Questions and Answers
What is the Brain Trust?
FDR's 'kitchen cabinet'
What was the significance of the Hundred Days?
What are the 3 R's?
Relief, Reform, Recovery
What did the Emergency Banking Relief Act of 1933 do?
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What were fireside chats?
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What did the Glass-Steagall Act establish?
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What was the purpose of the Civilian Conservation Corps?
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What was the outcome of Schechter v US?
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What did the 21st Amendment accomplish?
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The Dust Bowl was caused solely by natural disasters.
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What did the Social Security Act provide?
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What was the aim of the National Labor Relations (Wagner Act)?
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Who formed the Committee for Industrial Organization?
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What caused the Roosevelt Recession?
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What was the impact of the New Deal?
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Study Notes
New Deal Concepts and Policies
- Brain Trust: A group of close advisors and intellectuals that helped FDR formulate his policies, often called his "kitchen cabinet."
- Political Realignments: A significant shift occurred with Blacks moving their political allegiance to the Democratic Party during the New Deal era.
- Hundred Days: The first 100 days of FDR's presidency, characterized by a flurry of legislative activity aimed at addressing the Great Depression.
- 3 R's: The New Deal aimed at Relief (providing aid), Reform (enacting new laws like those addressing child labor), and Recovery (restoring the economy).
- Emergency Banking Relief Act of 1933: Allowed the president to regulate banking transactions to stabilize the financial system.
Communication and Financial Acts
- Fireside Chats: FDR's radio broadcasts that reassured the public about the safety of their banks and his administration's actions.
- Glass-Steagall Act: Established the FDIC, which ensured the safety of individual banking deposits, restoring public confidence in the banking system.
- Civilian Conservation Corps: Created government camps for young men to work on environmental projects such as reforestation and firefighting.
- Federal Emergency Relief Act: Allocated $3 billion to states for work projects and direct relief programs to aid the unemployed.
Agricultural Policies
- Agricultural Adjustment Act: Aimed to help farmers by eliminating crop surpluses, though it inadvertently led to job losses and was declared unconstitutional in 1936.
- Second AAA of 1938: Introduced parity payments for farmers who agreed to limit their production of cotton and wheat to stabilize prices.
Employment and Social Programs
- Civil Works Administration: Provided temporary jobs during the harsh winter months, helping to alleviate immediate unemployment.
- Works Progress Administration: Invested $11 billion to create millions of jobs by constructing buildings, bridges, and roads.
- Social Security Act: Established a federal-state unemployment insurance system and provided monetary assistance to senior citizens and the disabled through payroll taxes.
Major Court Cases and Legislation
- Schechter v. US: The Supreme Court ruled some New Deal policies unconstitutional, asserting that legislative powers could not be delegated to the president.
- National Labor Relations (Wagner Act): Significantly strengthened the labor movement by guaranteeing the right to collective bargaining and organizing.
- Fair Labor Standards Act: Established a 40-hour workweek and mandated a minimum wage for workers.
Culture and Social Issues
- Dust Bowl: Severe environmental disaster affecting lands from eastern Colorado to western Missouri, exacerbated by drought, wind, and poor agricultural practices.
- Mary McLeod Bethune: A prominent African American leader who directed the Office of Minority Affairs, advocating for the rights of minority groups.
Key Figures and Events
- Huey Long: A controversial senator who promoted his "Share Our Wealth" program, advocating for wealth redistribution.
- John Lewis: Played a crucial role in forming the Committee for Industrial Organization and pioneered the sit-in strike tactic.
Economic Strategy and Reforms
- Tennessee Valley Authority: Provided hydroelectric power and aimed to reduce monopolistic practices while creating jobs, representing a significant innovation in New Deal programs.
- Roosevelt Recession: The economy faced challenges in 1937 due to social security taxes, leading FDR to increase deficit spending even further to stimulate growth.
- Keynesian Economics: Advocated for purposeful deficit spending to boost economic recovery, emphasizing government intervention in the economy.
Amendments and Political Impact
- 21st Amendment: Repealed Prohibition, facilitating regulated alcohol sales which served as a new source of tax revenue.
- Court-Packing Plan: FDR's controversial proposal to expand the Supreme Court by adding justices for those over 70 in response to unfavorable rulings on New Deal policies.
- 20th Amendment: Changed the inauguration date from March 4 to January 20, streamlining the transition of power.
Legacy of the New Deal
- Impact of New Deal: Federal government emerged as the largest employer, while criticisms arose regarding its inability to fully resolve the Great Depression and persistent agricultural surpluses.
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Description
Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering key concepts from APUSH Chapter 33. Learn about the Brain Trust, political realignments, the Hundred Days of FDR's presidency, and the 3 R's of relief, reform, and recovery. Perfect for quick review before exams!
