Approaches to the School Curriculum

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Questions and Answers

What principle emphasizes the need to understand fundamental concepts before tackling more complex ideas in curriculum design?

  • Prerequisite learning (correct)
  • Chronological learning
  • Whole to part learning
  • World-related sequence

Which principle of curriculum organization focuses on presenting an overview before diving into specific topics?

  • Inquiry-related sequence
  • Concept-related sequence
  • World-related sequence
  • Whole to part learning (correct)

In which type of sequence would you organize topics based on their spatial relationships from closest to farthest?

  • Concept-related sequence
  • World-related sequence (correct)
  • Time-based sequence
  • Inquiry-related sequence

Which principle is primarily concerned with arranging content according to the historical order of events?

<p>Chronological learning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What principle involves structuring content based on the process of generating and verifying knowledge?

<p>Inquiry-related sequence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the concept of curriculum as process?

<p>It involves the methods and strategies employed to deliver educational content. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a factor to consider in the selection of content for the curriculum?

<p>Significance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following approaches integrates different subjects into a cohesive learning theme?

<p>Thematic Approach (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of curriculum, what does the term 'articulation' specifically refer to?

<p>The distribution of content across different grade levels. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a principle in selecting curriculum content?

<p>Global Relevance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Curriculum Balance

The curriculum is balanced when different subjects, time, experiences, and other elements are assigned fairly and not too much or too little of each.

Curriculum Articulation

Curriculum articulation is the systematic arrangement of content across levels or subjects. It ensures a smooth flow of learning.

Curriculum Sequence

Curriculum sequence refers to the logical order in which learning experiences are presented, building upon previous knowledge.

Curriculum Integration

Curriculum integration involves connecting different subjects and concepts to create a more holistic learning experience.

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Scope of the Curriculum

The scope of the curriculum refers to the breadth and depth of content covered.

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Prerequisite learning

The basic concept is learnt before moving on to more complex concepts. For example, teaching addition before multiplication.

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Whole to part learning

The main idea is presented first, and then broken down into specific details, making it easier for learners to grasp the overall understanding.

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Chronological learning

Content is sequenced based on time, going from earliest to most recent events.

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Space-related sequence

Content is arranged from closest to farthest, bottom to top, or east to west, based on spatial relations.

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Inquiry-related sequence

Content is arranged based on the scientific method of inquiry, starting with generating questions and moving through observation, experimentation, and reaching conclusions. This helps students understand how knowledge is formed and verified.

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Study Notes

Approaches to the School Curriculum

  • Learning Outcomes: At the end of the session, students can: describe different approaches to school curriculum through discussion; cite examples of curriculum content, process, and product in a matrix; infer implications of approaching curriculum as content, process, and product for their work as a teacher and curricularist.

Three Ways of Approaching a Curriculum

  • Content: What to teach
  • Process: How to teach
  • Product: What will be achieved

Three Ways of Approaching a Curriculum (Alternative View)

  • Content: The body of knowledge to be transmitted (facts, concepts, laws, principles, procedures, information)
  • Process: How the content is taught and learned
  • Product: The desired outcomes and measurable results

Curriculum Content

  • Ways of Presentation: Topical, Concept, Thematic, Modular
  • Criteria for Selection: Significance, Validity, Utility, Learnability, Feasibility, Interest

Fundamental Principles for Curriculum Contents

  • Balance: Equitable distribution of content, time, and experiences
  • Articulation: Vertical and horizontal relationships between levels and concepts
  • Sequence: Logical order of topics/concepts based on prerequisite learning • Simple to complex • Whole to part • Prerequisite learning • Chronological •Major Principles: World, Concept, Inquiry, Learning related
  • Integration: Connecting different subject areas and disciplines
  • Continuity: Repetition of concepts across different levels or grades
  • Scope: Defining coverage and depth of the curriculum (Minimal to Comprehensive coverage)

Curriculum as Content

  • Balance: Equitable assignment of content, time, and experiences. Inadequate amounts of any element can be problematic. Requires continuous review and fine tuning for effectiveness.
  • Articulation: How levels/concepts connect (vertical & horizontal). Vertical is from level to level, horizontal is correlations between subjects (like Science & Social Studies in 6th grade.)
  • Sequence: Logical arrangement of curriculum (example given: Simple to complex, whole to part, prerequisite, chronological concepts).
  • Integration: Removing subject boundaries to create connections
  • Continuity: Repetition and reuse of concepts
  • Scope: Defining curriculum coverage and depth (Not too much and not too little). Examples: units, chapters, sub-chapters

Curriculum Process

  • Instruction and Implementation Scheme in Teaching Emphasis on context
  • Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) Interaction between content and process in the curriculum.
  • Assessment: How to evaluate whether learning outcomes are met.

Curriculum Product

  • Achieved Learning Outcomes: Are products of learning experiences
  • Evidence/Demonstration: observable or measurable changes in student behavior
  • Significance Changes: Knowledge, Skills of the student.
  • Operationalized Learning: operationalized products of learning experiences

What are the implications of approaching the curriculum as a content, process, & product to your work as a teacher & curricularist?

  • Implications for writing learning objectives and lesson plans.

Additional Notes

  • Important Terms: Curriculum content, curriculum process, curriculum product, Learning Activities

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