Questions and Answers
What was the Second Continental Congress?
What event took place at Bunker Hill in 1775?
The British took heavy casualties, but forced the colonial militia into retreat.
What was the Olive Branch Petition?
A colonial plea for peace that professed American loyalty.
Who were the Hessians?
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What is 'Common Sense'?
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What did the Declaration of Independence represent?
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What was the Declaration of the Rights of Man?
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Who were the Loyalists?
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Who were the Patriots?
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What happened at the Battle of Long Island?
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Describe the Battle of Trenton.
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What was the significance of the Battle of Saratoga?
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What was the Model Treaty?
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What was Armed Neutrality?
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What did the Treaty of Fort Stanwix accomplish?
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What were Privateers?
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What happened at the Battle of Yorktown?
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What were the terms of the Treaty of Paris?
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Who was Ethan Allen?
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Who was Benedict Arnold?
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What did Richard Montgomery accomplish?
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Who was Thomas Paine?
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What did Richard Henry Lee assert?
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Who was Lord Charles Cornwallis?
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What did William Howe do during the Revolutionary War?
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What is known about John Burgoyne?
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Who was Benjamin Franklin?
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What did Comte de Rochambeau do?
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What was Nathanael Greene known for?
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Who was Joseph Brant?
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What did George Rogers Clark achieve?
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What role did Admiral de Grasse play in the Revolutionary War?
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Study Notes
Second Continental Congress
- Convened from 1775 to 1781, this assembly was pivotal in drafting the Declaration of Independence.
Bunker Hill
- Occurred in 1775; British forces suffered significant casualties despite compelling colonial militia to retreat.
Olive Branch Petition
- A 1775 petition expressing colonial loyalty and a desire for peace, which was outright rejected by King George III, escalating tensions.
Hessians
- German mercenaries employed by King George III to combat the colonists during the Revolutionary War.
Common Sense
- A 1776 pamphlet by Thomas Paine advocating for complete independence and the establishment of a republic, significantly influencing public opinion.
Declaration of Independence
- Formulated by Thomas Jefferson and adopted on July 4, 1776, it enabled Americans to seek foreign assistance in their revolution.
Declaration of the Rights of Man
- Introduced in 1789, this document mirrored the American Declaration, detailing civil rights during the French Revolution.
Loyalists
- Known as "Tories," they were individuals who opposed the American Revolution, often remaining loyal to British rule.
Patriots
- Referred to as "Whigs," these were colonists who actively supported the revolution and independence from Britain.
Battle of Long Island
- Fought in 1776, marked a crucial loss for colonial forces, hindering their control of New York.
Battle of Trenton
- A surprise attack led by Washington in 1776 resulted in a significant morale boost for the Continental Army by capturing Hessian troops.
Battle of Saratoga
- A decisive 1777 victory that proved instrumental in securing French military support for the American cause.
Model Treaty
- Drafted in 1776, this document was a guideline for American diplomats emphasizing a commercial partnership with France, avoiding military entanglements.
Armed Neutrality
- Formed in 1780, this alliance of neutral naval powers aimed to safeguard their trading rights amidst the Revolutionary War conflict.
Treaty of Fort Stanwix
- Signed in 1784, this treaty resulted in the ceding of the Ohio Territory to the U.S. from pro-British Iroquois factions.
Privateers
- Privately-owned vessels authorized by Congress to engage in combat against enemy ships during the Revolutionary War.
Battle of Yorktown
- In 1781, Washington led a combined American and French force to defeat British General Cornwallis, marking a turning point in the war.
Treaty of Paris
- Concluded the Revolutionary War in 1783, with Britain conceding land east of the Mississippi River while the U.S. agreed to respect Loyalist property and repay debts.
Ethan Allen
- An American general noted for capturing British forts at Crown Point and Ticonderoga alongside Benedict Arnold.
Benedict Arnold
- Initially a key American general known for his successful defense of Fort Ticonderoga, he later became infamous for his betrayal by colluding with the British.
Richard Montgomery
- An American general who seized Montreal but was killed during the unsuccessful assault on Quebec.
Thomas Paine
- Author of Common Sense, passionately argued in favor of American independence and a republican form of government.
Richard Henry Lee
- Asserted the necessity for colonies to become free and independent, which Thomas Jefferson later articulated in the Declaration of Independence.
Lord Charles Cornwallis
- A British general who surrendered at the Battle of Yorktown, effectively leading to the end of significant hostilities in the war.
William Howe
- British commander who faced heavy losses at Bunker Hill and later decided against pursuing American forces following the Battle of Long Island.
John Burgoyne
- Dubbed "Gentleman Johnny," he was a British general who surrendered his forces after the defeat at Saratoga.
Benjamin Franklin
- An influential American envoy who successfully negotiated French support for the American revolutionary effort.
Comte de Rochambeau
- French general who provided key ground support to Washington's forces during the decisive Battle of Yorktown.
Nathanael Greene
- Known as the "Fighting Quaker," he led a strategic campaign of retreats to wear down Cornwallis's troops.
Joseph Brant
- A Mohawk chief advocating for British support among several Native tribes, anticipating that victory would prevent American expansion westward.
George Rogers Clark
- An American general credited with capturing crucial forts in the Northwest, securing territories north of the Ohio River for the United States.
Admiral de Grasse
- French admiral who successfully blocked British naval resources during the Battle of Yorktown, contributing to their defeat.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key events and terms from APUSH Chapter 8 of the American Pageant. This quiz covers significant topics such as the Second Continental Congress and Bunker Hill, providing a comprehensive review for students. Perfect for exam preparation and reinforcement of important historical concepts.
