APUSH Chapter 8 - American Pageant Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What was the Second Continental Congress?

  • A treaty between Britain and the colonies
  • A gathering of Loyalists
  • A military strategy meeting
  • A colonial convention that drafted the Declaration of Independence (correct)

    • What event took place at Bunker Hill in 1775?

    The British took heavy casualties, but forced the colonial militia into retreat.

    What was the Olive Branch Petition?

    A colonial plea for peace that professed American loyalty.

    Who were the Hessians?

    <p>German mercenaries hired by George III to help defeat the colonists.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'Common Sense'?

    <p>A pamphlet by Thomas Paine that urged the colonists to proclaim independence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Declaration of Independence represent?

    <p>Thomas Jefferson's formal proclamation of independence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Declaration of the Rights of Man?

    <p>The French-revolution version of the Declaration of Independence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who were the Loyalists?

    <p>Those opposed to the American Revolution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who were the Patriots?

    <p>Those who supported the American Revolution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happened at the Battle of Long Island?

    <p>The colonial militia failed to gain control of New York.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the Battle of Trenton.

    <p>Washington surprised and captured a militia of sleeping Hessians.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the Battle of Saratoga?

    <p>It helped secure French aid against the British.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Model Treaty?

    <p>A sample treaty designed to guide American diplomats.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Armed Neutrality?

    <p>A coalition of neutral naval powers during the Revolutionary War.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Treaty of Fort Stanwix accomplish?

    <p>Yielded the Ohio country to the Americans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were Privateers?

    <p>Privately owned ships approved by Congress to attack enemy ships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happened at the Battle of Yorktown?

    <p>Washington, aided by the French, defeated British General Cornwallis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the terms of the Treaty of Paris?

    <p>The British ceded the land east of the Mississippi River.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Ethan Allen?

    <p>An American general who captured British militias at Crown Point and Ticonderoga.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Benedict Arnold?

    <p>An American general who later betrayed America.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Richard Montgomery accomplish?

    <p>He captured Montreal but was killed in the failed Quebec assault.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Thomas Paine?

    <p>The author of 'Common Sense'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Richard Henry Lee assert?

    <p>That the colonies ought to be free and independent states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Lord Charles Cornwallis?

    <p>A British general who surrendered at the Battle of Yorktown.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did William Howe do during the Revolutionary War?

    <p>Suffered heavy casualties at Bunker Hill and decided not to pursue the American army.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is known about John Burgoyne?

    <p>He surrendered his entire force after the Battle of Saratoga.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Benjamin Franklin?

    <p>An American patriot/envoy who negotiated with the French.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Comte de Rochambeau do?

    <p>Besieged the British by land with Washington in the Battle of Yorktown.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Nathanael Greene known for?

    <p>Exhausting Cornwallis's troops with a strategy of delay.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Joseph Brant?

    <p>A Mohawk chief who urged Indian tribes to side with the British.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did George Rogers Clark achieve?

    <p>Seized the forts Kaskaskia, Cahokia, and Vincennes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did Admiral de Grasse play in the Revolutionary War?

    <p>He blockaded the British navy during the Battle of Yorktown.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Second Continental Congress

    • Convened from 1775 to 1781, this assembly was pivotal in drafting the Declaration of Independence.

    Bunker Hill

    • Occurred in 1775; British forces suffered significant casualties despite compelling colonial militia to retreat.

    Olive Branch Petition

    • A 1775 petition expressing colonial loyalty and a desire for peace, which was outright rejected by King George III, escalating tensions.

    Hessians

    • German mercenaries employed by King George III to combat the colonists during the Revolutionary War.

    Common Sense

    • A 1776 pamphlet by Thomas Paine advocating for complete independence and the establishment of a republic, significantly influencing public opinion.

    Declaration of Independence

    • Formulated by Thomas Jefferson and adopted on July 4, 1776, it enabled Americans to seek foreign assistance in their revolution.

    Declaration of the Rights of Man

    • Introduced in 1789, this document mirrored the American Declaration, detailing civil rights during the French Revolution.

    Loyalists

    • Known as "Tories," they were individuals who opposed the American Revolution, often remaining loyal to British rule.

    Patriots

    • Referred to as "Whigs," these were colonists who actively supported the revolution and independence from Britain.

    Battle of Long Island

    • Fought in 1776, marked a crucial loss for colonial forces, hindering their control of New York.

    Battle of Trenton

    • A surprise attack led by Washington in 1776 resulted in a significant morale boost for the Continental Army by capturing Hessian troops.

    Battle of Saratoga

    • A decisive 1777 victory that proved instrumental in securing French military support for the American cause.

    Model Treaty

    • Drafted in 1776, this document was a guideline for American diplomats emphasizing a commercial partnership with France, avoiding military entanglements.

    Armed Neutrality

    • Formed in 1780, this alliance of neutral naval powers aimed to safeguard their trading rights amidst the Revolutionary War conflict.

    Treaty of Fort Stanwix

    • Signed in 1784, this treaty resulted in the ceding of the Ohio Territory to the U.S. from pro-British Iroquois factions.

    Privateers

    • Privately-owned vessels authorized by Congress to engage in combat against enemy ships during the Revolutionary War.

    Battle of Yorktown

    • In 1781, Washington led a combined American and French force to defeat British General Cornwallis, marking a turning point in the war.

    Treaty of Paris

    • Concluded the Revolutionary War in 1783, with Britain conceding land east of the Mississippi River while the U.S. agreed to respect Loyalist property and repay debts.

    Ethan Allen

    • An American general noted for capturing British forts at Crown Point and Ticonderoga alongside Benedict Arnold.

    Benedict Arnold

    • Initially a key American general known for his successful defense of Fort Ticonderoga, he later became infamous for his betrayal by colluding with the British.

    Richard Montgomery

    • An American general who seized Montreal but was killed during the unsuccessful assault on Quebec.

    Thomas Paine

    • Author of Common Sense, passionately argued in favor of American independence and a republican form of government.

    Richard Henry Lee

    • Asserted the necessity for colonies to become free and independent, which Thomas Jefferson later articulated in the Declaration of Independence.

    Lord Charles Cornwallis

    • A British general who surrendered at the Battle of Yorktown, effectively leading to the end of significant hostilities in the war.

    William Howe

    • British commander who faced heavy losses at Bunker Hill and later decided against pursuing American forces following the Battle of Long Island.

    John Burgoyne

    • Dubbed "Gentleman Johnny," he was a British general who surrendered his forces after the defeat at Saratoga.

    Benjamin Franklin

    • An influential American envoy who successfully negotiated French support for the American revolutionary effort.

    Comte de Rochambeau

    • French general who provided key ground support to Washington's forces during the decisive Battle of Yorktown.

    Nathanael Greene

    • Known as the "Fighting Quaker," he led a strategic campaign of retreats to wear down Cornwallis's troops.

    Joseph Brant

    • A Mohawk chief advocating for British support among several Native tribes, anticipating that victory would prevent American expansion westward.

    George Rogers Clark

    • An American general credited with capturing crucial forts in the Northwest, securing territories north of the Ohio River for the United States.

    Admiral de Grasse

    • French admiral who successfully blocked British naval resources during the Battle of Yorktown, contributing to their defeat.

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    Test your knowledge on key events and terms from APUSH Chapter 8 of the American Pageant. This quiz covers significant topics such as the Second Continental Congress and Bunker Hill, providing a comprehensive review for students. Perfect for exam preparation and reinforcement of important historical concepts.

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