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Questions and Answers

What artistic movements is performance art associated with?

  • Surrealism and Impressionism
  • Dadaism and Futurism (correct)
  • Cubism and Realism
  • Romanticism and Baroque

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of performance art?

  • Involvement of machines as performers
  • Strict adherence to scripted dialogue (correct)
  • Incorporation of dance and music
  • Ritualized elements

The term "live art" is often used interchangeably with which of the following?

  • Digital art
  • Performance art (correct)
  • Sculpture art
  • Installation art

Which group is notably linked to the evolution of performance art through their experimental practices?

<p>Futurists (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What year is primarily recognized as the start of the Futurism movement?

<p>1909 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these elements can be included in performance art?

<p>Robots and machines (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term is associated with the early performance art movement that includes body art and intervention?

<p>Fluxus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major cultural trend aligns closely with the emergence of performance art?

<p>Constructivism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was discovered by British Archaeologist C. Leonard Wooley in 1927?

<p>A series of tombs in the City of Ur (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which decorative feature is commonly found in pottery from Neolithic Iran?

<p>Depictions of the ibex (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best-known type of megalithic structure mentioned in the content?

<p>Stonehenge (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'cuneiform writing' refer to?

<p>A script used in Mesopotamia for recording (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the likely purpose of Stonehenge, as suggested by the discovery at Durrington Walls?

<p>A burial ground (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following materials was found among the artifacts in the tombs of Ur?

<p>Electrum and lapis lazuli (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What historical narrative does the Epic of Gilgamesh preserve?

<p>The historical lineage of Mesopotamian kings (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Hebrews' refer to within the context provided?

<p>Outcasts or nomads from Mesopotamia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were the founders of the Nouveau réalisme movement?

<p>Pierre Restany and Yves Klein (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main focuses of Nouveau réalisme artists?

<p>Bringing life and art closer together (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artwork is not associated with Yves Klein?

<p>Fountain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which movement is linked with the concept of 'happening'?

<p>Gutai (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic was prominent in Gutai's art?

<p>Rejection of consumerism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the region where the Gutai movement emerged?

<p>Kansai (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following artists was influenced by the Gutai group?

<p>Wolf Vostell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of actions did the Gutai group often perform?

<p>Ironic actions with latent aggressiveness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Carolee Schneemann best known for in her artistic career?

<p>Multi-media works on the body, narrative, sexuality, and gender (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artwork was created by Carolee Schneemann?

<p><em>Interior Scroll</em> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who among the following is known as a pioneer of performance art alongside Carolee Schneemann?

<p>Joan Jonas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Barbara Smith's primary area of activism?

<p>Black feminism and LGBT rights (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What unique perspective did Carolee Schneemann have about her body in relation to her art?

<p>She considered her body a surface for work. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did Joan Jonas play in the evolution of video art?

<p>She was one of the most influential and pioneering artists in video and performance art. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement most accurately reflects the approach of artists like Schneemann and Kusama?

<p>They often incorporated nudity and personal narratives in their performance art. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What common theme ties together the works of Carolee Schneemann, Joan Jonas, and other artists mentioned?

<p>Performance-based work often involving the human body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a notable change in performance art by the end of the 1980s?

<p>It no longer needed to be defined as it became widely recognized. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which performance artist was not mentioned as a crossover artist in mainstream entertainment in the 1980s?

<p>Marina Abramović (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant influence on public interest in performance art during the 1980s?

<p>Access to the art world and desire for unorthodox presentations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the political context affect performance art in the 1980s?

<p>It restricted performance art in many countries with communist governments. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes Tehching Hsieh's Art/Life: One Year Performance?

<p>A politically charged performance utilizing subversive metaphors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which settings did performance art thrive in Eastern Bloc countries before 1989?

<p>In private apartments and artist studios. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did mass culture play in the evolution of performance art during the 1980s?

<p>It provided inspiration and content for performances. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best captures the public's reaction to performance art in the 1980s?

<p>Audiences were shocked and reassessed their notions of art. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artist is known for using her body as a vehicle to explore contemporary topics without considering her work as self-portraits?

<p>Cindy Sherman (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artist founded the first feminist art program in the United States?

<p>Judy Chicago (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common theme explored by artists like Eleanor Antin in their works?

<p>Gender, race, and class issues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following artists is associated with feminist corporeity and phallic performative actions?

<p>Lynda Benglis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic defines Judy Chicago's art installations?

<p>Collaboration and themes of birth and creation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does Cindy Sherman use her photography to comment on society?

<p>Through satirical depictions of media representation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the works of Louise Bourgeois during the late seventies and eighties?

<p>Their minimalist discourse and emotional depth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which movement is associated with performance art as described in the content?

<p>Feminist performance art (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Willendorf Venus

A famous Paleolithic figurine, recovered in 1908.

Neolithic Pottery

Pottery used for carrying water and storing food in the Neolithic period.

Megaliths

Large stone monuments, common in Britain and France.

