APUSH Period 9 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What caused the Energy Crisis?

A decrease in oil supplies and embargos by OPEC.

What is stagflation?

A stagnant economy with high inflation and high unemployment.

What was the main message of Carter's 'Malaise' speech in 1979?

Carter criticized American materialism and urged a communal spirit to improve the economy.

What occurred during the Iranian Hostage Crisis in 1979?

Iranian militants overtook the U.S. Embassy in Iran, holding hostages for 444 days. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Moral Majority?

A conservative religious organization led by Televangelist Jerry Falwell. Signup and view all the answers

What does Focus on the Family promote?

Socially conservative views. Signup and view all the answers

What is Supply-Side Economics?

The idea that reducing taxes for the wealthy will stimulate the economy and create jobs. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 do?

Reagan cut income taxes by 25% over 3 years. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Sagebrush Rebellion?

A Western political movement to stop federal land and natural resource use. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Contract with America in 1994?

A pledge by Republican Congress candidates to reduce government size and balance the budget. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of Planned Parenthood v. Casey in 1992?

It upheld the right to have an abortion. Signup and view all the answers

What led to the increase in the Budget Deficit and National Debt in the 1980s?

Tax cuts and defense spending. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Medicare Modernization Act of 2003 entail?

It adds benefits for prescription drugs to the Medicare system. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)?

Reagan's program to create laser satellites against nuclear missiles. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Mikhail Gorbachev?

Leader of the Soviet Union beginning in 1985, known for political and economic reform. Signup and view all the answers

What happened in the Iran-Contra Scandal in 1987?

The U.S. sold weapons to Iran in exchange for American hostages. Signup and view all the answers

What are the Strategic Arms Reduction Talks?

Negotiations between Reagan and the Soviets to reduce nuclear weapons. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Intermediate Nuclear Force Treaty in 1987?

It called for the destruction of U.S. and Soviet missiles in Europe. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 symbolize?

The end of the Cold War. Signup and view all the answers

What led to the Fall of the Soviet Union in 1991?

The rise in nationalism and economic problems. Signup and view all the answers

What occurred during the Persian Gulf War in 1991?

The U.S. defeated Iraq after its invasion of Kuwait. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Dayton Agreement of 1995?

It was signed by three Bosnian ethnic groups to end their civil war. Signup and view all the answers

What triggered the Bombing of Yugoslavia in 1999?

NATO bombed Yugoslavia to remove troops from Kosovo. Signup and view all the answers

What is Al Qaeda?

A terrorist network started in 1989 by Osama Bin Laden. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Taliban?

A group of Muslim fundamentalists who gained control of Afghanistan in 1996. Signup and view all the answers

What happened during the attacks of September 11, 2001?

The World Trade Center and the Pentagon were attacked, killing over 3000 people. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Patriot Act allow?

It allows the government to deal with suspected terrorists. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Department of Homeland Security?

A cabinet department created to protect the U.S. from terrorist attacks. Signup and view all the answers

What started the War in Afghanistan in 2001?

A response to 9/11 to dismantle Al Qaeda and remove the Taliban from power. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Iraq War, which lasted from 2003 to 2011?

A conflict initiated by the U.S. to overthrow Saddam Hussein's regime. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Energy Crisis and Economy

The Energy Crisis resulted from a decrease in oil supplies and OPEC embargos, severely impacting energy availability in the U.S.
Stagflation characterized the economy during this period, marked by stagnation and high inflation, leading to increased unemployment.

Political Events and Responses

Jimmy Carter's "Malaise" speech in 1979 criticized American consumerism, calling for a more communal spirit; however, it politically backfired.
The Iranian hostage crisis commenced when Iranian militants seized the U.S. Embassy in 1979, holding hostages for 444 days under Ayatollah Khomeini's leadership.

Rise of Conservative Movements

The Moral Majority, led by televangelist Jerry Falwell, arose as a conservative religious organization advocating for traditional values.
Focus on the Family emerged as a religious organization promoting socially conservative views, shaping public opinion on family matters.

Economic Policies

Supply-Side Economics, known as Reaganomics, proposed that tax reductions for the wealthy would stimulate the economy, creating jobs through increased investments.
The Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 instituted a 25% income tax cut over three years and reduced the highest tax rate from 78% to 28%.

National Debt and Political Movements

The U.S. faced an increase in the budget deficit and national debt during the 1980s due to tax cuts and extensive defense spending.
The Sagebrush Rebellion arose in the West advocating for less federal control over land and natural resources.

Legal and Political Developments

Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992) upheld abortion rights, marking a significant legal victory for reproductive rights advocates.
The "Contract with America" in 1994 was a pledge by Republican Congressional candidates to reduce government size and balance the budget, succeeding in winning both houses of Congress.

Foreign Policies and Treaties

The Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), famously called the "Star Wars" plan, aimed to create a missile defense shield using laser satellites.
Mikhail Gorbachev, the leader of the Soviet Union from 1985, initiated reforms promoting political and economic changes, fostering improved U.S.-Soviet relations.
The Intermediate Nuclear Force Treaty in 1987 facilitated the destruction of U.S. and Soviet missiles stationed in Europe.
Strategic Arms Reduction Talks aimed to significantly reduce the number of nuclear weapons held by both superpowers.

The End of the Cold War

The fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 symbolized the collapse of Soviet influence in Eastern Europe, effectively marking the end of the Cold War.
The Soviet Union disintegrated in 1991, driven by nationalism among satellite states and economic turmoil.

Conflicts and Global Responses

The Persian Gulf War in 1991 saw U.S. forces, led by President Bush, successfully repel Iraqi troops from Kuwait following Saddam Hussein’s invasion.
The Dayton Agreement (1995) concluded the violent civil war in Bosnia by securing a peace settlement among ethnic groups.
NATO's bombing of Yugoslavia in 1999 aimed to alleviate humanitarian crises in Kosovo by forcing Serbian troops to withdraw.

Rise of Terrorism and Security Measures

Al-Qaeda, established by Osama Bin Laden in 1989, emerged as a militant Islamic terrorist network.
The Taliban gained control of Afghanistan in 1996, imposing strict Islamic governance.
The September 11 attacks in 2001 resulted in over 3,000 deaths and initiated a global war on terrorism.
The Patriot Act, enacted in 2001, granted the government expansive powers to address suspected terrorism, highlighting civil liberties controversies.
The Department of Homeland Security was established in 2001 to merge various governmental functions in protecting against terrorist threats.

Military Involvement in the Middle East

The War in Afghanistan began in 2001 following the 9/11 attacks with NATO forces leading efforts to dismantle Al-Qaeda and oust the Taliban from power.
The Iraq War spanned from 2003 to 2011, driven by assertions of weapons of mass destruction and a desire to promote democracy in the region.

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Description

Test your knowledge on key concepts from APUSH Period 9 with these flashcards. Covering topics such as the Energy Crisis, stagflation, and Carter's notable speeches, this quiz is designed to enhance your understanding of modern American history. Perfect for students preparing for the APUSH exam.