Approaches to Tourism Planning

Views tourism as beneficial, highlighting its economic, environmental, and social positive impacts. Often focuses on broad national development.

Critiques mass tourism, emphasizing its negative consequences, often highlighting issues like poverty concealment and the loss of cultural traditions.

Recognizes the negative impacts of mass tourism but suggests minimizing them through alternative, low-impact tourism approaches.

A variety of low-impact tourism forms, designed to reduce the negative consequences of mass tourism.

Large-scale tourism, often associated with negative environmental and social consequences. This is the result of the Advocacy Platform.

The tendency of local residents to adopt the styles and manners of tourists, leading to potential loss of traditional culture.

Views tourism holistically, considering its underlying structures and functions, and impact on the environment and communities.

A way of looking at tourism, guiding the focus of plans and identifying key issues.

Tourism that can be maintained effectively and successfully over long periods of time without causing harm to the environment or the local community.

A theory of tourism development that suggests the industry should function independently of government intervention, relying solely on market forces.

The idea that tourism helps traditional societies modernize, improving living standards and adopting new ways of life.

A theory that tourism's economic benefits will automatically improve the lives of everyone in a destination.

The increase in overall economic impact as tourism money circulates through different parts of an economy.

Tourism that prioritizes fairness, inclusivity, and the well-being of local communities and vulnerable groups.

Travel that accommodates people with disabilities.

Ecotourism can cause damage to the environment if not handled properly.

Theory that believes economies function best with minimal government involvement, but allows for regulations.

Tourism can harm developing nations by making them reliant on developed countries for resources and technology.

Model of social impacts of tourism; residents' attitudes towards tourism worsen as negative consequences increase during destination life cycle.

Initial stage of Irridex, residents feel excitement and anticipation toward tourism.

Stage of Irridex, residents become dissatisfied with tourism due to increasing numbers, external investment, and infrastructure.

Tourism planning done only when needed, for example, before a special event or important visitor.

Tourism development without any established plan, often due to its low priority or lack of resources.

Loss of money from a destination's economy due to repatriation of profits, imports from other countries and other expenses.

Tourism planning driven by emerging issues and finding solutions to those issues.

Tourism planning that considers tourism as a system within itself and integrates it with overall development plans of the area. It ensures compatibility with existing economic activities and local values.

Tourism planning that sees tourism as a positive force for economic development. Aims to maximize tourism revenues through mass tourism with strategies like infrastructure expansion and extensive promotion.

Tourism planning that assumes, "Build it and they will come." It focuses on providing infrastructure, facilities, and amenities to attract tourists.

A product-led planning approach that focuses on the layout and design of tourism destinations. Divides tourism into spatial units like gateways, communities, access routes, and attraction complexes.

Tourism planning that prioritizes understanding the needs and characteristics of tourists before providing facilities and services.

Tourism planning where the government plays a central role in planning and development.

A type of bureaucratic approach where national-level agencies handle all aspects of tourism planning and development.

A tourism planning model where local governments take control of tourism development within their jurisdictions.

A tourism model focused on limited, high-quality tourism, prioritizing environmental and cultural preservation over mass tourism.

A tourism model prioritizing environmentally friendly practices, especially in areas with natural attractions.

The maximum number of visitors a tourist destination can handle without causing harm to the environment or decreasing visitor satisfaction.

A management strategy that sets boundaries for acceptable environmental and social impacts within a tourist destination.

A form of sustainable tourism that focuses on preserving natural and cultural heritage while benefiting local communities.

A tourism planning model that emphasizes the involvement of stakeholders and prioritizes community benefits.

There are several approaches to tourism planning, each with its own focus, including Developed Planning, Middle Path, Environmental, Ecotourism, and Social approaches.

A planning process where all relevant stakeholders have a voice and influence over decisions. It ensures everyone involved has a say in how things proceed.

Tourism where the community owns or manages tourism businesses, aiming for benefits to the community. It's about local control and ownership.

Tourism designed to specifically benefit the poor. It requires support from governments and agencies to direct the benefits of tourism towards those in need.

Tourism that ensures fair wages and working conditions, equitable benefits, and respect for human rights, culture, and the environment. It promotes ethical and sustainable tourism practices.