Menhirs

Upright stones in megalithic structures.

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Cromlech

A type of megalithic structure, like Stonehenge.

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Cuneiform Writing

An ancient writing system using wedge-shaped marks on clay tablets.

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Ur Tombs

Ancient tombs excavated in the Mesopotamian city of Ur, revealing valuable artifacts.

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Sumerian Literature

Important literary works preserved on thousands of clay tablets.

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Performance art

A form of art using live performance as the medium. It can involve various elements like satire, robots, rituals, and different performing arts (dance, music).

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Alternative Artistic Manifestation

A new way to express art, different from traditional methods.

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Performance art origins

Emerged in 1916, alongside Dadaism, as an offshoot of conceptual art.

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Dadaism's influence

Dada's poetic actions and rejection of conventions were key inspirations for performance art.

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Futurism

An artistic movement that emerged in 1909, initially a literary movement with participation of painters and other art forms.

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Live art (alternative)

Some artists prefer terms like "live art" or "action art" for performance art.

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Conceptual art

An art form where the core idea or concept is more important than a physical object or artwork.

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Body art

A performance art form that utilizes the body as a medium, encompassing a wide range of actions and expressions.

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Nouveau réalisme

A 1960s art movement that incorporated real-world objects and actions into art, bringing art and life closer.

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Gutai

A Japanese movement from the 1950s, known for actions, happenings, and rejecting consumerism through ironic actions.

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Action art/happening

A form of performance art, emphasizing actions and events as a key aspect of the art itself.

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Yves Klein

A key figure in Nouveau réalisme, known for performance art and conceptual pieces with a focus on live actions.

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Pierre Restany

A critic, co-founder of Nouveau réalisme, who organized collective exhibitions and performance art events.

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Rejection of consumerism

A theme in Gutai, expressing opposition to capitalist values by using ironic or aggressive actions.

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Real-world objects in art

A characteristic feature of Nouveau réalisme, incorporating everyday objects into artwork to bridge the gap between art and life.

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Carolee Schneemann

An American visual artist known for performance pieces that explored the body, narrative, sexuality, and gender.

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Yayoi Kusama

A Japanese artist known for her avant-garde art, including performance art, and for her use of repetitive patterns and dots.

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Charlotte Moorman

An American artist known for her avant-garde performances that involved nudity and often incorporated the cello.

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Yoko Ono

A Japanese avant-garde artist and musician who also pioneered performance art and is known for her experimental and conceptual practices.

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Barbara Smith

A prominent African-American feminist and LGBT activist who worked as a teacher, writer, and defender of Black feminism.

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Joan Jonas

An American artist known for her pioneering work in video and performance art, who is one of the most important female artists of the late 1960s and early 1970s.

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Performance art in the 1980s

Performance art gained significant popularity in the 1980s, becoming so well-known that it no longer required definition. Mass culture, especially television, influenced its structure and content, and some performance artists transitioned to mainstream entertainment.

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Public reception of performance art

Performance art attracted a large audience, particularly in the 1980s. This interest reflected a desire to be part of the art world, witness its rituals, and experience the unexpected and unconventional presentations.

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Performance art publications

The growing popularity of performance art in the 1980s led to the emergence of publications and compilations focusing on the medium and its prominent artists.

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Political context of performance art (1980s)

The political climate of the 1980s greatly influenced the development of performance art, particularly works with critical and political themes.

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Performance art and communism

Performance art was often suppressed or prohibited in communist countries, with notable exceptions like Poland and Yugoslavia. Artists in countries like the GDR, Czechoslovakia, and Hungary found ways to express themselves in more clandestine settings.

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Subversive metaphors

Performance artists in communist countries used subversive metaphors to critique political situations, expressing dissent through symbolic language and hidden meanings.

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Tehching Hsieh's Art/Life: One Year Performance

Tehching Hsieh's Art/Life: One Year Performance (Rope Piece), created between 1983 and 1984, is a notable example of politically charged performance art. It involved tying himself with a rope for a year, symbolizing the constraints and limitations imposed by political systems.

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Feminist Art Movement

A movement in art that challenges traditional representations of women and explores themes of gender, sexuality, and social equality.

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Ana Mendieta

An artist who created works that explored themes of violence and the female body, often using her own body in performance art.

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Cindy Sherman

A photographer known for her self-portraits that question the representation of women in media and society.

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Judy Chicago

An artist who created large collaborative art installations that celebrate women's history and experiences.

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Feminist Performance Art

A form of performance art that challenges traditional gender roles and societal expectations, often using the body as a tool for expression.

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Lynda Benglis

An artist who used her body and performative actions to reconstruct the feminine image and challenge traditional representations of women.

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Eleanor Antin

An artist who worked with themes of gender, race, and class in her art, exploring the complexities of social identity.

