Aquinas: Life and Key Works
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary argument that suggests an unmoved mover must exist?

  • Quia effect
  • Argument of contingency
  • Argument from degree
  • Argument of the first cause (correct)

    • Aquinas believed that happiness can be achieved solely through material wealth.

    False

    What does the teleological argument propose?

    Everything acts towards an end directed by an intelligent being.

    The concept that all things in existence depend on something else for their existence is known as __________.

    <p>contingency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the argument to its description:

    <p>Argument from degree = Demonstrates a hierarchy of perfection Argument of the first cause = Every effect must have a cause Teleological argument = Everything has an end or purpose Argument of contingency = Things depend on something else for existence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which view aligns with the idea that happiness is found in reasoned actions?

    <p>Intellect and rationality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Created happiness is considered superior to uncreated happiness according to Aquinas.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do external goods contribute to happiness according to Aquinas?

    <p>External goods facilitate the pursuit of happiness but are not the source of true happiness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Aquinas, what is the final source of true happiness?

    <p>God</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pleasure is considered an essential component of happiness.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Aquinas mean by the term 'created happiness'?

    <p>Happiness derived from finite sources or material goods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The soul is considered _____ in its pursuit of happiness according to Aquinas.

    <p>above the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following concepts related to happiness according to Aquinas:

    <p>Fame and glory = Temporary sources of happiness Power = Principle but not an end Intellect = Path to true happiness Created happiness = Derived from material goods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does Aquinas argue does NOT produce happiness?

    <p>Created Good</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aquinas believes that happiness can be found in relationships with family and friends.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinction Aquinas makes between created and uncreated happiness?

    <p>Created happiness is derived from temporal goods, while uncreated happiness is found in divine contemplation of God.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Aquinas, what is necessary for true happiness?

    <p>God</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aquinas claims that wealth can bring lasting happiness.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'telos' refer to in teleological ethics?

    <p>End or finality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aquinas asserts that man acts in pursuit of an ________ end.

    <p>ultimate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the external ends with their descriptions:

    <p>Wealth = Temporary and desired but not fulfilling Honor = Valued by others, yet not truly satisfying Fame = A fleeting recognition that doesn’t guarantee happiness Power = Influence without internal fulfillment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Aquinas, why do external goods like fame and honor fail to produce true happiness?

    <p>They are not final and lead to ongoing desires.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aquinas believes that animals and plants share the ultimate end in the same way as humans.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Aquinas believe about those who seek fame or glory as their ultimate end?

    <p>They have a limited perspective and do not see the broader vision of true happiness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Aquinas suggest is the basis for perfect happiness?

    <p>Union with God and vision of the divine essence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Aquinas, the body is necessary for perfect happiness.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the will play in achieving happiness, according to Aquinas?

    <p>The will must act correctly towards God.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following arguments suggests that everything that moves must be moved by something else?

    <p>Unmoved mover</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The argument of contingency suggests that everything in the universe is necessary and cannot be contingent.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For Aquinas, _____ is the ultimate end and provides perfect happiness.

    <p>God</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following concepts with their descriptions:

    <p>Angels = Not a source of pure happiness Monks = Living a life aimed at contemplating God Vision of God = Perfect knowledge of the divine essence Correct will = Necessary for happiness in heaven</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the teleological argument primarily concerned with?

    <p>Purpose or end of things</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The argument from degree derives from the existence of different levels of __________.

    <p>perfection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered the ultimate end of man according to the discussions?

    <p>Reasoned actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Natural desires in humans are considered to require reason for action.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the discussion, what is necessary for something to be considered an uncaused cause?

    <p>It must not rely on anything else for its existence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Aquinas, which of the following is considered an ultimate end for human life?

    <p>God</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aquinas believes that man can have multiple ultimate ends.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Aquinas identify as a typical misconception about the ultimate end of human life?

    <p>Many believe it is fame, glory, or wealth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Animals and plants share the ultimate end not as an object for the sake of which, but for the ________.

    <p>use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term Aquinas uses to describe the finality in ethics?

    <p>Teleology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Aquinas, the pursuit of external goods always leads to true happiness.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one reason Aquinas believes wealth does not bring happiness?

    <p>It is not final and leads to continuous wanting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A person’s ultimate end is linked to their ________, determining the nature of their actions.

    <p>purpose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Aquinas, what is the ultimate object that can provide true happiness?

