Arachnid Envenomation and Spider Bites

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What is unique about the number of legs in arachnids?

They have six legs
They have ten legs
They have varying numbers of legs
They have eight legs (correct)

What is a characteristic of the venom of black widow spiders?

It has no effect on nerve function
It contains cytotoxins
It decreases the reuptake of acetylcholine at NMJ (correct)
It is primarily composed of epinephrine

What is the typical treatment for a black widow spider bite?

Surgical removal of the affected area
Administration of a specific antivenin
Supportive care, including IV opiates and muscle relaxants (correct)
Topical application of a pain-relieving cream

What is a symptom of a black widow spider bite?

Progressive muscle spasms (D) Signup and view all the answers

Approximately how many species of spiders exist worldwide?

100,000 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of widow spiders?

They are venomous to humans (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complication associated with the use of antivenin for spider bites?

Serum sickness (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical progression of a Brown Recluse spider bite?

Localized swelling and pain, followed by fever, chills, and vomiting (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the time frame within which antivenin must be administered for a spider bite?

Within 4 hours (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern with scorpion stings in Saudi Arabia?

Incidence rate (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical outcome of a Brown Recluse spider bite?

Tissue necrosis and scarring (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most toxic family of scorpions?

Buthidae (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of neuromuscular dysfunction and overstimulation of the autonomic nervous system in scorpion stings?

Neurotoxins in scorpion venom (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is NOT typical of scorpion stings?

Rash (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment for most adult scorpion sting victims?

Supportive treatment only (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the fatality rate of marine envenomation?

25% (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of envenomation by jellyfish and sea wasps?

Nematocysts (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following marine animals has a venom that is similar to tetrodotoxin?

Blue-ringed octopus (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a nematocyst in a jellyfish?

To capture prey (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in treating a jellyfish sting?

Cutting off the tentacles (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using vinegar in treating a jellyfish sting?

To inactivate nematocysts (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of fish is known for its venomous spines on its fins?

Lionfish (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of bee venom responsible for causing an allergic reaction?

Melittin (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for a stingray wound?

Remove the stinger and irrigate with hot water (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference in the venom of wasps, yellow jackets, and hornets compared to bees?

The presence of Ach and serotonin (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of an allergic reaction to an insect sting?

Generalized flushing of the skin (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a severe complication of massive envenomation?

CV collapse (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of administering steroids, antihistamines, and vasopressors in the treatment of insect stings?

To provide CV support (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of an EpiPen Auto-Injector?

To treat anaphylaxis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for hospital admission in cases of massive envenomation, even if the patient is asymptomatic?

To monitor for delayed systemic toxicity (A) Signup and view all the answers