AQA A Level Biology Topic 1: Carbohydrates and Monosaccharides
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Questions and Answers

What type of bonds are formed by DNA polymerase when joining adjacent nucleotides?

  • Peptide bonds
  • Ionic bonds
  • Covalent bonds (correct)
  • Hydrogen bonds

    • What is the process called when DNA helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds in the DNA double helix?

  • Denaturation
  • Hydrolysis
  • Replication
  • Unwinding (correct)

    • What attaches to the exposed nucleotide bases during DNA replication?

  • Free bases
  • Phosphate groups
  • Free nucleotides (correct)
  • Deoxyribose sugars

    • What type of bonds are formed between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the deoxyribose of another during DNA replication?

    <p>Phosphodiester bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of DNA helicase in DNA replication?

    <p>It breaks the hydrogen bonds between the DNA strands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common mistake related to DNA replication?

    <p>DNA polymerase forms phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reaction is involved when hydrogen bonds are broken during DNA replication?

    <p>None of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about DNA replication is true?

    <p>DNA polymerase joins adjacent/next to nucleotides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of ATP?

    <p>Ribose bound to a molecule of adenine and 3 phosphate groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way is ATP broken down?

    <p>ATP (+ water) → ADP + Pi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP?

    <p>ATP hydrolase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is inorganic phosphate used after the hydrolysis of ATP in cells?

    <p>It can be used to phosphorylate other compounds to make them more reactive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is ATP resynthesized in cells?

    <p>ADP + Pi → ATP (+ water)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way in which the hydrolysis of ATP is utilized in cells?

    <p>To release or provide energy for energy-requiring reactions within cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is ATP considered a suitable immediate source of energy for cells?

    <p>It releases energy in relatively small amounts with little loss as heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which common mistake about ATP is addressed in the text?

    <p>&quot;ATP hydrolysis creates energy.&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about ATP is incorrect?

    <p>ATP can be stored within cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the strong cohesion between water molecules?

    <p>The polarity of water molecules and the formation of hydrogen bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a property of water that is important in biology?

    <p>Water's ability to be stored within cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do hydrogen bonds between water molecules contribute to the high specific heat capacity of water?

    <p>Hydrogen bonds require a lot of energy to break, allowing water to absorb and store a lot of heat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the primary reason why water's high latent heat of vaporization is important in biology?

    <p>It helps maintain a constant internal body temperature in organisms through evaporative cooling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do hydrogen bonds between water molecules contribute to water's ability to act as a solvent?

    <p>Hydrogen bonds allow water to form a stable network of molecules that can effectively surround and dissolve a wide range of solutes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a reason why water's high specific heat capacity is important in biology?

    <p>It allows water to be stored within cells for long periods of time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do hydrogen bonds between water molecules contribute to water's high latent heat of vaporization?

    <p>Hydrogen bonds create a rigid, crystalline structure that requires a lot of energy to break apart during evaporation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe a polymer composed of many monomers?

    <p>Polymer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common monosaccharide?

    <p>Ribose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structural difference between α-glucose and β-glucose?

    <p>The position of the hydroxyl group on the first carbon atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which a disaccharide is formed from two monosaccharides?

    <p>Condensation reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following disaccharides is composed of glucose and fructose?

    <p>Sucrose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the bond that joins two monosaccharides in a disaccharide?

    <p>Glycosidic bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are polysaccharides, and how are they formed?

    <p>Polysaccharides are large molecules formed by the condensation of many monosaccharides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe two monosaccharides joined together?

    <p>Dimer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes the effect of non-competitive inhibitors on enzyme-catalyzed reactions?

    <p>Non-competitive inhibitors bind to allosteric sites, causing a conformational change that reduces the affinity of the enzyme for the substrate, decreasing the rate of reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the concentration of a non-competitive inhibitor is increased, how does it affect the rate of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction?

    <p>The rate of reaction decreases, as non-competitive inhibitors reduce the affinity of the enzyme for the substrate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements correctly describes the effect of increasing substrate concentration on an enzyme-catalyzed reaction in the presence of a non-competitive inhibitor?

    <p>Increasing substrate concentration will have no effect on the rate of reaction, as the inhibitory effect of the non-competitive inhibitor is permanent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements correctly describes the induced fit model of enzyme action?

    <p>The active site of the enzyme is initially not complementary to the substrate, but undergoes a conformational change to become complementary upon substrate binding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements correctly describes the effect of high or low pH or temperature on enzyme activity?

    <p>High or low pH or temperature can cause the enzyme to denature, resulting in the breaking of hydrogen and ionic bonds that maintain the tertiary structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements correctly describes the effect of non-competitive inhibitors on the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction as the substrate concentration is increased?

    <p>The rate of reaction will remain constant, regardless of the substrate concentration, due to the inhibitory effect of non-competitive inhibitors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements correctly describes the effect of non-competitive inhibitors on the maximum velocity (Vmax) of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?

    <p>Non-competitive inhibitors decrease the maximum velocity (Vmax) of the reaction by reducing the affinity of the enzyme for the substrate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements correctly describes the effect of non-competitive inhibitors on the Michaelis constant (Km) of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?

    <p>Non-competitive inhibitors have no effect on the Michaelis constant (Km) of the reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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