APUSH Period 5 Review: 1844-1877

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Questions and Answers

What was the belief in Manifest Destiny?

Slavery should be abolished in all states.

The U.S. should remain isolated from other nations.

The U.S. should focus on strengthening its military.

The U.S. had the right to expand from coast to coast. (correct)

What initiated the Aroostook War?

Disputed territorial boundaries between Maine lumberjacks and British Canada.

When did Texas join the United States?

1845

What agreement divided the Oregon territory between the U.S. and Britain?

1846 agreement to divide at 49° N latitude. Signup and view all the answers

The Mexican War lasted from to .

1846, 1848 Signup and view all the answers

What treaty ended the Mexican War?

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Signup and view all the answers

What did the Wilmot Proviso propose?

Outlaw slavery in territories acquired from the Mexican Cession. Signup and view all the answers

What does popular sovereignty refer to?

The right of people in territories to decide on slavery. Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Gadsden Purchase?

To obtain land for building a Transcontinental Railroad. Signup and view all the answers

What significant issue arose from the Mexican Cession?

The extension of slavery into newly acquired territories. Signup and view all the answers

What was the goal of the Free Soil Party?

To oppose slavery in newly acquired territories. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Fugitive Slave Law provide for?

The return of escaped slaves to their owners. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Harriet Tubman?

A conductor on the Underground Railroad. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was part of the Compromise of 1850?

Slave trade abolished in Washington D.C. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Kansas-Nebraska Act achieve?

Created Nebraska and Kansas as states, allowing popular sovereignty. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Republican Party's main focus when formed in 1854?

To keep slavery out of the territories. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Dred Scott Decision?

Scott could not sue because he was considered property, not a citizen. Signup and view all the answers

Who wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin?

Harriet Beecher Stowe Signup and view all the answers

What happened during the Pottawatomie Creek Massacre?

John Brown and abolitionists killed five pro-slavery settlers. Signup and view all the answers

What was the stance of the American Party (Know Nothing Party) towards immigration?

Opposed mass immigration from Europe. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Manifest Destiny

Belief in the 1840s that the U.S. was destined to expand from coast to coast.
Fueled by concepts of white racial superiority and American cultural exceptionalism.

Aroostook War

Occurred in 1839 over disputed territory between Maine lumberjacks and British Canada.
Resolved with the signing of the Webster-Ashburton Treaty.

Annexation of Texas

Texas joined the U.S. in 1845 after gaining independence from Mexico.
This act angered Mexico and contributed to the outbreak of the Mexican War.

Acquisition of Oregon

In 1846, the U.S. and Britain agreed to divide Oregon at the 49° N latitude.

Mexican War

Fought from 1846 to 1848, initiated when Mexican troops crossed into Texas.
Ended with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, granting the U.S. Texas, New Mexico, and California for $15 million.

Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo

Treaty concluding the Mexican War; formalized land acquisition by the U.S. from Mexico.

Wilmot Proviso

Proposed in 1846 to ban slavery in territories acquired from Mexico; passed in the House but defeated in the Senate.

Popular Sovereignty

Concept that residents of a territory should decide on the legality of slavery; significant in the Compromise of 1850 and the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

Gadsden Purchase

Acquired in 1853, this land purchase included southern Arizona and New Mexico to facilitate a transcontinental railroad.

Mexican Cession

Region ceded by Mexico in 1848 under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo; raised the contentious issue of slavery's expansion into new territories.

Free Soil Party

Formed in 1847-48, aimed at preventing slavery in new territories such as Oregon and the Mexican Cession.

Fugitive Slave Law

Part of the Compromise of 1850, this law mandated the return of escaped slaves, intensifying Northern opposition and resistance efforts.

Underground Railroad

Network operational from circa 1830 to 1860, helped enslaved African Americans escape to freedom, prominently associated with figures like Harriet Tubman.

Compromise of 1850

Included California's admission as a free state, popular sovereignty for Utah and New Mexico, abolition of the slave trade in D.C., and a stricter fugitive slave law.

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Enacted in 1854, it established Kansas and Nebraska with the principle of popular sovereignty; significantly increased tensions leading to the Civil War.

Republican Party

Formed in 1854 from the amalgamation of anti-slavery Whigs, Democrats, and Free Soilers; the first sectional political party focused on preventing slavery's spread.

The Caning of Charles Sumner

In 1856, Senator Sumner was attacked by Preston Brooks in the Senate after denouncing pro-slavery actions, highlighting the intense sectional conflict.

Dred Scott Decision

In 1857, the Supreme Court ruled Dred Scott could not sue for freedom, classifying him as property; this provoked outrage in the North and satisfaction in the South.

Uncle Tom's Cabin

Published in 1852 by Harriet Beecher Stowe, this influential antislavery novel stirred Northern anti-slavery sentiments and heightened Southern resentment.

Pottawatomie Creek Massacre

In 1856, John Brown and followers killed five pro-slavery settlers in response to violence in Lawrence, Kansas, contributing to the "Bleeding Kansas" conflict.

American Party (Know Nothing Party)

Active in the 1850s, it opposed immigration, particularly from Germans and Irish, reflecting nativist sentiments during this period.

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Description

Dive into the critical events and concepts of APUSH Period 5, covering the era from 1844 to 1877. This quiz features key terms like Manifest Destiny and the Aroostook War, providing a solid foundation for understanding this transformative time in American history.