APUSH Chapter 12 Review

Questions and Answers

What was the War of 1812?

A war that the Northeast supported

A war that the West and South wanted (correct)

A conflict between the United States and Spain

A conflict focused on American relations with Canada

Who won a battle at Lake Erie and forced the British out of Detroit?

Oliver Hazard Perry

Who defeated the British at the Battle of the Thames?

William Henry Harrison

What significant event occurred during the Battle of the Thames?

Tecumseh was killed Signup and view all the answers

Who prevented the British from invading New York?

Captain Thomas MacDonough Signup and view all the answers

What happened at Bladensburg during the War of 1812?

British troops overran Americans and burnt down the Capitol Signup and view all the answers

Where were the British stopped on their way to Baltimore?

Fort McHenry Signup and view all the answers

At which battle did Andrew Jackson defeat the Indians in Alabama?

Battle of Horseshoe Bend Signup and view all the answers

What was significant about the Battle of New Orleans?

It was the largest battle of the war, won by Jackson in January 1815 Signup and view all the answers

What was the Treaty of Ghent?

An armistice that ended the War of 1812 Signup and view all the answers

What was the goal of the Hartford Convention?

To decide what to do about the war Signup and view all the answers

What did the Rush-Bagot agreement achieve?

Limited both sides' naval power on the Great Lakes Signup and view all the answers

Who wrote 'The Knickerbocker Tale'?

Washington Irving Signup and view all the answers

What did James Fenimore Cooper write?

The Leatherstocking Tales Signup and view all the answers

What was The American System?

An economic plan for the country promoting banking, tariffs, and transportation Signup and view all the answers

What caused the Panic of 1819?

Over-speculation in land Signup and view all the answers

What was the Cumberland Road?

An example of a better road going to Illinois Signup and view all the answers

What invention made two-way river travel possible?

Steamboat Signup and view all the answers

What did the Land Act of 1820 allow buyers to do?

Purchase 80 acres at $1.25 per acre Signup and view all the answers

What were Wildcat banks known for?

Giving easy credit and printing their own money Signup and view all the answers

The Tallmadge Amendment aimed to limit slavery in ______.

Missouri Signup and view all the answers

What did the Missouri Compromise establish?

Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of McCulloch vs. Maryland?

The Constitution could be interpreted broadly Signup and view all the answers

What did the Gibbons vs. Ogden case establish?

Only Congress can regulate interstate trade Signup and view all the answers

What significant principle was established in Fletcher vs. Peck?

A contract is a contract and cannot be broken by state law Signup and view all the answers

What was ruled in Dartmouth College vs. Woodward?

The charter was a contract and states could not infringe on it Signup and view all the answers

What did the Treaty of 1818 establish?

A border line at 49° from Lake of the Woods to the Rocky Mountains Signup and view all the answers

What was the Florida Purchase Treaty?

America paid $5 million for Florida and made territorial agreements with Spain Signup and view all the answers

What did George Canning propose?

That the U.S. and England make a statement against Latin American land grabs Signup and view all the answers

What was the Monroe Doctrine?

A statement of non-colonization and non-intervention in the Americas Signup and view all the answers

What did the Russo-American Treaty of 1824 accomplish?

Set the southern boundary of Russian land at 54° 40' Signup and view all the answers

What does hodgepodge refer to?

A mixed mass of diverse elements or groups Signup and view all the answers

What is mediation?

A friendly intervention to settle differences between groups or nations Signup and view all the answers

What is an armistice?

A temporary stopping of warfare by mutual agreement Signup and view all the answers

What does nationalism refer to?

A strong devotion to the nation as the central political entity Signup and view all the answers

What is reactionary politics?

Extreme conservatism aiming to restore earlier conditions Signup and view all the answers

What does protection in economics refer to?

Stimulating domestic producers by placing barriers against imports Signup and view all the answers

What are raw materials?

Products in their natural, unmanufactured state Signup and view all the answers

What are internal improvements?

Public works like roads and canals that support economic development Signup and view all the answers

What does intrastate mean?

