AQA GCSE History: America 1920-1973

Questions and Answers

What does NAACP stand for?

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

What does UNIA stand for?

Universal Negro Improvement Association

Who were the Bonus Marchers?

A group of veterans that asked the president for their war bonus early

Who was Al Capone?

A gangster who headed a criminal bootlegging empire in Chicago Signup and view all the answers

What did Henry Ford invent?

Mass production of cars (Model T); assembly line Signup and view all the answers

What is moonshine?

Homemade alcohol Signup and view all the answers

What is a speakeasy?

An illegal bar Signup and view all the answers

What does 'a chicken in every pot' refer to?

A claim by Hoover that everything would be good Signup and view all the answers

What does Rugged Individualism mean?

Look after yourself Signup and view all the answers

What are bootleggers?

Smugglers of illegal alcohol during the Prohibition era Signup and view all the answers

What is a flapper?

Young women of the 1920s that behaved and dressed in a radical fashion Signup and view all the answers

Which party is seen as the conservative party?

Republican Party Signup and view all the answers

Which party is seen as the progressive party?

Democratic Party Signup and view all the answers

What were The Roaring Twenties?

An era with an emphasis on having fun and spending money Signup and view all the answers

What do Republican Party Policies focus on?

Focused on Laissez-Faire Signup and view all the answers

What does federal mean in the context of government?

A system in which power is divided between the national and state governments Signup and view all the answers

What is mass production?

Process of making large quantities of a product quickly and cheaply Signup and view all the answers

What is advertising?

The public promotion of a product or service Signup and view all the answers

What is a production line?

An arrangement in a factory in which a thing being made is passed through a set of operations Signup and view all the answers

What is Taylorism?

Subdivision of tasks to speed up production Signup and view all the answers

What is the Model T?

A cheap and simple car designed by Ford Signup and view all the answers

What is overproduction?

A condition in which the production of goods exceeds the demand for them Signup and view all the answers

What does the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) focus on?

White Supremacy, White Nationalism, Anti-immigration Signup and view all the answers

What was The Monkey Trial?

A legal case between the state government and Darwinism Signup and view all the answers

What was The Red Scare?

Ongoing threat of communism from Russia following the 1917 revolution Signup and view all the answers

What is immigration?

The act of coming to live in a foreign country Signup and view all the answers

What is the Volstead Act?

18th Amendment to the American Constitution prohibiting alcohol Signup and view all the answers

What was the St. Valentine's Day Massacre?

The most spectacular gangland slaying in mob history Signup and view all the answers

What does speculation refer to?

Investment of stocks, property, etc. in hopes of gain but with risk of loss Signup and view all the answers

What are Hoovervilles?

Groups of shacks in which homeless people lived during the Great Depression Signup and view all the answers

Who was Calvin Coolidge?

The 30th President of the United States; also known as 'Silent Cal' Signup and view all the answers

Who was W.E.B. DuBois?

African-American socialist, writer, and founding member of the NAACP Signup and view all the answers

Who was Marcus Garvey?

An immigrant from Jamaica who believed that African Americans should build a separate society Signup and view all the answers

What does laissez-faire mean?

Idea that government should play as little role as possible in economic affairs Signup and view all the answers

What is an economic boom?

A time of fast economic growth Signup and view all the answers

What is an economic bust?

A period following a boom where inflation decreases and unemployment rises Signup and view all the answers

What is democracy?

A form of government in which citizens govern themselves Signup and view all the answers

What are tariffs?

Taxes on imports or exports Signup and view all the answers

What was the Wall Street Crash?

The Stock Market Crash on Tuesday, 29th Oct 1929 Signup and view all the answers

What is prejudice?

Preconceived judgment that is not based on reason or experience Signup and view all the answers

What is racism?

Belief that one racial group is superior to another Signup and view all the answers

What are Jim Crow Laws?

Laws designed to enforce segregation of blacks from whites Signup and view all the answers

What is segregation?

The action or state of setting someone or something apart from others Signup and view all the answers

Who was Paul Robeson?

Bass singer and actor involved in the civil rights movement Signup and view all the answers

What does isolationism refer to?

A national policy of avoiding involvement in world affairs Signup and view all the answers

What were the Hundred Days?

First 100 days of FDR's presidency; Congress passed 15 major laws Signup and view all the answers

What are Alphabet Agencies?

U.S. Federal government agencies as part of FDR's New Deal Signup and view all the answers

What does FERA stand for?

Federal Emergency Relief Administration Signup and view all the answers

What does CCC stand for?

Civilian Conservation Corps Signup and view all the answers

What does AAA stand for?

Agricultural Adjustment Administration Signup and view all the answers

What does NIRA stand for?

