28 Questions
What is the purpose of decalcification in tissue preparation?
To remove calcium ions from the tissue
What is the ideal thickness of tissue sections for routine histopathological studies?
5-7 μm
What is the primary function of xylene in tissue preparation?
Clearing
What is the ideal temperature for incubating culture plates for bacterial colonies?
25-30°C
What is the optimal percentage of ethyl alcohol for dehydrating tissues?
50-70%
What is the purpose of hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining?
To facilitate histological diagnosis of viral diseases
What is the primary focus of the first level of diagnosis?
Physical examination and gross external features
What is the ideal sample for diagnostic purposes?
Moribund fish
What is the recommended volume of fixatives to be used for each specimen?
5-10 times the volume of the specimen
What is the purpose of fixation of samples?
To preserve the sample for further analysis
What is the recommended fixation time for 10% neutral buffered formalin (NBF)?
24h
What is the name of the fixative that is best for shrimp histology?
Davidson’s Alcohol Formalin Acetic acid (AFA)
What are the important gross external signs among finfishes?
Lesions, hemorrhage, color changes, fin erosion, fouling, bulging, and corneal eye opacity
What is the purpose of archiving facilities in a laboratory?
To store test records and relevant data
What is the color of the Gram - bacteria after Gram staining?
Red/Pink
What is the indicator used in the oxidase test?
Indophenol blue
What is the product of fermentation of glucose?
Lactic acid
What is the purpose of the Voges-Proskauer test?
To detect the production of acetoin
What is the principle of the catalase test?
To detect the presence of enzyme catalase
What is the purpose of the nitrate reduction test?
To detect the reduction of nitrate to nitrite
What is the principle of the ONPG test?
To detect the production of β-galactosidase
What is the purpose of the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method?
To detect the presence of bacterial susceptibility
What is the principle behind indirect immunofluorescence?
Using an unlabeled second antibody directed towards the first antibody
What is the main application of ELISA?
To quantify the amount of antigen or antibody in a sample
What is the main difference between direct and indirect immunofluorescence?
Direct immunofluorescence uses a fluorochrome-tagged primary antibody
What is the purpose of bioassay?
To test for toxicity using living organisms
What is the purpose of dot blot hybridization?
To detect the unfractionated DNA or RNA molecules fixed on a membrane
What are the major components of PCR?
Primers, Target DNA, dNTPs, and Thermostable DNA polymerase
This quiz covers the basics of diagnosing diseases in aquatic animals, including finfishes and shrimps. It includes physical observations and water quality parameters to identify health issues. Test your knowledge of aquatic animal health!
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