Podcast
Questions and Answers
What attracted the original settlers to the northern colonies?
What attracted the original settlers to the northern colonies?
Religious devotion
Who was Martin Luther?
Who was Martin Luther?
German friar who protested against Catholic doctrines.
Who is John Calvin?
Who is John Calvin?
Creator of Calvinism and author of 'Institutes of the Christian Religion'.
What is predestination?
What is predestination?
What does conversion refer to in a religious context?
What does conversion refer to in a religious context?
Who was King Henry VII?
Who was King Henry VII?
What were the Puritans stimulated by?
What were the Puritans stimulated by?
Who were the Separatists?
Who were the Separatists?
What is Dutchification?
What is Dutchification?
What was the Mayflower?
What was the Mayflower?
Who was Captain Myles Standish?
Who was Captain Myles Standish?
Where did the Pilgrims choose to settle?
Where did the Pilgrims choose to settle?
What was the Mayflower Compact?
What was the Mayflower Compact?
How many survivors of the 102 Pilgrims were left after their first winter?
How many survivors of the 102 Pilgrims were left after their first winter?
What event did the Pilgrims celebrate in 1621?
What event did the Pilgrims celebrate in 1621?
What stimulated the early Pilgrims' economy?
What stimulated the early Pilgrims' economy?
What were two mainstays of the Pilgrims?
What were two mainstays of the Pilgrims?
Who was William Bradford?
Who was William Bradford?
Who did the Pilgrims merge with in 1691?
Who did the Pilgrims merge with in 1691?
What was the Massachusetts Bay Company?
What was the Massachusetts Bay Company?
What is Barbados known for?
What is Barbados known for?
What happened during the Great Migration?
What happened during the Great Migration?
Who was John Winthrop?
Who was John Winthrop?
What were the three main industries of the Massachusetts Bay Colony?
What were the three main industries of the Massachusetts Bay Colony?
What is the Congregational Church?
What is the Congregational Church?
What is the Bible Commonwealth?
What is the Bible Commonwealth?
Who was John Cotton?
Who was John Cotton?
What does the Protestant Ethic involve?
What does the Protestant Ethic involve?
Who were the Quakers?
Who were the Quakers?
Who was Anne Hutchinson?
Who was Anne Hutchinson?
Who was Roger Williams?
Who was Roger Williams?
Which river valley attracted settlers?
Which river valley attracted settlers?
Who led a group of Boston Puritans into Hartford?
Who led a group of Boston Puritans into Hartford?
What were the Fundamental Orders?
What were the Fundamental Orders?
What was New Haven?
What was New Haven?
Who was Sir Ferdinando Gorges?
Who was Sir Ferdinando Gorges?
Who was Squanto?
Who was Squanto?
What occurred during King Philip's War?
What occurred during King Philip's War?
What was the New England Confederation?
What was the New England Confederation?
What was the Dominion of New England?
What was the Dominion of New England?
What were the Navigation Laws?
What were the Navigation Laws?
What is the Glorious Revolution?
What is the Glorious Revolution?
What does salutary neglect refer to?
What does salutary neglect refer to?
What is the significance of the Netherlands in colonial history?
What is the significance of the Netherlands in colonial history?
Who was Henry Hudson?
Who was Henry Hudson?
What was New Netherland?
What was New Netherland?
What is New Amsterdam known for?
What is New Amsterdam known for?
What is a patroonship?
What is a patroonship?
What was the Thirty Years War?
What was the Thirty Years War?
Who was Peter Stuyvesant?
Who was Peter Stuyvesant?
Who was granted New York?
Who was granted New York?
What was the Religious Society of Friends?
What was the Religious Society of Friends?
What were the blue laws?
What were the blue laws?
Who was Delaware named after?
Who was Delaware named after?
What are the bread colonies?
What are the bread colonies?
What are the two economies in the middle colonies?
What are the two economies in the middle colonies?
Study Notes
Settler Motivations and Key Figures
- Religious devotion drew original settlers to the northern colonies, seeking a place for worship free from persecution.
- Martin Luther began the Protestant Reformation in 1517, emphasizing the Bible as the sole source of God's word.
- John Calvin, a significant figure in the Reformation, developed Calvinism which introduced the concept of predestination and influenced New England Puritans.
Puritanism and Separatism
- Puritans emerged from England's religious conflicts, relying heavily on Calvinist doctrines amidst social unrest.
- Separatists were a radical group of Puritans, seeking to break from the Church of England, facing persecution under King James I, leading to their migration to Holland and then to New England.
Early Colonial Settlement
- The Mayflower was the vessel carrying Separatists to New England, after obtaining a charter from the Virginia Company.
- Plymouth Bay became the Pilgrims' settlement location, where they established a rudimentary government through the Mayflower Compact, emphasizing majority rule.
Survival and Economy
- Following a harsh winter, only 44 of the original 102 Pilgrims survived.
- Early economies were based on fur, fish, and lumber, alongside celebrated traditions like Thanksgiving in 1621 for a successful harvest.
Massachusetts Bay Colony
- The Massachusetts Bay Colony, formed by non-Separatist Puritans, began on a much larger scale, led by figures like John Winthrop who emphasized a strong religious foundation and governance.
- The colony's economy thrived on fur trading, fishing, and shipbuilding, entrusting communal religious leadership for membership.
Religious Tensions and Governance
- The Congregational Church was influential, consisting of "freemen" or adult Puritans within the colony.
- Anne Hutchinson challenged Puritan norms, advocating for personal religious interpretation, which ultimately led to her banishment.
- Roger Williams, a proponent of religious freedom, established Providence, Rhode Island, escaping persecution for his views.
Interactions with Native Americans
- Squanto, a Wampanoag Indian, played a pivotal role in facilitating relations between the Pilgrims and Native Americans, notably during Thanksgiving.
- King Philip's War erupted due to escalating tensions between Native tribes and European settlers, led by Metacom, impacting territorial control.
Colonial Defense and Political Change
- The New England Confederation was formed for mutual defense among Puritan colonies against external threats.
- The Dominion of New England aimed to consolidate control over colonies, leading to increased tensions and eventual collapse post-Glorious Revolution.
Smuggling and Navigation Laws
- Navigation Laws attempted to control colonial trade, leading to widespread smuggling as colonies sought economic autonomy during periods of salutary neglect.
Dutch Colonization Efforts
- The Netherlands rose as a commercial power following independence, establishing New Netherland for fur trade; New Amsterdam became a key city.
- Peter Stuyvesant led military actions to establish control over Dutch territories, including absorbing New Sweden.
Quaker Influence
- Quakers, known for their pacifism and refusal to support the Church of England, faced persecution in England but later settled in colonies such as Pennsylvania.
- William Penn founded Pennsylvania as a haven for Quakers, promoting liberal governance and attracting diverse settlers.
Middle Colonies' Characteristics
- Known as "bread colonies," Pennsylvania, New York, and New Jersey were significant grain producers.
- Economies in the middle colonies thrived on lumbering and shipbuilding, contributing to their development and the colonial economy.
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Description
Explore the key concepts and figures from Chapter 3 of AP U.S. History with these flashcards. This chapter focuses on the religious influences that shaped the northern colonies and the transformative figures in Protestant Reformation. Perfect for studying key vocabulary and their definitions.
