Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the Brain Trust?
What is the Brain Trust?
FDR's 'kitchen cabinet'
What was the significance of the Hundred Days?
What was the significance of the Hundred Days?
What are the 3 R's?
What are the 3 R's?
Relief, Reform, Recovery
What did the Emergency Banking Relief Act of 1933 do?
What did the Emergency Banking Relief Act of 1933 do?
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What were fireside chats?
What were fireside chats?
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What did the Glass-Steagall Act establish?
What did the Glass-Steagall Act establish?
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What was the purpose of the Civilian Conservation Corps?
What was the purpose of the Civilian Conservation Corps?
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What was the outcome of Schechter v US?
What was the outcome of Schechter v US?
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What did the 21st Amendment accomplish?
What did the 21st Amendment accomplish?
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The Dust Bowl was caused solely by natural disasters.
The Dust Bowl was caused solely by natural disasters.
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What did the Social Security Act provide?
What did the Social Security Act provide?
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What was the aim of the National Labor Relations (Wagner Act)?
What was the aim of the National Labor Relations (Wagner Act)?
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Who formed the Committee for Industrial Organization?
Who formed the Committee for Industrial Organization?
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What caused the Roosevelt Recession?
What caused the Roosevelt Recession?
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What was the impact of the New Deal?
What was the impact of the New Deal?
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Study Notes
New Deal Concepts and Policies
- Brain Trust: A group of close advisors and intellectuals that helped FDR formulate his policies, often called his "kitchen cabinet."
- Political Realignments: A significant shift occurred with Blacks moving their political allegiance to the Democratic Party during the New Deal era.
- Hundred Days: The first 100 days of FDR's presidency, characterized by a flurry of legislative activity aimed at addressing the Great Depression.
- 3 R's: The New Deal aimed at Relief (providing aid), Reform (enacting new laws like those addressing child labor), and Recovery (restoring the economy).
- Emergency Banking Relief Act of 1933: Allowed the president to regulate banking transactions to stabilize the financial system.
Communication and Financial Acts
- Fireside Chats: FDR's radio broadcasts that reassured the public about the safety of their banks and his administration's actions.
- Glass-Steagall Act: Established the FDIC, which ensured the safety of individual banking deposits, restoring public confidence in the banking system.
- Civilian Conservation Corps: Created government camps for young men to work on environmental projects such as reforestation and firefighting.
- Federal Emergency Relief Act: Allocated $3 billion to states for work projects and direct relief programs to aid the unemployed.
Agricultural Policies
- Agricultural Adjustment Act: Aimed to help farmers by eliminating crop surpluses, though it inadvertently led to job losses and was declared unconstitutional in 1936.
- Second AAA of 1938: Introduced parity payments for farmers who agreed to limit their production of cotton and wheat to stabilize prices.
Employment and Social Programs
- Civil Works Administration: Provided temporary jobs during the harsh winter months, helping to alleviate immediate unemployment.
- Works Progress Administration: Invested $11 billion to create millions of jobs by constructing buildings, bridges, and roads.
- Social Security Act: Established a federal-state unemployment insurance system and provided monetary assistance to senior citizens and the disabled through payroll taxes.
Major Court Cases and Legislation
- Schechter v. US: The Supreme Court ruled some New Deal policies unconstitutional, asserting that legislative powers could not be delegated to the president.
- National Labor Relations (Wagner Act): Significantly strengthened the labor movement by guaranteeing the right to collective bargaining and organizing.
- Fair Labor Standards Act: Established a 40-hour workweek and mandated a minimum wage for workers.
Culture and Social Issues
- Dust Bowl: Severe environmental disaster affecting lands from eastern Colorado to western Missouri, exacerbated by drought, wind, and poor agricultural practices.
- Mary McLeod Bethune: A prominent African American leader who directed the Office of Minority Affairs, advocating for the rights of minority groups.
Key Figures and Events
- Huey Long: A controversial senator who promoted his "Share Our Wealth" program, advocating for wealth redistribution.
- John Lewis: Played a crucial role in forming the Committee for Industrial Organization and pioneered the sit-in strike tactic.
Economic Strategy and Reforms
- Tennessee Valley Authority: Provided hydroelectric power and aimed to reduce monopolistic practices while creating jobs, representing a significant innovation in New Deal programs.
- Roosevelt Recession: The economy faced challenges in 1937 due to social security taxes, leading FDR to increase deficit spending even further to stimulate growth.
- Keynesian Economics: Advocated for purposeful deficit spending to boost economic recovery, emphasizing government intervention in the economy.
Amendments and Political Impact
- 21st Amendment: Repealed Prohibition, facilitating regulated alcohol sales which served as a new source of tax revenue.
- Court-Packing Plan: FDR's controversial proposal to expand the Supreme Court by adding justices for those over 70 in response to unfavorable rulings on New Deal policies.
- 20th Amendment: Changed the inauguration date from March 4 to January 20, streamlining the transition of power.
Legacy of the New Deal
- Impact of New Deal: Federal government emerged as the largest employer, while criticisms arose regarding its inability to fully resolve the Great Depression and persistent agricultural surpluses.
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Description
Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering key concepts from APUSH Chapter 33. Learn about the Brain Trust, political realignments, the Hundred Days of FDR's presidency, and the 3 R's of relief, reform, and recovery. Perfect for quick review before exams!
