Arabic Grammar Basics

Nominative and Accusative Cases

• In Arabic, nouns and adjectives can take one of three cases:
  • Nominative (مرفوع): subject of the sentence
  • Accusative (منصوب): direct object of the sentence
  • Genitive (مجرور): indirect object or possessor
• The nominative case is marked by a د (damma) on the last syllable of the noun or adjective
• The accusative case is marked by a أ (fatha) on the last syllable of the noun or adjective

Sentence Structure

• Arabic sentences typically follow a VSO (Verb-Subject-Object) word order
• However, the word order can be flexible depending on the emphasis and context of the sentence
• Arabic sentences often use a system of suffixes and prefixes to indicate grammatical relationships between words

Verb Conjugation

• Arabic verbs are conjugated according to:
  • Tense (past, present, or future)
  • Mood (indicative, imperative, or subjunctive)
  • Voice (active or passive)
  • Person (first, second, or third)
  • Number (singular or plural)
  • Gender (masculine or feminine)
• There are 14 main verb forms in Arabic, each with its own set of conjugations
• The verb conjugation pattern is determined by the root letters and the pattern of the verb

Possessive Pronouns

• Possessive pronouns in Arabic are attached to the noun they possess
• The possessive pronouns are:
  • my: ي (ya) or إي (i)
  • your (m.): ك (ka)
  • your (f.): كي (ki)
  • his: ه (hu)
  • her: ها (ha)
  • our: نا (na)
  • your (pl.): كم (kum)
  • their: هم (hum)
• The possessive pronouns are attached to the noun using a system of suffixes and prefixes