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Study Notes

Art Eras and Movements

  • Paleolithic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman, Mesopotamian, Hebrew art movements are discussed.
  • Early cave paintings, like those in the Ardeche Gorge, are remarkably similar to contemporary works.
  • The discoveries suggest that art may have existed far earlier than previously believed, potentially originating 90,000 - 100,000 years ago in the Near East.
  • Culture, encompassing values and behaviors, is passed down through generations.

Ancient Civilizations

  • Mesopotamian civilizations flourished in the Tigris and Euphrates river valleys (modern-day Iraq, parts of Syria, and Turkey).
  • Key cities and civilizations include Sumerians (Uruk, Ur, and Eridu), Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians.
  • Mesopotamia is called the Cradle of Civilization for the development of writing, urban centers, and complex governance systems.
  • Ancient Egypt, centered on the Nile River in Northeast Africa, saw advancements in architecture (pyramids), mathematics, medicine, and writing (hieroglyphs).

Paleolithic Cultures and Artifacts

  • Evidence of humans dating back 5.7 million years was found in Ethiopia (2001).

  • Hominids, the earliest upright humans, created stone tools around 2.5-2.6 million years ago.

  • Paleolithic tools were associated with hunting and gathering.

  • Cave paintings (like those at Altamira and Lascaux) depicted animals and were likely used for hunting rituals or to ensure success.

  • Female figurines, such as the Venus of Willendorf, were prevalent and are believed to represent fertility.

Neolithic Pottery and Cultures

  • The transition from hunting to agriculture led to the use of pottery vessels.
  • Pottery in Iran, for example, often depicted the ibex—a symbol of plenty.

Mesopotamia: Power and Social Order

  • In 1927, British archaeologist C. Leonard Wooley unearthed tombs in the city of Ur, revealing valuable objects.
  • Objects, such as vessels, crowns, and jewelry, made of precious materials like electrum and lapis lazuli were found.
  • Cuneiform writing, inscribed on clay tablets, was used to record religious texts, blessings, and the Epic of Gilgamesh.

Hebrews

  • Hebrews, also known as Habiris, were nomadic peoples forced out of Mesopotamia around 2800 BCE.
  • The Hebrews' journey to Canaan is recounted in their traditions.
  • The Exodus story describes their escape from slavery in Egypt and their journey across the desert.
  • Their cultural traditions impacted Western Civilization, providing a moral and ethical framework for religions like Christianity.

Modern Art

  • Modern Art (late 19th century-1970s) emphasizes individual expression, experimentation, abstraction, and rejection of traditional subjects.
  • Key artists include Pablo Picasso (Les Demoiselles d'Avignon), Salvador Dalí (Persistence of Memory), Henri Matisse (Dance), and Jackson Pollock (Autumn Rhythm).
  • Neo-expressionism (1970s-1980s) emerged as a reaction against minimalism and conceptual art which reflected raw emotion and bold colors in figurative paintings.
  • Artists like Jean-Michel Basquait (Untitled (Skull)) , Anselm Kiefer (Margarethe), and Julian Schnabel (The Walk Home) were prominent in this movement.

Street Art

  • Street art (1970s – present) is characterized by public spaces as canvases, often without official permission, and incorporates graffiti, stencil graffiti, stickers, and murals; vibrant graphics, social and political messages, and a counter-culture ethos.
  • Influential artists include Banksy, Shepard Fairey, Jean-Michel Basquiat, and Keith Haring.

Land Art

  • Land art (late 1960s-1970s), also called Earth Art, uses natural settings as canvases and often emphasizes the relationship between art and the environment.
  • Key artists include Robert Smithson, Michael Heizer, Nancy Holt, and James Turrell, known for their site-specific works like Spiral Jetty and Sun Tunnels.

Postmodern Art

  • Postmodern art emerged in the 1970s as a reaction to modernism, by its eclecticism, questioning of grand narratives, and the blending of high and low culture.
  • Key figures include Jeff Koons (Balloon Dog), Cindy Sherman (Untitled Film Stills), and Damien Hirst (The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living).

Appropriation

  • Appropriation is the practice of borrowing, reusing, or reinterpreting pre-existing images, objects, or ideas in new works of art.
  • It's a technique common in both traditional and contemporary artistic practices.
  • Some historical examples include Roman copies of Greek sculptures, while examples of modern appropriation involve the reuse of motifs, symbols, or styles from other cultures.
  • Contemporary appropriation often critiques the cultural values, political contexts, and social structures of consumerism and the art market itself.

Performance Art

  • Performance art (1960s to present), explores the visual, physical act, and the relationship between the artist and the audience.
  • Artists include Yves Klein, Carolee Schneemann, Marina Abramović, and Chris Burden.

Key Artists and Works

  • Key artists include: Marcel Duchamp, Andy Warhol, Sherrie Levine, Barbara Kruger, Banksy, Robert Smithson, Michael Heizer, Nancy Holt, Jeff Koons, and Cindy Sherman.
  • Key artworks include: Duchamp’s Fountain, Warhol’s Campbell’s Soup Cans, Levine's After Walker Evans, Koons’s Balloon Dog, Smithson’s Spiral Jetty.

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