    <p>God</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Augustine argue regarding nature and ultimate ends?

    <p>Nature tends to one end.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aquinas believes that health and good looks are sufficient for achieving happiness.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of happiness according to Aquinas?

    <p>The perfect good which wholly brings desire to rest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Aquinas, happiness cannot be attained through __________ such as laptops or fame.

    <p>created goods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following sources of happiness with their definitions:

    <p>Created happiness = Temporary and dependent on the material world Uncreated happiness = Permanent and derived from God External goods = Items that do not produce true happiness Intellectual contemplation = Deep reflection that brings us closer to the divine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does pleasure play in Aquinas's understanding of happiness?

    <p>It is an accident and not a definitive source of happiness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aquinas believes that happiness can be found in one's relationships with family and friends.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which philosophical distinction does Aquinas make regarding happiness?

    <p>The distinction between created and uncreated happiness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Only through __________ can the will reach a state of rest according to Aquinas.

    <p>God</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions:

    <p>Fame = An external good that does not yield happiness Power = A principle that can be used for good or evil Pleasure = A sensory experience that is temporary Happiness = The perfect good that rests in God</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes self-evidence according to Aquinas?

    <p>The predicate is included in the meaning of the subject.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Aquinas, the existence of God is self-evident to everyone.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What argument does Aquinas use to claim that God must exist in reality beyond just the mind?

    <p>The ontological argument.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Aquinas, every effect depends upon its __________.

    <p>cause</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following objections to Aquinas's argument for proving God's existence:

    <p>God is an article of faith = You cannot prove God exists. Negative theology = We can only say what God is not. Proportions = Attributes of God are infinite and cannot be fully comprehended.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the labyrinth play in relation to pilgrimage?

    <p>A means to meditate and connect with God</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aquinas believes that God can be fully understood through human reasoning.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Aquinas argue that the existence of God can be demonstrated?

    <p>Through known effects that imply a cause.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aquinas argues that God is considered __________ to us outside of faith.

    <p>self-evident</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of Aquinas's view on the interconnectedness of everything?

    <p>Everything is interconnected, emphasizing a unity in existence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Aquinas' Life and Work

    • Aquinas was a medieval philosopher and teacher.
    • He taught at the university and his writings reflect his purpose of teaching.
    • He realized that the medieval period had reached its peak and considered his work as the last major medieval philosophy.
    • The Summa Theologica is a significant work of Aquinas.

    Summa Theologica Structure

    • The readings aim for class debates.
    • Divided into Parts 1, 2, and 3.
    • Part 1 is further divided.
    • Discusses human actions (general and particular).
    • Each article has a yes/no question, objections, and Aquinas' response.

    The Great Chain of Being

    • A visual metaphor from medieval philosophy.
    • Organizes the universe in a hierarchical order (higher and lower beings).
    • Men, women, minerals, plants, angels, and demons are all parts of the chain, connected to God.
    • God is the source of all being.

    Chartres Labyrinth

    • Represents a journey, symbolic beginning and end.
    • A substitute for pilgrimages.
    • An act of mediation with God through the labyrinth route.
    • Connects to medieval times because everything is connected to God.

    Self-Evidence of God's Existence

    • Aquinas defines self-evident as the predicate being included in the subject's meaning.
    • God's existence is self-evident in itself but not necessarily to us.
    • God is the greatest conceivable being.
    • Ontological argument establishes God's existence through concept.
    • Existence can be demonstrated through known things.

    Proofs for God's Existence

    • Demonstration through cause and effect.
    • Things that are caused must have a first cause, which is God.
    • God is the unmoved mover, explaining the motion in the universe.
    • Existence of different degrees of perfection points towards a perfect being (God).
    • Teleological argument suggests a guiding intelligence (God) behind the natural order.

    Happiness and the Ultimate End of Man

    • Actions have a purpose and aim towards an end.
    • Natural inclinations are natural desires.
    • Human beings have ends that are praiseworthy or blameworthy, reflecting their actions' values.
    • The ultimate end is something self-sufficient and absolute (like God)
    • Happiness is a specific type of activity that involves the intellect.

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    Description

    Explore the life and influence of Thomas Aquinas, a prominent medieval philosopher and teacher. This quiz covers key concepts from his significant work, Summa Theologica, as well as important philosophical metaphors like the Great Chain of Being and the Chartres Labyrinth. Engage with the material to deepen your understanding of medieval philosophy.

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