APUSH Chapter 3 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What attracted the original settlers to the northern colonies?

Religious devotion

Who was Martin Luther?

German friar who protested against Catholic doctrines.

Who is John Calvin?

Creator of Calvinism and author of 'Institutes of the Christian Religion'.

What is predestination?

Calvinist doctrine that God has foreordained some people to be saved. Signup and view all the answers

What does conversion refer to in a religious context?

Receipt of God's free gift of saving grace. Signup and view all the answers

Who was King Henry VII?

He broke ties with the Roman Catholic Church. Signup and view all the answers

What were the Puritans stimulated by?

King Henry's breaking with the Roman Catholic Church. Signup and view all the answers

Who were the Separatists?

A group of devout Puritans discontented with sharing pews with the damned. Signup and view all the answers

What is Dutchification?

The cultural assimilation distressing the children of the Separatists in Holland. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Mayflower?

The ship that the Separatists sailed to New England on. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Captain Myles Standish?

A Separatist who sailed on the Mayflower. Signup and view all the answers

Where did the Pilgrims choose to settle?

Plymouth Bay. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Mayflower Compact?

A written agreement to form a crude government. Signup and view all the answers

How many survivors of the 102 Pilgrims were left after their first winter?

44 Signup and view all the answers

What event did the Pilgrims celebrate in 1621?

Thanksgiving. Signup and view all the answers

What stimulated the early Pilgrims' economy?

Fur, fish, lumber. Signup and view all the answers

What were two mainstays of the Pilgrims?

Beaver Signup and view all the answers

Who was William Bradford?

Self-taught scholar and leader of the Pilgrims. Signup and view all the answers

Who did the Pilgrims merge with in 1691?

Massachusetts Bay Colony. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Massachusetts Bay Company?

It was formed by non-Separatist Puritans fearing for their faith. Signup and view all the answers

What is Barbados known for?

A sugar-rich island in the West Indies. Signup and view all the answers

What happened during the Great Migration?

About 70,000 refugees left England. Signup and view all the answers

Who was John Winthrop?

First governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Signup and view all the answers

What were the three main industries of the Massachusetts Bay Colony?

Fur trading, fishing, and shipbuilding. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Congregational Church?

Composed of all 'freemen' or adult males in Puritan congregations. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Bible Commonwealth?

When religious leaders influenced church membership admission. Signup and view all the answers

Who was John Cotton?

A clergyman who emigrated to Massachusetts to avoid persecution. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Protestant Ethic involve?

Serious commitment to work and worldly pursuits. Signup and view all the answers

Who were the Quakers?

An early group persecuted by the Puritans. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Anne Hutchinson?

A woman who challenged Puritan orthodoxy. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Roger Williams?

An extreme Separatist who denied civil authority over religious behavior. Signup and view all the answers

Which river valley attracted settlers?

Connecticut River. Signup and view all the answers

Who led a group of Boston Puritans into Hartford?

Reverend Thomas Hooker. Signup and view all the answers

What were the Fundamental Orders?

A modern constitution created by the Connecticut River colony. Signup and view all the answers

What was New Haven?

Founded in Connecticut by Puritans seeking a closer church government alliance. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Sir Ferdinando Gorges?

Attempted to colonize Maine and surrounding areas. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Squanto?

Wampanoag Indian who facilitated cultural accommodation with the Pilgrims. Signup and view all the answers

What occurred during King Philip's War?

A conflict initiated by Metacom who attacked the Europeans after the Pequot War. Signup and view all the answers

What was the New England Confederation?

Comprised of several colonies for defense against various threats. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Dominion of New England?

Imposed from London to enforce Navigation Laws. Signup and view all the answers

What were the Navigation Laws?

Policies to enforce trade between England and its colonies. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Glorious Revolution?

The overthrow of Catholic James II in England. Signup and view all the answers

What does salutary neglect refer to?

Unofficial policy of relaxed royal control over colonial trade. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Netherlands in colonial history?

They emerged as a major commercial and naval power. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Henry Hudson?

An English explorer hired by the Dutch East India Company. Signup and view all the answers

What was New Netherland?

Established by the Dutch West India Company for fur trade. Signup and view all the answers

What is New Amsterdam known for?

