Aquinas' 5 Proofs and Catholic Beliefs

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Questions and Answers

What is NOT one of Aquinas' five proofs for God?

  • Design / Order / Intelligence
  • Emotion / Feeling (correct)
  • Efficient Cause
  • Gradation

Which statement best defines a saint in the Catholic Church?

  • A person in heaven known for virtuous living. (correct)
  • A person who was exceptionally wealthy and powerful.
  • Individuals who have rules or laws named after them.
  • Anyone who has attended a religious service.

Who is considered the first Pope of the Catholic Church?

  • St. Peter (correct)
  • St. Thomas Aquinas
  • St. Augustine
  • John Paul II

According to Catholic teaching, when does human dignity begin?

<p>At the moment of conception (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Magisterium in the Catholic Church?

<p>To interpret the Holy Scriptures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes morality?

<p>A system of values regarding right and wrong actions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinction between morality and ethics?

<p>Morality concerns the rightness of actions, while ethics deals with moral principles. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which concept is closely related to the development of an individual's conscience in Catholic belief?

<p>Growth through prayer and charity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the Priest play during the Sacraments?

<p>He acts as a representative of God. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sacrament is primarily concerned with washing away Original Sin?

<p>Baptism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of God according to the provided content?

<p>Omnipresent: in all places at all times (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle emphasizes responsibility for the most vulnerable members of society?

<p>Option for the Poor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the STOP Method's 'T' stand for?

<p>Think: Evaluating all available options (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of justice focuses on the distribution of resources such as healthcare?

<p>Distributive (Government) Justice (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the responsibilities related to Catholic Social Teachings?

<p>Ensure all humans can live with dignity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gift is received during the Sacrament of Confirmation?

<p>The Gifts of the Holy Spirit (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a sin in the Catholic Church regarding the life of the mother?

<p>Abortion, unless the life of the mother is at risk (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two purposes does sexuality fulfill within marriage according to Catholic teachings?

<p>Procreation and unification of the couple (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of chastity in the context provided?

<p>Physical and emotional self-control (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason effective communication is important in relationships?

<p>To fulfill our need to be loved (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are vices as defined in the context provided?

<p>Bad habits that lead you away from God (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the Four Kinds of Love mentioned?

<p>Amore (Romantic Love) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does grace represent in the context provided?

<p>God's gift of love extended to us (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about living together before marriage?

<p>It provides a practical test of compatibility (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Dignity of the Human Person

The belief that all human life is sacred from conception, recognizing the inherent dignity of every person.

Responsibilities and Rights

The belief that we have a responsibility to ensure all people have access to basic human rights, allowing them to live with dignity.

Global Solidarity and Development

The understanding that we are interconnected and must consider the impact our actions have on others, both locally and globally.

Option for the Poor

The priority to care for the most vulnerable members of society, acknowledging their equal worth and dignity.

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Stewardship of God's Creation

The belief that we have a responsibility to care for and protect God's creation, the environment.

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Transcendent

The belief that God exists beyond our physical reality, transcending our limitations.

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Omnipresent

The belief that God is present in all places at all times.

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Omniscient

The belief that God knows everything.

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Sacredness of Life

The belief that human life is sacred because it is a gift from God.

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Stewardship of Creation

The responsibility to care for the natural world, including animals and the environment.

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Love for Oneself

Loving oneself through self-respect, humility, and care for physical and spiritual well-being.

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Love for Others

Loving others unconditionally, even your enemies, and showing kindness and compassion.

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Chastity

The virtue of controlling one's physical and emotional desires, especially in sexual matters.

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Abstinence

The practice of abstaining from sexual activity.

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Grace

The gift of God that allows us to connect with Him and others. It is freely given, not earned.

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Human Dignity

The idea that each human being has worth and value simply because they exist, this dignity is inherent and cannot be earned or lost.

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Magisterium

The official teaching authority of the Catholic Church, comprised of the Pope and bishops in union with the Holy Spirit.

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Ethics

The set of moral principles that govern a person's behavior and conduct. It involves understanding the nature of good and right judgment.

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Conscience

The inner voice of God within you, which helps you discern right from wrong. It develops through prayer, fasting, and charity.

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Aquinas' Proof of Motion

This explores how the existence of motion in the world points to a First Mover, a source of all movement that itself is unmoved.

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Aquinas' Proof of Efficient Cause

This argument points to a first cause, or efficient cause, for everything in the world. Nothing can cause itself, so there must be a first cause that is not itself caused.

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Aquinas' Proof of Possibility and Necessity

This proof focuses on the possibility of things existing and not existing. It argues for a necessary being, something that exists by its own nature and is the source of all contingent beings.

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Aquinas' Proof of Gradation of Being

This proof observes the varying degrees of perfection and goodness in the world, suggesting that there must be a perfect being that is the source of all goodness.

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Study Notes

Aquinas' 5 Proofs for God

  • Motion/Change: Everything that moves is moved by something else; there must be an initial mover.
  • Efficient Cause: Everything is caused by something; there must be a first cause.
  • Possibility/Necessity: Things exist and things don't exist; there must be a necessary being that ensures existence.
  • Gradation: There are degrees of goodness, beauty, and perfection; there must be a perfect standard.
  • Design/Order/Intelligence: The complex order of the universe implies a designer.

Saints

  • Saints are people in heaven who lived virtuous lives, offered their lives for others, or were martyred for faith.
  • Canonized saints can intercede with God.
  • They are virtuous examples to follow.

The Magisterium of the Catholic Church

  • The hierarchy of the Church is the Magisterium.
  • God (Father, Son, Holy Spirit) is above all.
  • The Pope is the head of the Church, a teacher, leader, and successor to St. Peter.
  • With the Holy Spirit, the Pope interprets the Bible.
  • Papal encyclicals (official letters from the Pope) are considered infallible.
  • Bishops are not always infallible in their teachings.
  • The Magisterium was established by Jesus, and all Popes are successors of St. Peter.

Morality, Ethics & The Conscience

  • Morality focuses on determining right and wrong actions. Following natural law/God's wisdom is one approach; utilitarianism is another.
  • Ethics are the rules governing conduct and the study of the nature of good.
  • Conscience is God’s inner voice helping us determine right and wrong, growing through prayer and charity.

Human Dignity

  • Human dignity begins at conception.
  • Abortion and euthanasia are considered sins, unless the mother's life is in danger.
  • All human life originates from God, so it must be respected.
  • Catholics are called to love God and neighbor and care for the planet.

Sexuality & Chastity

  • Chastity involves emotional and physical self-control.
  • Married couples can practice chastity.
  • Abstinence is not practicing sexual relationships.
  • Human sexuality is a gift from God, used for procreation and unity in marriage.
  • Premarital cohabitation can lead to relationship issues.

Vices & Virtues & The Sacraments

  • Virtues are good habits leading to God.
  • Vices are bad habits that lead away from God.
  • Character is influenced by a combination of virtues and vices.
  • Grace is God's undeserved love.
  • Sacraments are extensions of God’s grace.
  • Baptism, Eucharist, Confirmation, Marriage, Holy Orders, Anointing of the Sick, and Reconciliation are sacraments.

The Nature of God

  • God is transcendent, omnipresent, omniscient, omnipotent, and holy.

Four Kinds of Justice

  • Ecological justice concerns the environment.
  • Distributive justice involves access to resources, like healthcare.
  • Social justice involves caring for others.
  • Individual justice promotes personal morality needed in community.

Stop Method of Decision Making

  • The STOP method (Search, Think, Others, Prayer) is used for making ethical decisions.

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