treatment for most adult scorpion sting victims?
Supportive treatment only
What is the fatality rate of marine envenomation?
25%
What is the primary mechanism of envenomation by jellyfish and sea wasps?
Nematocysts
Which of the following marine animals has a venom that is similar to tetrodotoxin?
Blue-ringed octopus
What is the primary function of a nematocyst in a jellyfish?
To capture prey
What is the first step in treating a jellyfish sting?
Cutting off the tentacles
What is the purpose of using vinegar in treating a jellyfish sting?
To inactivate nematocysts
What type of fish is known for its venomous spines on its fins?
Lionfish
What is the primary component of bee venom responsible for causing an allergic reaction?
Melittin
What is the treatment for a stingray wound?
Remove the stinger and irrigate with hot water
What is a key difference in the venom of wasps, yellow jackets, and hornets compared to bees?
The presence of Ach and serotonin
What is a common symptom of an allergic reaction to an insect sting?
Generalized flushing of the skin
What is a severe complication of massive envenomation?
CV collapse
What is the purpose of administering steroids, antihistamines, and vasopressors in the treatment of insect stings?
To provide CV support
What is the primary function of an EpiPen Auto-Injector?
To treat anaphylaxis
What is the reason for hospital admission in cases of massive envenomation, even if the patient is asymptomatic?
To monitor for delayed systemic toxicity
Learn about the different types of arachnids, including spiders, scorpions, and ticks, and the effects of their venom on humans, including black widow and recluse spider bites.
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