Existing wholly within a state Signup and view all the answers

What is an economic depression?

A severe, prolonged period of declining economic activity Signup and view all the answers

What is a boom in economics?

A period of sudden, spectacular expansion of business activity Signup and view all the answers

What does the term peculiar institution refer to?

The institution of American black slavery Signup and view all the answers

What does demagogic mean?

Concerning a leader who stirs up the common people for selfish ends Signup and view all the answers

What is a contract in law?

An agreement between parties to perform certain acts Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

War of 1812

Conflict primarily driven by the interests of the West and South; the Northeast opposed it.
Aimed to defend American trade against British interference.

Key Figures

Oliver Hazard Perry: Achieved victory at Lake Erie, crucial in pushing the British out of Detroit.
William Henry Harrison: Led American forces to victory at the Battle of the Thames, resulting in Tecumseh's death.
Captain Thomas MacDonough: Stopped British efforts to invade New York.

Notable Battles

Battle of the Thames: Harrison's significant win against British troops; marked end of Tecumseh's influence.
Bladensburg: Site where British forces overwhelmed American troops before burning the Capitol in Washington, D.C.
Fort McHenry: Fortification successfully defended against British assault, inspiring the national anthem.

Key Events

Battle of Horseshoe Bend: Andrew Jackson defeated Native American forces in Alabama, solidifying U.S. territorial claims.
Battle of New Orleans: Major victory led by Jackson in January 1815, occurring after the Treaty of Ghent was signed but before news reached the U.S.

Treaties and Political Movements

Treaty of Ghent: Ended the War of 1812, establishing an armistice.
Hartford Convention: Meeting of New England states to discuss grievances regarding the war, reflecting regional tensions.

Economic Agreements

Rush-Bagot Agreement: Limited naval power on the Great Lakes, indicating improved U.S.-UK relations.
The American System: Economic plan by Henry Clay focusing on a strong banking system, protective tariffs, and infrastructure development.

Economic Turmoil

Panic of 1819: Economic downturn triggered by over-speculation in land; affected the West severely.
Wildcat Banks: Financial institutions that provided easy credit and printed their own currency, contributing to economic instability.

Legislative Compromises

Tallmadge Amendment: Suggested gradual emancipation and limitations on slavery in Missouri.
Missouri Compromise: Allowed Missouri as a slave state while Maine entered as free; established a boundary for future states regarding slavery.

Landmark Supreme Court Cases

McCullough vs. Maryland: Affirmed the constitutionality of the Second Bank of the U.S. using the Elastic Clause.
Cohens vs. Virginia: Established the Supreme Court's authority to review state court decisions.
Gibbons vs. Ogden: Confirmed that only Congress can regulate interstate commerce.
Fletcher vs. Peck: Affirmed the sanctity of contracts, ruling that state laws could not retroactively invalidate legal agreements.
Dartmouth College vs. Woodward: Reinforced that contracts are protected from state interference.

Treaties and Borders

Treaty of 1818: Established U.S.-Canada border at the 49th parallel; allowed shared use of Newfoundland’s fishing waters.
Florida Purchase Treaty: Acquired Florida from Spain for $5 million; Spain relinquished claims to Oregon.

Foreign Policy Developments

Monroe Doctrine: Declared opposition to European colonialism in the Americas, emphasizing non-intervention.
Russo-American Treaty of 1824: Defined boundaries for Russian territories in North America.

Definitions

Nationalism: Strong patriotic feelings, often leading to aggressive policies.
Depression: Extended economic downturn marked by declining activity and rising unemployment.
Boom: Period of rapid economic growth or price increases.

Key Concepts

Peculiar Institution: Refers to American slavery, highlighting its societal impacts.
Mediate: Refers to intervention in conflicts to promote agreement among disputing parties.
Contract: Legally binding agreement between parties to fulfill specified duties.

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Test your knowledge with flashcards covering key events and figures from Chapter 12 of Advanced Placement United States History (APUSH). This chapter focuses on the War of 1812 and notable leaders, helping you prepare for exams with essential definitions and context.