Questions and Answers
What did the Pendleton Act of 1883 create?
What is the role of the Civil Service Commission?
To oversee the administration of exams for federal jobs.
Who were the Republican nominees for the Election of 1880?
James Garfield and Chester A. Arthur.
Who won the Election of 1884?
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What was the outcome of the Election of 1888?
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Who proposed the theory of Social Darwinism?
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The 14th Amendment was interpreted to include only individuals.
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What were Blue Laws?
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What was the significance of the term 'Rum, Romanism, and Rebellion'?
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What did Acres of Diamonds advocate for?
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Who were the Half Breeds?
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What did Stalwarts support?
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Who was Benjamin Harrison?
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What is notable about Grover Cleveland?
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What were Mugwumps known for during the 1884 Election?
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Who led the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)?
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Study Notes
Pendleton Act of 1883
- Established a merit-based system for selecting federal employees through competitive exams.
- Aimed to eliminate patronage and appoint based on ability rather than social class.
- Created the Civil Service Commission to oversee the exam administration.
Civil Service Commission
- Government agency responsible for administering exams for federal job positions.
- Formed under the Pendleton Act to ensure fair hiring processes.
Election of 1880
- Republican candidates: James Garfield and Chester A. Arthur; Democratic candidate: Winfield Scott.
- James Garfield won but served only 200 days before being assassinated by Charles Guiteau in 1881.
Election of 1884
- Featured Grover Cleveland (Democrat) against James G. Blaine (Republican).
- Cleveland won, but faced allegations of fathering an illegitimate child, leading to political mockery.
Election of 1888
- Grover Cleveland (incumbent) vs. Benjamin Harrison (Republican nominee).
- Cleveland won the popular vote but lost the presidency due to Harrison's Electoral College majority.
Social Darwinism
- Concept developed by philosopher Herbert Spencer that applied Darwin's theories of evolution to societal progress.
- Emphasized competition and "survival of the fittest" in social and economic contexts.
Significance of the 14th Amendment
- Interpreted to apply to both individuals and corporations.
- Limited state powers to regulate private business, impacting economic policies.
Blue Laws
- Regulations that prohibited perceived immoral behaviors, such as drinking alcohol on Sundays.
- Reflected cultural and political values of the era.
"Rum, Romanism, and Rebellion"
- Insult directed at Irish immigrants during the 1884 presidential campaign.
- Contributed to James Blaine's loss of New York's electoral votes, aiding Cleveland's victory.
Acres of Diamonds
- Lecture by Russell Conwell promoting the philosophy of Social Darwinism.
- Advocated for fixed economic classes and a laissez-faire approach to the economy.
Halfbreeds
- Faction of Republicans led by James G. Blaine, accused of reform motives for personal gain.
- Supported civil service reform but often viewed as self-serving.
Stalwarts
- Conservative Republican faction that supported the spoils system.
- Opposed civil service reforms and favored traditional political patronage.
Benjamin Harrison
- 23rd President of the United States known for implementing the McKinley Tariff.
- Increased federal spending during his presidency.
Grover Cleveland
- The only U.S. president to serve two nonconsecutive terms (22nd and 24th).
- Advocated for civil service reform and established the Interstate Commerce Commission.
Mugwumps
- Republicans who switched allegiance to support Democratic candidate Grover Cleveland in 1884.
- Advocated for political reforms such as secret ballots and literacy tests.
Frances Willard
- Prominent suffragist and leader of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU).
- Believed women's perspectives could positively influence politics.
Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)
- Organization aimed at mobilizing women as a political force against alcohol consumption.
- Although it struggled in political arenas, it served as a precursor to later women's rights movements.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key terms from Chapter 19 of APUSH. This quiz covers significant legislation such as the Pendleton Act and the establishment of the Civil Service Commission. Perfect for students preparing for the AP U.S. History exam.
