Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a sign that indicates a noun?
The use of 'ya' to call something
Which of the following is required to indicate a noun is in a genitive case?
Preceding the noun with a preposition
When is a past tense verb built on fatha (فتح)?
When there are no suffix connections
Which suffix connection results in a past tense verb being built on sukoon (سكون)?
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Under what condition is a past tense verb built on dhamma (ضم)?
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What does the present tense verb indicate?
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In what situation is the present tense verb in the nominative case?
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Which vowel marks a present tense verb in the nominative case if it ends with a regular consonant?
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Study Notes
Marks of Nouns
- The definite article (ال التعريف) is specific to nouns only, e.g., سماء السماء.
- The preposition (الجر) is accepted by all nouns, and its presence is indicated by the use of prepositional particles (من, الى, على, الباء, etc.), e.g., ذهب خالد الى المدرسة.
- The vocative (النداء) is used to address someone, and it is indicated by the use of the vocative particle (يا) before the noun, e.g., يا عبدالله.
- The nunation (التنوين) is a mark of indetermination, and it has three forms: tanween of damm (حياة), tanween of fath (حياةً), and tanween of kasr (حياة).
Verbs
- A verb is a word that conveys a meaning in itself and is related to time, and it has three types based on time.
Past Tense
- The past tense (الفعل الماضي) indicates an action that occurred before the time of speaking, and its basic mark is the connection with the taa' of the doer (تاء الفاعل) or the taa' of femininity (تاء التأنيث الساكنة).
- The past tense is built on:
- Fath (الفتح) if it is not connected to anything, e.g., كتب محمدواجبه المدرسي.
- Fath if it is connected to the taa' of femininity (تاء التأنيث الساكنة), e.g., كتبت فاطمة القصيدة.
- Fath if it is connected to the dual (الف الاثنين), e.g., اللاعبان غادرا الملعب.
- Sukan (السكون) if it is connected to the moving pronouns of the nominative case (ضمائر الرفع المتحركة), e.g., قرات قرات قرات الدرس, قرأنا الدرس, هن قرأن الدرس.
- Damm (الضم) if it is connected to the plural pronoun (واو الجماعة), e.g., الموظفون غادروا المكان.
Present Tense
- The present tense (الفعل المضارع) indicates an action that is happening now or will happen later, and its mark is the acceptance of the sin (السين) and the future tense (سوف).
- The present tense is an inflected verb, and its inflectional cases are:
- Rafe' (الرفع): when it is not preceded by a particle of jarr (نصب) or jazm (جزم), and its mark is the apparent Damm (الضمة) on its last letter if it is a sound verb, and the implied Damm (الضمة المقدرة) if its last letter is a weak consonant (الواو, الياء, or الالف).
- Nasb (النصب): when it is preceded by a particle of nasb.
- Jazm (الجزم): when it is preceded by a particle of jazm.
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