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Questions and Answers
What is the defining feature of isomers?
What is the defining feature of isomers?
In E-Z isomerism, what does the 'E' isomer signify?
In E-Z isomerism, what does the 'E' isomer signify?
What distinguishes Position Isomers from other types of isomers?
What distinguishes Position Isomers from other types of isomers?
What is a characteristic of Functional Group Isomers?
What is a characteristic of Functional Group Isomers?
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Which type of isomerism involves the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog (CIP) Priority Rules?
Which type of isomerism involves the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog (CIP) Priority Rules?
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What distinguishes Structural Isomers from other isomers?
What distinguishes Structural Isomers from other isomers?
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What type of formula shows the structural arrangement of atoms within a molecule?
What type of formula shows the structural arrangement of atoms within a molecule?
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In a homologous series, how do consecutive members differ?
In a homologous series, how do consecutive members differ?
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Which type of formula shows every atom and every bond in an organic compound?
Which type of formula shows every atom and every bond in an organic compound?
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What is assumed to be bonded to carbon atoms in a skeletal formula unless stated otherwise?
What is assumed to be bonded to carbon atoms in a skeletal formula unless stated otherwise?
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What increases as the chain length increases in a homologous series?
What increases as the chain length increases in a homologous series?
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What is depicted by curly arrows in reaction mechanisms?
What is depicted by curly arrows in reaction mechanisms?
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Study Notes
Nomenclature
- Empirical Formula: simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound
- Molecular Formula: true number of atoms of each element in a compound
- General Formula: formula that all members of a homologous organic series follow
- Structural Formula: shows the structural arrangement of atoms within a molecule
- Displayed Formula: shows every atom and every bond in an organic compound
- Skeletal Formula: shows only the bonds in a compound and any non-carbon atoms, assuming hydrogen is bonded to carbon unless stated otherwise
Homologous Series
- Organic compounds often part of a homologous series, where all members follow a general formula and react similarly
- Each consecutive member differs by CH2 and has an increase in boiling points as chain length increases
Reaction Mechanisms
- Show the movement of electrons within a reaction, using curly arrows
- Used to show reactions of organic compounds
Isomerism
- Isomers: molecules with same molecular formula but different arrangement of atoms within the molecule
- Structural Isomers: different structural arrangement of atoms, can be straight chains or branched chains
- Position Isomers: functional group in a different position of the carbon chain
- Functional Group Isomers: different arrangement of the same molecular formula, resulting in a different functional group
- Stereoisomers: different spatial arrangement, including E-Z isomerism
- E-Z Isomerism: limited rotation around a double carbon bond, resulting in groups being 'together' or 'apart'
Cahn-Ingold-Prelog (CIP) Priority Rules
- Priority of different groups in molecules that can display E-Z isomerism
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Description
Learn about the nomenclature of organic compounds including Empirical Formula and Molecular Formula. Explore the different ways of writing and representing organic compounds in this detailed note from PMT Education.
