18 Questions
What do traditional points of view of the curriculum emphasize according to Robert M. Hutchins?
Permanent studies in grammar, reading, and mathematics
According to Goodland & Su (1992), what does a curriculum aim to achieve?
Behavior changes in students through planned activities
What questions are posed by Cronbeth (1992) regarding the curriculum?
What knowledge, skills, and values are most worthwhile?
How do diverse points of view describe the curriculum?
Dynamic and ever-changing
What is the impact of one's point of view on the concept and meaning of curriculum according to the text?
It causes confusion and fragmentation
Which individuals are associated with advancing traditional points of view about the curriculum?
Robert Hutchins, Arthur Bestor, and Joseph Schwab
Which of the following is NOT one of the three ways of approaching a curriculum according to the text?
Curriculum as an ideal
What does the text state as an example of curriculum approached as content or a body of knowledge in primary school?
Addition, multiplication, subtraction, division, distance, and weight
Which of the following is an example of curriculum approached as a product or learning outcomes?
None of the above
Which of the following is NOT one of the ways the text states curriculum can be approached or defined?
As an ideal
What does the text state as an example of curriculum approached as content or a body of knowledge in secondary school?
Biological science, physical science, environmental science, and earth science
Which of the three approaches to curriculum is described as 'what happens when the curriculum is practiced'?
Curriculum as a process
Which of the following best describes the nature of the curriculum according to Daniel Tanner's definition?
A set of planned learning experiences aimed at developing personal and social competence.
According to Pratt's definition, what is a key characteristic of the curriculum?
It is a written document that systematically describes goals, objectives, content, and evaluation procedures.
Which of the following is not included in Schubert's definition of the curriculum?
A framework of theory and research on professional practices.
According to Hass's definition, which of the following is a key component of the curriculum?
It includes all experiences that individual learners have in an educational program.
Which of the following best captures the essence of Grundy's definition of the curriculum?
A program of activities designed to attain educational and other schooling ends or objectives.
Which of the following definitions emphasizes the curriculum as a means of reforming society?
Schubert's definition
Study Notes
Definition of Curriculum
- A plan that consists of learning opportunities for a specific time frame and place, aiming to bring about behavior changes in students as a result of planned activities.
- Includes all learning experiences received by students with the school's guidance (Goodland & Su, 1992).
Approaches to Curriculum
- Can be approached as content, process, or outcome.
- Content: a body of knowledge to be transmitted, e.g. mathematics curriculum consisting of addition, multiplication, etc.
- Process: what happens when the curriculum is practiced.
- Outcome: the learning outcomes desired by learners.
Different Definitions of Curriculum
- A planned and guided set of learning experiences and intended outcomes (Daniel Tanner, 1980).
- A written document describing goals, objectives, content, learning activities, and evaluation procedures (Pratt, 1980).
- The contents of a subject, concepts, tasks to be acquired, planned activities, and desired learning outcomes (Schubert, 1987).
- All experiences in a program of education aiming to achieve broad goals and related specific objectives (Hass, 1987).
- A program of activities designed to attain possible educational objectives (Grundy, 1987).
Points of View on Curriculum
- Traditional: emphasizes permanent studies, such as grammar, reading, rhetoric, logic, and mathematics (Robert Hutchins).
- Progressive: diverse points of view, dynamic and ever-changing.
Questions to Define Curriculum
- What knowledge, skills, and values are most worthwhile?
- Why are they most worthwhile?
- How should the young acquire them? (Cronbeth, 1992)
Explore different approaches to school curriculum, including how they define and clarify the concept of curriculum. Reflect on the interrelation between the three approaches.
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