APUSH Chapter 4 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is the Halfway Covenant?

A document that established a new form of government in Massachusetts

A document that prohibited women from joining the Puritan church

A document allowing partial membership rights to persons not yet converted into the Puritan church (correct)

A document allowing full membership in the Puritan church

What was the Encomienda System?

A privilege given by Spain to Spanish settlers in the Americas which allowed them to control the lands and people of a certain territory.

What was Jamestown known for?

The first successful settlement in the Virginia colony founded in May, 1607.

What were some technological changes in 14th century Europe?

Better ships, caravels with triangular foresails, and improved methods of navigation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the South Atlantic System?

A trade system that brought wealth to Europe and economic tragedies to Africa. Signup and view all the answers

What was Bacon's Rebellion?

An uprising in 1676 in the Virginia Colony, led by Nathaniel Bacon. Signup and view all the answers

What was Massachusetts Bay known for?

A colony settled by the Puritans that was very strict and eventually became the city of Boston. Signup and view all the answers

What was Pennsylvania established for?

A refuge for Quakers. Signup and view all the answers

What did John Rolfe contribute to Jamestown?

He discovered how to successfully grow tobacco in Virginia. Signup and view all the answers

What is Mercantilism?

An economic system to increase a nation's wealth by government regulation of commercial interests. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Powhatan?

Indian chief and founder of the Powhatan confederacy of tribes in eastern Virginia. Signup and view all the answers

What was the fur trade in North America?

A lucrative trading market that created constant warfare among tribes. Signup and view all the answers

What crop saved Jamestown?

Tobacco. Signup and view all the answers

What was the first colony established for Catholics?

Maryland. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Lord Baltimore?

He founded the colony of Maryland and offered religious freedom to all Christian colonists. Signup and view all the answers

What was King Philip's War?

A series of battles in New Hampshire between colonists and the Wampanoags. Signup and view all the answers

Who were the Scots-Irish?

A group of people who fled Scotland in the 1600s to escape poverty and religious oppression. Signup and view all the answers

What is Pietism?

A movement in the Lutheran Church stressing personal piety and devotion. Signup and view all the answers

Who were the Quakers?

English dissenters who broke from the Church of England, preaching pacifism and social equity. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Molasses Act of 1733?

British legislation that taxed all molasses, rum, and sugar imported from non-British countries. Signup and view all the answers

What was Plymouth known for?

Established by religious separatists seeking freedom from the Church of England. Signup and view all the answers

What were the Salem Witch Trials?

A series of trials in Salem, Massachusetts, where several were accused of witchcraft. Signup and view all the answers

What was life like in the Chesapeake?

Very harsh, with lots of death. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Anne Hutchinson?

An American colonist who was banished from Boston for her religious views. Signup and view all the answers

What was slavery like in the West Indies?

Characterized by slave-based plantation societies due to sugar plantations. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following beliefs about religious toleration in the colonies:

Massachusetts Bay = None Chesapeake and Virginia = Some Plymouth and Rhode Island = Lots, no legally established church Signup and view all the answers

What is Deism?

A religion of the Enlightenment believing that God created the world but does not intervene. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Roger Williams?

An English clergyman and colonist expelled from Massachusetts for criticizing Puritanism. Signup and view all the answers

What was Leisler's Rebellion?

A rebellion in 1689 in New York against the reinstatement of royal authority. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Great Awakening?

A religious revival in the American colonies during the eighteenth century. Signup and view all the answers

Who were the Baptists?

A religious group that gained support from the Second Great Awakening and stressed personal conversion. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Religious Movements and Tolerance

Halfway Covenant: Introduced in 1662, it allowed those not fully converted to the Puritan faith to participate in church life, blurring lines between "elect" members and the congregation; increased female participation.
Plymouth Colony: Founded by Separatists aboard the Mayflower in 1620 seeking religious freedom; became the basis for the Massachusetts colony.
Quakers: Dissidents from the Church of England promoting pacifism, inner divinity, and social equity; founded Pennsylvania under William Penn, a refuge for Quakers.
Religious Toleration: Varied across colonies; strict in Massachusetts Bay, some in Chesapeake, and extensive in Rhode Island and Plymouth, with no established church.

Colonization and Economic Systems

Jamestown: Established in May 1607, it was the first successful Virginia settlement; struggled initially but prospered following the introduction of tobacco by John Rolfe.
Encomienda System: A system permitting Spanish settlers to control lands and natives in America, exemplifying colonial exploitation.
Mercantilism: Economic theory of the 18th century focusing on government regulation of commerce to enrich the nation.
South Atlantic System: A transatlantic trade network involving slaves, sugar, and tobacco, generating wealth for Europe but resulting in severe human tragedies in Africa.

Conflicts and Rebellions

Bacon's Rebellion: 1676 uprising in Virginia led by Nathaniel Bacon against Governor Berkeley; first colonial rebellion involving frontiersmen reflecting discontent with authorities.
King Philip's War: 1675 conflict in New Hampshire between colonists and Wampanoags led by King Philip; resulted in significant land loss for native tribes following colonial victory.
Leisler's Rebellion: 1689 revolt in New York against British authority; Jacob Leisler became governor but was executed for treason; his assembly remained influential post-rebellion.

Technological Changes: Advances in navigation and shipbuilding in 14th century Europe stimulated exploration by nation-states.
Fur Trade in North America: Created divisions and warfare among indigenous tribes, shifting power from elders to young warriors; a lucrative market in northern colonies.
Great Awakening: An 18th-century religious revival that resulted in the emergence of new Protestant churches and encouraged individual piety and church democracy.
Pietism: A movement within the Lutheran Church emphasizing personal piety and devotional practices during the 17th and 18th centuries.

Key Figures and Entities

John Rolfe: Early Jamestown settler known for perfecting tobacco cultivation and marrying Pocahontas; pivotal in making Virginia economically viable.
Lord Baltimore: Founder of Maryland, he promoted religious freedom for Christians to protect Catholic settlers from persecution as a minority.
Anne Hutchinson: Religious dissenter expelled from Massachusetts for her beliefs, representing early challenges to Puritan orthodoxy.
Scots-Irish: Migrants from Scotland to Ireland, then to America in the 1700s; influential in the backcountry and characterized by their independent spirit and establishment of Presbyterian churches.

Molasses Act of 1733: Tax on imported molasses, rum, and sugar from non-British sources; spurred colonial anger particularly in New England due to its impact on trade.
Salem Witch Trials: Notorious colonial witch hunts in Salem, Massachusetts; resulted in the execution of 18 individuals, later deemed a grave mistake.
Slavery in the West Indies: Predominantly based on sugar plantations leading to the establishment of a slave-dependent economy.

This concise summary captures key aspects of religious movements, economic systems, significant conflicts, and important figures from the early American colonial period.

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Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering key terms from APUSH Chapter 4. Learn about important historical concepts such as the Halfway Covenant and the Encomienda System. Perfect for students preparing for their exams!