National Industrial Recovery Act Signup and view all the answers

What does PWA stand for?

Public Works Administration Signup and view all the answers

What does NRA stand for?

National Recovery Administration Signup and view all the answers

What was The New Deal?

Domestic policies created by FDR to get the United States out of the Great Depression Signup and view all the answers

What does TVA stand for?

Tennessee Valley Authority Signup and view all the answers

Who was Huey Long?

40th governor of Louisiana and Member of the US Senate from 1932 Signup and view all the answers

Who was Herbert Hoover?

The 31st President of the United States during the stock market crash of '29 Signup and view all the answers

Who was Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR)?

The 32nd president of the USA, serving from 1933 to 1945 Signup and view all the answers

Who were Sacco and Vanzetti?

Two Italian men that had an unjust trial Signup and view all the answers

Who was John Scopes?

Man that took up the job to illegally teach the Theory of Evolution Signup and view all the answers

Who was Warren Harding?

The 29th President of the USA, Republican Signup and view all the answers

What does WASP stand for?

White Anglo-Saxon Protestant Signup and view all the answers

Who were the Wets?

Those against Prohibition Signup and view all the answers

Who were the Dries?

Supporters of Prohibition Signup and view all the answers

What does temperance mean?

Restraint or moderation, especially regarding alcohol or food Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Key Organizations and Figures

NAACP: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, a prominent civil rights organization.
UNIA: Universal Negro Improvement Association, founded by Marcus Garvey to promote African American self-reliance.
Al Capone: Notorious gangster in Chicago, controlled a bootlegging empire, and was involved in community aid through soup kitchens.
Henry Ford: Revolutionized car manufacturing with the Model T and assembly line, enabling wider car ownership among Americans.
W.E.B. Du Bois: African-American socialist and NAACP co-founder advocating for civil rights.

Economic Concepts

Mass Production: The method of producing large quantities of goods quickly and economically, exemplified by Ford's Model T.
Overproduction: A situation where production exceeds demand, contributing to economic decline.
Laissez-faire: Economic policy advocating minimal government interference in market affairs.
Economic Boom and Bust: Periods of rapid economic growth followed by downturns with inflation decreases and rising unemployment.

Laws and Amendments

The Volstead Act: Enforced Prohibition (18th Amendment), banning alcohol production and sale.
Jim Crow Laws: Legislation designed to maintain racial segregation in the Southern United States.

Flappers: Young women in the 1920s known for their bold fashion and attitudes, symbolizing a cultural shift.
Rugged Individualism: An ideology promoted by the Republican Party emphasizing self-reliance and minimal government support.

Events and Their Significance

Bonus Marchers: Unemployed veterans who protested for early payment of war bonuses during the Great Depression.
St. Valentine's Day Massacre: 1929 gang-related killings orchestrated by Al Capone, highlighting the violent conflict in organized crime.
Wall Street Crash: The catastrophic stock market crash on October 29, 1929, marking the beginning of the Great Depression.

Government Responses to Crisis

The New Deal: A series of programs and policies by FDR aimed at economic recovery during the Great Depression.
Alphabet Agencies: Federal programs created under FDR, such as FERA, CCC, and NRA, to provide relief and stimulate the economy.

Cultural Impacts

The Roaring Twenties: A decade marked by economic prosperity, cultural dynamism, and a shift towards consumerism, though benefits were unevenly distributed.
Speculation: High-risk investment practices that contributed to the economic collapse post-boom.

Radical Movements and Ideologies

The Red Scare: The fear of communism following Russia's 1917 revolution, leading to social and political repercussions.
Ku Klux Klan (KKK): An extremist group advocating white supremacy and nationalism, gaining traction in early 20th century America.

Historical Figures and Their Role

Herbert Hoover: 31st President during the onset of the Great Depression; known for his belief in limited government intervention.
Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR): 32nd President who introduced proactive government policies to combat the Great Depression.
Sacco and Vanzetti: Italian immigrants executed after a controversial trial, reflecting anti-immigrant sentiment in the 1920s.

Concepts of Prejudice and Segregation

Prejudice: Preconceived judgments not based on personal experience or reason.
Racism: The belief in the superiority of one race over another, influencing social dynamics and policies.

Speakeasy: Illegal bars popular during the Prohibition era, reflecting the cultural defiance of the time.
Moonshine: Homemade distilled alcohol, often produced illegally during Prohibition.
Wets and Dries: Groups opposing and supporting Prohibition, respectively, highlighting the societal divide on alcohol regulations.

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Description

This quiz covers key terms and concepts from AQA GCSE History related to America between 1920 and 1973. It includes important organizations like NAACP and UNIA, significant events such as the Bonus March, and notable figures like Al Capone. Test your knowledge and understanding of this pivotal era in American history.