Later became New York City. Signup and view all the answers

What is a patroonship?

Vast tracts of land in New Netherlands. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Thirty Years War?

Led by Protestant King Gustavus Adolphus. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Peter Stuyvesant?

'Father Wooden Leg,' led the Dutch to absorb New Sweden. Signup and view all the answers

Who was granted New York?

Charles II granted it to his brother, the Duke of York. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Religious Society of Friends?

The official name for the Quakers. Signup and view all the answers

What were the blue laws?

Also known as sumptuary laws restricting personal behavior. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Delaware named after?

Named after Lord De La Warr. Signup and view all the answers

What are the bread colonies?

Term for Pennsylvania, New York, and New Jersey based on their grain exports. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two economies in the middle colonies?

Lumbering and shipbuilding. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Settler Motivations and Key Figures

Religious devotion drew original settlers to the northern colonies, seeking a place for worship free from persecution.
Martin Luther began the Protestant Reformation in 1517, emphasizing the Bible as the sole source of God's word.
John Calvin, a significant figure in the Reformation, developed Calvinism which introduced the concept of predestination and influenced New England Puritans.

Puritanism and Separatism

Puritans emerged from England's religious conflicts, relying heavily on Calvinist doctrines amidst social unrest.
Separatists were a radical group of Puritans, seeking to break from the Church of England, facing persecution under King James I, leading to their migration to Holland and then to New England.

Early Colonial Settlement

The Mayflower was the vessel carrying Separatists to New England, after obtaining a charter from the Virginia Company.
Plymouth Bay became the Pilgrims' settlement location, where they established a rudimentary government through the Mayflower Compact, emphasizing majority rule.

Survival and Economy

Following a harsh winter, only 44 of the original 102 Pilgrims survived.
Early economies were based on fur, fish, and lumber, alongside celebrated traditions like Thanksgiving in 1621 for a successful harvest.

Massachusetts Bay Colony

The Massachusetts Bay Colony, formed by non-Separatist Puritans, began on a much larger scale, led by figures like John Winthrop who emphasized a strong religious foundation and governance.
The colony's economy thrived on fur trading, fishing, and shipbuilding, entrusting communal religious leadership for membership.

Religious Tensions and Governance

The Congregational Church was influential, consisting of "freemen" or adult Puritans within the colony.
Anne Hutchinson challenged Puritan norms, advocating for personal religious interpretation, which ultimately led to her banishment.
Roger Williams, a proponent of religious freedom, established Providence, Rhode Island, escaping persecution for his views.

Interactions with Native Americans

Squanto, a Wampanoag Indian, played a pivotal role in facilitating relations between the Pilgrims and Native Americans, notably during Thanksgiving.
King Philip's War erupted due to escalating tensions between Native tribes and European settlers, led by Metacom, impacting territorial control.

Colonial Defense and Political Change

The New England Confederation was formed for mutual defense among Puritan colonies against external threats.
The Dominion of New England aimed to consolidate control over colonies, leading to increased tensions and eventual collapse post-Glorious Revolution.

Navigation Laws attempted to control colonial trade, leading to widespread smuggling as colonies sought economic autonomy during periods of salutary neglect.

Dutch Colonization Efforts

The Netherlands rose as a commercial power following independence, establishing New Netherland for fur trade; New Amsterdam became a key city.
Peter Stuyvesant led military actions to establish control over Dutch territories, including absorbing New Sweden.

Quaker Influence

Quakers, known for their pacifism and refusal to support the Church of England, faced persecution in England but later settled in colonies such as Pennsylvania.
William Penn founded Pennsylvania as a haven for Quakers, promoting liberal governance and attracting diverse settlers.

Middle Colonies' Characteristics

Known as "bread colonies," Pennsylvania, New York, and New Jersey were significant grain producers.
Economies in the middle colonies thrived on lumbering and shipbuilding, contributing to their development and the colonial economy.

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Description

Explore the key concepts and figures from Chapter 3 of AP U.S. History with these flashcards. This chapter focuses on the religious influences that shaped the northern colonies and the transformative figures in Protestant Reformation. Perfect for studying key vocabulary and their definitions.