APUSH Chapter 8 - American Pageant Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What was the Second Continental Congress?

A treaty between Britain and the colonies

A gathering of Loyalists

A military strategy meeting

A colonial convention that drafted the Declaration of Independence (correct)

What event took place at Bunker Hill in 1775?

The British took heavy casualties, but forced the colonial militia into retreat.

What was the Olive Branch Petition?

A colonial plea for peace that professed American loyalty.

Who were the Hessians?

German mercenaries hired by George III to help defeat the colonists. Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Common Sense'?

A pamphlet by Thomas Paine that urged the colonists to proclaim independence. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Declaration of Independence represent?

Thomas Jefferson's formal proclamation of independence. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Declaration of the Rights of Man?

The French-revolution version of the Declaration of Independence. Signup and view all the answers

Who were the Loyalists?

Those opposed to the American Revolution. Signup and view all the answers

Who were the Patriots?

Those who supported the American Revolution. Signup and view all the answers

What happened at the Battle of Long Island?

The colonial militia failed to gain control of New York. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the Battle of Trenton.

Washington surprised and captured a militia of sleeping Hessians. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Battle of Saratoga?

It helped secure French aid against the British. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Model Treaty?

A sample treaty designed to guide American diplomats. Signup and view all the answers

What was Armed Neutrality?

A coalition of neutral naval powers during the Revolutionary War. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Treaty of Fort Stanwix accomplish?

Yielded the Ohio country to the Americans. Signup and view all the answers

What were Privateers?

Privately owned ships approved by Congress to attack enemy ships. Signup and view all the answers

What happened at the Battle of Yorktown?

Washington, aided by the French, defeated British General Cornwallis. Signup and view all the answers

What were the terms of the Treaty of Paris?

The British ceded the land east of the Mississippi River. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Ethan Allen?

An American general who captured British militias at Crown Point and Ticonderoga. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Benedict Arnold?

An American general who later betrayed America. Signup and view all the answers

What did Richard Montgomery accomplish?

He captured Montreal but was killed in the failed Quebec assault. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Thomas Paine?

The author of 'Common Sense'. Signup and view all the answers

What did Richard Henry Lee assert?

That the colonies ought to be free and independent states. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Lord Charles Cornwallis?

A British general who surrendered at the Battle of Yorktown. Signup and view all the answers

What did William Howe do during the Revolutionary War?

Suffered heavy casualties at Bunker Hill and decided not to pursue the American army. Signup and view all the answers

What is known about John Burgoyne?

He surrendered his entire force after the Battle of Saratoga. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Benjamin Franklin?

An American patriot/envoy who negotiated with the French. Signup and view all the answers

What did Comte de Rochambeau do?

Besieged the British by land with Washington in the Battle of Yorktown. Signup and view all the answers

What was Nathanael Greene known for?

Exhausting Cornwallis's troops with a strategy of delay. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Joseph Brant?

A Mohawk chief who urged Indian tribes to side with the British. Signup and view all the answers

What did George Rogers Clark achieve?

Seized the forts Kaskaskia, Cahokia, and Vincennes. Signup and view all the answers

What role did Admiral de Grasse play in the Revolutionary War?

He blockaded the British navy during the Battle of Yorktown. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Second Continental Congress

Convened from 1775 to 1781, this assembly was pivotal in drafting the Declaration of Independence.

Bunker Hill

Occurred in 1775; British forces suffered significant casualties despite compelling colonial militia to retreat.

Olive Branch Petition

A 1775 petition expressing colonial loyalty and a desire for peace, which was outright rejected by King George III, escalating tensions.

Hessians

German mercenaries employed by King George III to combat the colonists during the Revolutionary War.

Common Sense

A 1776 pamphlet by Thomas Paine advocating for complete independence and the establishment of a republic, significantly influencing public opinion.

Declaration of Independence

Formulated by Thomas Jefferson and adopted on July 4, 1776, it enabled Americans to seek foreign assistance in their revolution.

Declaration of the Rights of Man

Introduced in 1789, this document mirrored the American Declaration, detailing civil rights during the French Revolution.

Loyalists

Known as "Tories," they were individuals who opposed the American Revolution, often remaining loyal to British rule.

Patriots

Referred to as "Whigs," these were colonists who actively supported the revolution and independence from Britain.

Battle of Long Island

Fought in 1776, marked a crucial loss for colonial forces, hindering their control of New York.

Battle of Trenton

A surprise attack led by Washington in 1776 resulted in a significant morale boost for the Continental Army by capturing Hessian troops.

Battle of Saratoga

A decisive 1777 victory that proved instrumental in securing French military support for the American cause.

Model Treaty

Drafted in 1776, this document was a guideline for American diplomats emphasizing a commercial partnership with France, avoiding military entanglements.

Armed Neutrality

Formed in 1780, this alliance of neutral naval powers aimed to safeguard their trading rights amidst the Revolutionary War conflict.

Treaty of Fort Stanwix

Signed in 1784, this treaty resulted in the ceding of the Ohio Territory to the U.S. from pro-British Iroquois factions.

Privateers

Privately-owned vessels authorized by Congress to engage in combat against enemy ships during the Revolutionary War.

Battle of Yorktown

In 1781, Washington led a combined American and French force to defeat British General Cornwallis, marking a turning point in the war.

Treaty of Paris

Concluded the Revolutionary War in 1783, with Britain conceding land east of the Mississippi River while the U.S. agreed to respect Loyalist property and repay debts.

Ethan Allen

An American general noted for capturing British forts at Crown Point and Ticonderoga alongside Benedict Arnold.

Benedict Arnold

Initially a key American general known for his successful defense of Fort Ticonderoga, he later became infamous for his betrayal by colluding with the British.

Richard Montgomery

An American general who seized Montreal but was killed during the unsuccessful assault on Quebec.

Thomas Paine

Author of Common Sense, passionately argued in favor of American independence and a republican form of government.

Richard Henry Lee

Asserted the necessity for colonies to become free and independent, which Thomas Jefferson later articulated in the Declaration of Independence.

Lord Charles Cornwallis

A British general who surrendered at the Battle of Yorktown, effectively leading to the end of significant hostilities in the war.

William Howe

British commander who faced heavy losses at Bunker Hill and later decided against pursuing American forces following the Battle of Long Island.

John Burgoyne

Dubbed "Gentleman Johnny," he was a British general who surrendered his forces after the defeat at Saratoga.

Benjamin Franklin

An influential American envoy who successfully negotiated French support for the American revolutionary effort.

Comte de Rochambeau

French general who provided key ground support to Washington's forces during the decisive Battle of Yorktown.

Nathanael Greene

Known as the "Fighting Quaker," he led a strategic campaign of retreats to wear down Cornwallis's troops.

Joseph Brant

A Mohawk chief advocating for British support among several Native tribes, anticipating that victory would prevent American expansion westward.

George Rogers Clark

An American general credited with capturing crucial forts in the Northwest, securing territories north of the Ohio River for the United States.

Admiral de Grasse

French admiral who successfully blocked British naval resources during the Battle of Yorktown, contributing to their defeat.

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Test your knowledge on key events and terms from APUSH Chapter 8 of the American Pageant. This quiz covers significant topics such as the Second Continental Congress and Bunker Hill, providing a comprehensive review for students. Perfect for exam preparation and reinforcement of important historical concepts.